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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 53 issue 3 (march 2019) : 307-310,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3501

Evaluation of different physio-biochemicals indices of exercise performance in Zanskar ponies

P
Prince Vivek
V
Vijay K Bharti
S
Sahil Kalia
A
Arup Giri
K
Kapil Nehra
R
Rohit Kumar
O
Om Prakash Chaurasia
B
Bhuvnesh Kumar
1Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh- 194 101, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Cite article:- Vivek Prince, Bharti K Vijay, Kalia Sahil, Giri Arup, Nehra Kapil, Kumar Rohit, Chaurasia Prakash Om, Kumar Bhuvnesh (2018). Evaluation of different physio-biochemicals indices of exercise performance in Zanskar ponies. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(3): 307-310. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3501.

ABSTRACT

Zanskar pony is a native breed of high altitude region of Ladakh namely Zanskar valley and Nubra valley. These ponies are commonly used for load carrying by locals and defence personnel due to their adaptability in rugged terrain and rocky track. Therefore, high enduring ponies are in great demand for ride and load carrying at low maintenance cost. So far to the best of our knowledge no studies have made attempt to evaluate different physio-biochemical indices of exercise performance in Zanskar pony, so that selection of elite pony could be made based on these indices. Hence, present study was conducted to evaluate the physiological responses, biochemical, cytokines, hormones, and antioxidant related parameters to performance in Zanskar pony at two geographic areas namely Leh (3500 meter msl) and Nubra valley (3291 meter msl) with different altitude. For this study, total of 6 adult mares ponies were selected for sampling at Leh and 8 adult mare ponies were selected at Partapur. Ponies at different altitude did not exhibit significant difference in physiological responses, and biochemical, cytokines, hormones, and antioxidant related parameters, except aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Though the all the parameters were within the normal ranges towards higher side. These findings indicated that there was no effect of altitude within the entire home tracks of Zanskar pony namely Zanskar Valley and Nubra of Ladakh region. Hence, these parameters may be useful if evaluated during load carrying trials and associated with the performance. 

REFERENCES

  1. Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology, 105: 121-126.
  2. Benzie, I.F., and Strain, J.J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 239: 70-76.
  3. Blois, M.S. (1958). Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 181: 1199-1200.
  4. Das, K., Samanta, L., and Chainy, G.B.N. (2000). A modified spectrophotometric assay of superoxide dismutase using nitrite formation by superoxide radicals. Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 37: 201-204.
  5. Facco, M., Zilli, C., Siviero, M., Ermolao, A., Travain, G., Baesso, I., Bonamico, S. and Cabrelle, A., et al., (2005). Modulation of immune response by the acute and chronic exposure to high altitude. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37: 768-774.
  6. Fisher-Wellman, K., and Bloomer, R.J. (2009). Acute exercise and oxidative stress: a 30 year history. Dynamic Medicine, 8:1.
  7. Fazio, E., Medica, P., Cravana, C., Ferlazzo, A. (2017). Total and free iodothyronine changes in response to transport of Equidae (Equus asinusand Equus caballus). Veterinaria italiana, 53: 55-60.
  8. Gondim, F.J., Zoppi, C.C., dos Reis Silveira, L., Pereira-da-Silva, L., de Macedo, D.V. (2009). Possible relationship between performance and oxidative stress in endurance horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 29: 206-212.
  9. Harris, P.A., Snow, D.H., Greet, T.R., Rossdale, P.D. (1990). Some factors influencing plasma AST/CK activities in thoroughbred racehorses. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement, 9: 66-71.
  10. Maxwell S.R. (1995). Prospects for the use of antioxidant therapies. Drugs. 49: 345–361.
  11. Kruljc, P., Cebulj-Kadunc, N., Frangez, R., Svete, A.N. (2014). Changes in blood antioxidant, biochemical and haematological parameters in police horses on duty. Slovenian Veterinary Research, 51: 119-129.
  12. Mazzeo, R.S., Donovan, D., Fleshner, M., Butterfield, G.E., Zamudio, S., Wolfel, E.E., and Moore, L.G. (2001). Interleukin-6 response to exercise and high-altitude exposure: influence of á-adrenergic blockade. Journal of Applied Physiology, 91: 2143-2149.
  13. Mazzeo, R.S., Child, A., Butterfield, G.E., Braun, B., Rock, P.B., Wolfel, E.E., Zamudio, S., and Moore, L.G. (2000). Sympathoadrenal responses to submaximal exercise in women after acclimatization to 4,300 meters. Metabolism, 49: 1036-1042.
  14. Ohkawa, H., Ohishi, N., and Yagi, K. (1979). Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical Biochemistry, 95:351-358.
  15. Palmer, B.F. (2010). Physiology and pathophysiology with ascent to altitude. The American Journal of the Medical Science, 340: 69-67
  16. Suarez-Esquivel, M., and Castro-Ramirez, L. (2016). Measurement of thyroid hormones and cortisol in horses with an automated 
  17. immunoassay analyzer. Revista Ciencias Veterinarias, 34: 39-49.
  18. Venkatesan, G., Deshmukh, P.B., Biswas, A., Bharti, V.K., and Srivastava, R.B. (2011). Zanskar ponies: Packers and movers on the rugged terrain. In Innovations in Agro Animal Technologies, Editors: Srivastava RB, Selvamurthy W., Satish Serial Publishing House, Delhi, India. Pp. 234-245.
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 3 (march 2019) : 307-310,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3501

    Evaluation of different physio-biochemicals indices of exercise performance in Zanskar ponies

    P
    Prince Vivek
    V
    Vijay K Bharti
    S
    Sahil Kalia
    A
    Arup Giri
    K
    Kapil Nehra
    R
    Rohit Kumar
    O
    Om Prakash Chaurasia
    B
    Bhuvnesh Kumar
    1Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh- 194 101, Jammu and Kashmir, India
    Cite article:- Vivek Prince, Bharti K Vijay, Kalia Sahil, Giri Arup, Nehra Kapil, Kumar Rohit, Chaurasia Prakash Om, Kumar Bhuvnesh (2018). Evaluation of different physio-biochemicals indices of exercise performance in Zanskar ponies. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(3): 307-310. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3501.

    ABSTRACT

    Zanskar pony is a native breed of high altitude region of Ladakh namely Zanskar valley and Nubra valley. These ponies are commonly used for load carrying by locals and defence personnel due to their adaptability in rugged terrain and rocky track. Therefore, high enduring ponies are in great demand for ride and load carrying at low maintenance cost. So far to the best of our knowledge no studies have made attempt to evaluate different physio-biochemical indices of exercise performance in Zanskar pony, so that selection of elite pony could be made based on these indices. Hence, present study was conducted to evaluate the physiological responses, biochemical, cytokines, hormones, and antioxidant related parameters to performance in Zanskar pony at two geographic areas namely Leh (3500 meter msl) and Nubra valley (3291 meter msl) with different altitude. For this study, total of 6 adult mares ponies were selected for sampling at Leh and 8 adult mare ponies were selected at Partapur. Ponies at different altitude did not exhibit significant difference in physiological responses, and biochemical, cytokines, hormones, and antioxidant related parameters, except aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Though the all the parameters were within the normal ranges towards higher side. These findings indicated that there was no effect of altitude within the entire home tracks of Zanskar pony namely Zanskar Valley and Nubra of Ladakh region. Hence, these parameters may be useful if evaluated during load carrying trials and associated with the performance. 

    REFERENCES

    1. Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology, 105: 121-126.
    2. Benzie, I.F., and Strain, J.J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 239: 70-76.
    3. Blois, M.S. (1958). Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 181: 1199-1200.
    4. Das, K., Samanta, L., and Chainy, G.B.N. (2000). A modified spectrophotometric assay of superoxide dismutase using nitrite formation by superoxide radicals. Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 37: 201-204.
    5. Facco, M., Zilli, C., Siviero, M., Ermolao, A., Travain, G., Baesso, I., Bonamico, S. and Cabrelle, A., et al., (2005). Modulation of immune response by the acute and chronic exposure to high altitude. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37: 768-774.
    6. Fisher-Wellman, K., and Bloomer, R.J. (2009). Acute exercise and oxidative stress: a 30 year history. Dynamic Medicine, 8:1.
    7. Fazio, E., Medica, P., Cravana, C., Ferlazzo, A. (2017). Total and free iodothyronine changes in response to transport of Equidae (Equus asinusand Equus caballus). Veterinaria italiana, 53: 55-60.
    8. Gondim, F.J., Zoppi, C.C., dos Reis Silveira, L., Pereira-da-Silva, L., de Macedo, D.V. (2009). Possible relationship between performance and oxidative stress in endurance horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 29: 206-212.
    9. Harris, P.A., Snow, D.H., Greet, T.R., Rossdale, P.D. (1990). Some factors influencing plasma AST/CK activities in thoroughbred racehorses. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement, 9: 66-71.
    10. Maxwell S.R. (1995). Prospects for the use of antioxidant therapies. Drugs. 49: 345–361.
    11. Kruljc, P., Cebulj-Kadunc, N., Frangez, R., Svete, A.N. (2014). Changes in blood antioxidant, biochemical and haematological parameters in police horses on duty. Slovenian Veterinary Research, 51: 119-129.
    12. Mazzeo, R.S., Donovan, D., Fleshner, M., Butterfield, G.E., Zamudio, S., Wolfel, E.E., and Moore, L.G. (2001). Interleukin-6 response to exercise and high-altitude exposure: influence of á-adrenergic blockade. Journal of Applied Physiology, 91: 2143-2149.
    13. Mazzeo, R.S., Child, A., Butterfield, G.E., Braun, B., Rock, P.B., Wolfel, E.E., Zamudio, S., and Moore, L.G. (2000). Sympathoadrenal responses to submaximal exercise in women after acclimatization to 4,300 meters. Metabolism, 49: 1036-1042.
    14. Ohkawa, H., Ohishi, N., and Yagi, K. (1979). Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical Biochemistry, 95:351-358.
    15. Palmer, B.F. (2010). Physiology and pathophysiology with ascent to altitude. The American Journal of the Medical Science, 340: 69-67
    16. Suarez-Esquivel, M., and Castro-Ramirez, L. (2016). Measurement of thyroid hormones and cortisol in horses with an automated 
    17. immunoassay analyzer. Revista Ciencias Veterinarias, 34: 39-49.
    18. Venkatesan, G., Deshmukh, P.B., Biswas, A., Bharti, V.K., and Srivastava, R.B. (2011). Zanskar ponies: Packers and movers on the rugged terrain. In Innovations in Agro Animal Technologies, Editors: Srivastava RB, Selvamurthy W., Satish Serial Publishing House, Delhi, India. Pp. 234-245.
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