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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 53 issue 3 (march 2019) : 341-345,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3498

Ultrasonographic examination of kidneys and urinary bladder of normal adult Spiti horses and Himalayan Hill mules of India

U
Uiase Bin Farooq
A
Adarsh Kumar
S
Shabir Ahmad
R
Rajni Chaudhary
1Department of Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 061, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Cite article:- Farooq Bin Uiase, Kumar Adarsh, Ahmad Shabir, Chaudhary Rajni (2018). Ultrasonographic examination of kidneys and urinary bladder of normal adult Spiti horses and Himalayan Hill mules of India. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(3): 341-345. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3498.

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to develop baseline topographical data of landmarks for locating kidneys and urinary bladder and to generate sonographic calliper measurements along with dynamic parameters of these organs. Ultrasonography was performed on 50 native adult (Spiti horses and Himalayan hill mules) healthy unsedated equines of either sex. The thickness, character and echo-architecture of these organs were recorded. The right kidney was found from 15th (±1) intercostal space (ICS) extending upto first lumbar vertebra, both in horses as well as in mules. The height of right kidney varied from 112.7 to 118.3 mm (Mean± SE= 115.6±1.01 mm) and its thickness varied from 58.4 to 71.2 mm (Mean± SE= 64.3±2.37 mm). While in mules height of right kidney varied from 90.7 to 109.2 mm (Mean± SE= of 101.1±3.14 mm) and its thickness varied from 47.3 to 56.8 mm (Mean± SE= 52.3±1.57 mm). The left kidney in horses was found between 16th ICS to 2nd lumbar vertebra, while in mules it was found from 16th ICS to 3rd lumbar vertebra. The height of left kidney varied from 87 to 107.8 mm (Mean± SE= 99.0±3.67 mm) and its thickness varied from 49.5 to 53.8 mm (Mean± SE= 51.8±0.72 mm). In mules the height of left kidney varied from 85.5 to 111.4 mm (Mean± SE= 95.3±2.36 mm) and its thickness varied from 43.4 to 55.7 mm (Mean± SE= 50.6±2.53 mm). During transrectal ultrasonography urinary bladder was observed as an oval to round structure in the caudal ventral abdomen, the wall thickness of urinary bladder varied from 2.7 to 2.8 mm (Mean± SE= 2.74±0.02 mm), 2.4 to 2.7 mm (Mean± SE= 2.62±0.05 mm) in horses and mules respectively. Hence detailed ultrasonographic examination of these organs helped us to compile baseline data, which will be helpful in future in management of the affections of these organs.

REFERENCES

  1. Barton MH (2011). Understanding abdominal ultrasonography in horses: which way is up. Compend. Contin. Educ. Pract. Vet., 33:.E1-E7.
  2. Diaz OS, Smith G, Reef VB. (1995). Ultrasonographic appearance of the lower urinary tract in fifteen normal horses. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 48 : 560-564
  3. Epstein K, Short D, Parente E, Reef V, Southwood L (2008). Gastrointestinal ultrasonography in normal adult ponies. Vet. Radiol and Ultrasound 49: 282-286.
  4. Freeman S (2002). Ultrasonography of the equine abdomen techniques and normal findings. J. British. Vet. Assoc., 24(4): 204-211.
  5. Hoffman KL, Wood AKW, McCarthy PH (1995). Sonographic-anatomic correlation and imaging protocol for the kidneys of horses. American J. Vet. Res., 56: 1403-1412.
  6. Kiper ML, Traub-Dargatz JL, Wrigley RH (1990). Renal ultrasonography in horses. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 12: 993-1000.
  7. Reef VB (1991). The use of diagnostic ultrasound in the horse. Ultrasound Quarterly 9: 1-34
  8. Reef VB (1998). Adult abdominal ultrasonography: Equine Diagnostic Ultrasound. Philadelphia, USA, WB Saunders Co. PP: 273-357
  9. Schmidt AR (1989). Transrectal ultrasonography of the caudal portion of the abdominal and pelvic cavities in horses. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association 194: 365-371
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 3 (march 2019) : 341-345,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3498

    Ultrasonographic examination of kidneys and urinary bladder of normal adult Spiti horses and Himalayan Hill mules of India

    U
    Uiase Bin Farooq
    A
    Adarsh Kumar
    S
    Shabir Ahmad
    R
    Rajni Chaudhary
    1Department of Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 061, Himachal Pradesh, India.
    Cite article:- Farooq Bin Uiase, Kumar Adarsh, Ahmad Shabir, Chaudhary Rajni (2018). Ultrasonographic examination of kidneys and urinary bladder of normal adult Spiti horses and Himalayan Hill mules of India. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(3): 341-345. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3498.

    ABSTRACT

    The objective of this study was to develop baseline topographical data of landmarks for locating kidneys and urinary bladder and to generate sonographic calliper measurements along with dynamic parameters of these organs. Ultrasonography was performed on 50 native adult (Spiti horses and Himalayan hill mules) healthy unsedated equines of either sex. The thickness, character and echo-architecture of these organs were recorded. The right kidney was found from 15th (±1) intercostal space (ICS) extending upto first lumbar vertebra, both in horses as well as in mules. The height of right kidney varied from 112.7 to 118.3 mm (Mean± SE= 115.6±1.01 mm) and its thickness varied from 58.4 to 71.2 mm (Mean± SE= 64.3±2.37 mm). While in mules height of right kidney varied from 90.7 to 109.2 mm (Mean± SE= of 101.1±3.14 mm) and its thickness varied from 47.3 to 56.8 mm (Mean± SE= 52.3±1.57 mm). The left kidney in horses was found between 16th ICS to 2nd lumbar vertebra, while in mules it was found from 16th ICS to 3rd lumbar vertebra. The height of left kidney varied from 87 to 107.8 mm (Mean± SE= 99.0±3.67 mm) and its thickness varied from 49.5 to 53.8 mm (Mean± SE= 51.8±0.72 mm). In mules the height of left kidney varied from 85.5 to 111.4 mm (Mean± SE= 95.3±2.36 mm) and its thickness varied from 43.4 to 55.7 mm (Mean± SE= 50.6±2.53 mm). During transrectal ultrasonography urinary bladder was observed as an oval to round structure in the caudal ventral abdomen, the wall thickness of urinary bladder varied from 2.7 to 2.8 mm (Mean± SE= 2.74±0.02 mm), 2.4 to 2.7 mm (Mean± SE= 2.62±0.05 mm) in horses and mules respectively. Hence detailed ultrasonographic examination of these organs helped us to compile baseline data, which will be helpful in future in management of the affections of these organs.

    REFERENCES

    1. Barton MH (2011). Understanding abdominal ultrasonography in horses: which way is up. Compend. Contin. Educ. Pract. Vet., 33:.E1-E7.
    2. Diaz OS, Smith G, Reef VB. (1995). Ultrasonographic appearance of the lower urinary tract in fifteen normal horses. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 48 : 560-564
    3. Epstein K, Short D, Parente E, Reef V, Southwood L (2008). Gastrointestinal ultrasonography in normal adult ponies. Vet. Radiol and Ultrasound 49: 282-286.
    4. Freeman S (2002). Ultrasonography of the equine abdomen techniques and normal findings. J. British. Vet. Assoc., 24(4): 204-211.
    5. Hoffman KL, Wood AKW, McCarthy PH (1995). Sonographic-anatomic correlation and imaging protocol for the kidneys of horses. American J. Vet. Res., 56: 1403-1412.
    6. Kiper ML, Traub-Dargatz JL, Wrigley RH (1990). Renal ultrasonography in horses. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 12: 993-1000.
    7. Reef VB (1991). The use of diagnostic ultrasound in the horse. Ultrasound Quarterly 9: 1-34
    8. Reef VB (1998). Adult abdominal ultrasonography: Equine Diagnostic Ultrasound. Philadelphia, USA, WB Saunders Co. PP: 273-357
    9. Schmidt AR (1989). Transrectal ultrasonography of the caudal portion of the abdominal and pelvic cavities in horses. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association 194: 365-371
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      Contact us
      Follow us
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      Indian Journal of Animal Research

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