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Research Article

volume 53 issue 11 (november 2019) : 1462-1468,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3557

Customising the requirement of fibrolytic enzymes to improve feeding value of sorghum stover, ragi straw and groundnut haulms

C
C. Valli
Y
Yancy Mary Issac
R
R. Kavitha
1Department of Animal Nutrition, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai-600 007, Tamil Nadu, India.
Cite article:- Valli C., Issac Mary Yancy, Kavitha R. (2019). Customising the requirement of fibrolytic enzymes to improve feeding value of sorghum stover, ragi straw and groundnut haulms. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(11): 1462-1468. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3557.

ABSTRACT

A study was carried out to determine fibre and non starch polysaccharide fractions of sorghum stover, ragi straw and groundnut haulms. Sorghum stover had the significantly highest fibre fractions (NDF, ADF, Cellulose, hemicelluloses and Lignin) and non starch polysaccharide fractions (Total, Soluble and Insoluble) compared to the other two crop residues. Enzyme activity assay of cellulase, hemicellulase, xylanase and pectinase revealed multiple activities in a single enzyme. In vitro trials were carried out to evolve substrate specific customized non - starch polysaccharidase mixture for sorghum stover, ragi straw and groundnut haulm. The first trial was conducted to locate the range of enzymes required for maximum sugar release, followed by another in vitro trial to precisely identify the enzymes needed for respective substrates and the third one was to identify the inclusion level of these enzymes in combination to sorghum stover or ragi straw or groundnut haulm. All these trials were conducted in duplicate in three runs. These experiments established that each gram of sorghum stover and ragi straw requires 1200 U of Cellulase, 120 U of Xylanase and 700 U of Pectinase for maximum hydrolysis and each gram of groundnut haulm requires 1600 U of Cellulase, 100 U of Xylanase and 600 U of Pectinase for maximum hydrolysis.

REFERENCES

  1. Andesogan, A.T., (2005). Improving forage quality and animal performance with fibrolytic enzymes. Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium. pp. 91-109.
  2. Beauchemin, K.A., Colombatto. D, Morgavi D.P. and Yang, W.Z., (2003). Use of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes to improve feed utilization by ruminants. Journal of Animal Science. 81: (Suppl.2): E 37-E 47.
  3. Blummel, M. and Becker, K., (1997). The degradability characteristics of fifty four roughages and neutral detergent fibre as described by in vitro gas production and their relationship to voluntary feed intake. British Journal of Nutrition, 77: 757-768.
  4. Blümmel. M., Vellaikumar. S., Devulapalli. R., Nigam, S.N., Upadhyaya, H.D., and Khan.A., (2005). ejournal.icrisat.org Volume 1 | issue 1.
  5. Deshpande, K.Y., Karunakaran.R, Balakrishnan.V., and Thirunavukkarasu M.,. (2013). In vitro gas production of commonly fed fodder to cattle in Tamilnadu. Indian Vet. J. 90(1): 35-37.
  6. Englyst, H., (1989). Classification and measurement of plant polysaccharides. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 23: 27-42.
  7. Friend, J., (1976). Biochemical aspects of plant-parasitic relationships, [ed. J. Friend, D.R. Threfall], Academic Newyork / London : pp. 291-303.
  8. Goering, H.K., and Van Soest, P.J., (1970). Forage and fibre analysis, Agricultural hand book No.379. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Bethesda, Washington D.C., pp. 1-20.
  9. Haile, E., Gicheha, M., Njonge, F.K. and Asgedom, G. (2017) Determining nutritive value of cereal crop residues and lentil (Lens esculanta) straw for ruminants. Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 7: 19-29.
  10. Madibela, O. R. and Modiakgotla, E (2004): Chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility of indigenous finger millet (Eleusine coracana) in Botswana. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Vol. 16, Art. #26.http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd16/    4/madi16026.htm
  11. Mahesh, M. S. and Madhu Mohini 2013. Biological treatment of crop residues for ruminant feeding: A review. African Journal of Biotechnology 12(27), : 4221-4231, 
  12. Mc Neil, M., Daevill A.G., Fry S.C. and Albersheim P., (1984). Structure and function of the primary cell wall of plants. Annu.Rev.Biochem, 53: 625-663.
  13. Miller, G.L., (1959). Use of dinitro saliyclic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugars. Analytical Chemistry, 31 (3): 426-428.
  14. Murthy, K.S., Dutta, K.S. Tajane, K.R. Ravikala, K. Shah R.R. and Gajbhiye, P.U. (2004). Groundnut haulms based feeding regimens for calves. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 21 (2): 130-132.
  15. Nsereko, V.L., Morgavi, D.P. Rode, L.M.. Beauchemin K.A and Mc Allister, T.A. (2000). Effects of fungal enzyme preparations on hydrolysis and subsequent degradation of alfalfa hay fibre by mixed rumen microorganisms in vitro. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 88:153-170.
  16. Reddy, B.V.S., Ramesh, S. Borikar S.T. and Hussain Sahib H., (2007). ICRISAT-Indian NARS partnership sorghum improvement research. Strategies and impacts. Current Science, 92(7): 909-915.
  17. Van Soest, P.J., Robertson J.B.and Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fibre Neutral detergent fibre and Non Starch Polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Symposium: carbohydrate methodology, metabolism and nutritional implications in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 3583-3597.
  18. Vermerris, W., Sabalos, A. Gebisia, E. Moser, N.S. Ladisch M.R. and Carpita, N.C. (2007). Molecular breeding to enhance ethanol production from corn stover and sorghum stover. Crop Science, 47: 142-153. 
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 11 (november 2019) : 1462-1468,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3557

    Customising the requirement of fibrolytic enzymes to improve feeding value of sorghum stover, ragi straw and groundnut haulms

    C
    C. Valli
    Y
    Yancy Mary Issac
    R
    R. Kavitha
    1Department of Animal Nutrition, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai-600 007, Tamil Nadu, India.
    Cite article:- Valli C., Issac Mary Yancy, Kavitha R. (2019). Customising the requirement of fibrolytic enzymes to improve feeding value of sorghum stover, ragi straw and groundnut haulms. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(11): 1462-1468. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3557.

    ABSTRACT

    A study was carried out to determine fibre and non starch polysaccharide fractions of sorghum stover, ragi straw and groundnut haulms. Sorghum stover had the significantly highest fibre fractions (NDF, ADF, Cellulose, hemicelluloses and Lignin) and non starch polysaccharide fractions (Total, Soluble and Insoluble) compared to the other two crop residues. Enzyme activity assay of cellulase, hemicellulase, xylanase and pectinase revealed multiple activities in a single enzyme. In vitro trials were carried out to evolve substrate specific customized non - starch polysaccharidase mixture for sorghum stover, ragi straw and groundnut haulm. The first trial was conducted to locate the range of enzymes required for maximum sugar release, followed by another in vitro trial to precisely identify the enzymes needed for respective substrates and the third one was to identify the inclusion level of these enzymes in combination to sorghum stover or ragi straw or groundnut haulm. All these trials were conducted in duplicate in three runs. These experiments established that each gram of sorghum stover and ragi straw requires 1200 U of Cellulase, 120 U of Xylanase and 700 U of Pectinase for maximum hydrolysis and each gram of groundnut haulm requires 1600 U of Cellulase, 100 U of Xylanase and 600 U of Pectinase for maximum hydrolysis.

    REFERENCES

    1. Andesogan, A.T., (2005). Improving forage quality and animal performance with fibrolytic enzymes. Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium. pp. 91-109.
    2. Beauchemin, K.A., Colombatto. D, Morgavi D.P. and Yang, W.Z., (2003). Use of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes to improve feed utilization by ruminants. Journal of Animal Science. 81: (Suppl.2): E 37-E 47.
    3. Blummel, M. and Becker, K., (1997). The degradability characteristics of fifty four roughages and neutral detergent fibre as described by in vitro gas production and their relationship to voluntary feed intake. British Journal of Nutrition, 77: 757-768.
    4. Blümmel. M., Vellaikumar. S., Devulapalli. R., Nigam, S.N., Upadhyaya, H.D., and Khan.A., (2005). ejournal.icrisat.org Volume 1 | issue 1.
    5. Deshpande, K.Y., Karunakaran.R, Balakrishnan.V., and Thirunavukkarasu M.,. (2013). In vitro gas production of commonly fed fodder to cattle in Tamilnadu. Indian Vet. J. 90(1): 35-37.
    6. Englyst, H., (1989). Classification and measurement of plant polysaccharides. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 23: 27-42.
    7. Friend, J., (1976). Biochemical aspects of plant-parasitic relationships, [ed. J. Friend, D.R. Threfall], Academic Newyork / London : pp. 291-303.
    8. Goering, H.K., and Van Soest, P.J., (1970). Forage and fibre analysis, Agricultural hand book No.379. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Bethesda, Washington D.C., pp. 1-20.
    9. Haile, E., Gicheha, M., Njonge, F.K. and Asgedom, G. (2017) Determining nutritive value of cereal crop residues and lentil (Lens esculanta) straw for ruminants. Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 7: 19-29.
    10. Madibela, O. R. and Modiakgotla, E (2004): Chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility of indigenous finger millet (Eleusine coracana) in Botswana. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Vol. 16, Art. #26.http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd16/    4/madi16026.htm
    11. Mahesh, M. S. and Madhu Mohini 2013. Biological treatment of crop residues for ruminant feeding: A review. African Journal of Biotechnology 12(27), : 4221-4231, 
    12. Mc Neil, M., Daevill A.G., Fry S.C. and Albersheim P., (1984). Structure and function of the primary cell wall of plants. Annu.Rev.Biochem, 53: 625-663.
    13. Miller, G.L., (1959). Use of dinitro saliyclic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugars. Analytical Chemistry, 31 (3): 426-428.
    14. Murthy, K.S., Dutta, K.S. Tajane, K.R. Ravikala, K. Shah R.R. and Gajbhiye, P.U. (2004). Groundnut haulms based feeding regimens for calves. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 21 (2): 130-132.
    15. Nsereko, V.L., Morgavi, D.P. Rode, L.M.. Beauchemin K.A and Mc Allister, T.A. (2000). Effects of fungal enzyme preparations on hydrolysis and subsequent degradation of alfalfa hay fibre by mixed rumen microorganisms in vitro. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 88:153-170.
    16. Reddy, B.V.S., Ramesh, S. Borikar S.T. and Hussain Sahib H., (2007). ICRISAT-Indian NARS partnership sorghum improvement research. Strategies and impacts. Current Science, 92(7): 909-915.
    17. Van Soest, P.J., Robertson J.B.and Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fibre Neutral detergent fibre and Non Starch Polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Symposium: carbohydrate methodology, metabolism and nutritional implications in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 3583-3597.
    18. Vermerris, W., Sabalos, A. Gebisia, E. Moser, N.S. Ladisch M.R. and Carpita, N.C. (2007). Molecular breeding to enhance ethanol production from corn stover and sorghum stover. Crop Science, 47: 142-153. 
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