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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 53 issue 2 (february 2019) : 245-249,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3471

Coccidiosis in goats: Pathological observations on intestinal developmental stages and anticoccidial efficacy of amprolim

S
Sukhmeet Kaur
L
L.D. Singla
B
B.S. Sandhu
M
M.S. Bal
P
P. Kaur
1Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141 012, Punjab, India.
Cite article:- Kaur Sukhmeet, Singla L.D., Sandhu B.S., Bal M.S., Kaur P. (2018). Coccidiosis in goats: Pathological observations on intestinal developmental stages and anticoccidial efficacy of amprolim. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(2): 245-249. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3471.

ABSTRACT

In an outbreak of coccidiosis at a goat farm having 200 animals of different age groups (0-3 months, 4-6 months and 7-9 months), kept under stall fed conditions, mortality of 2 kids aged 2-3 months in a span of 2-3 days was seen. The kids were having a history of severe diarrhoea, anorexia and general weakness. Standard qualitative and quantitative coprological examination of randomly collected faecal samples from 60 goats of different age groups revealed that 58 (96.66%) were infected with coccidian oocysts. Among positive samples, 25(43.10%) were heavily infected (OPG=5000-1,23,000), 22(37.93%) had a moderate (OPG=1000-5000) and 11(18.96%) had a mild (OPG=100-1000) infection. Significant difference (P<0.05) observed in the mean OPG between the 3 age categories with highest infection in kids with the age group of less than or equal to 3 months,followed by 4-6 months and 7-9 months. Mixed infection of five Eimeria species, namely E. arloingi, E. ninakohlyakimovae, E. christenseni, E. hirci and E. alijevi was seen and E. arloingi was most predominant species among them. Systematic necropsies of naturally died kids of coccidial infection revealed small whitish non-pedunculated nodules in the small intestine. Histopathologically, these nodules revealed papillary hyperplasia of the mucosal epithelium with mild to moderate inflammatory reaction with the presence of developmental stages of Eimeria including trophozoites, schizonts, microgamonts, macrogamonts and oocysts in the epithelium of affected intestinal villi and crypts. The affected animals were successfully treated with amprolium @ dose rate of 2g/40kg body weight.  Significant reduction in the oocysts count (P< 0.01) 7 days post treatment 610.52±201.17 was seen compared to pre treatment values (10685.96±3128.22).

REFERENCES

  1. Chartier, C. and Paraud, C.(2012). Coccidiosis due to Eimeria in sheep and goats, a review. Small Rumin Res.103(1):84-92.
  2. Daugschies, A. and Najdrowski, M.(2005). Eimeriosis in cattle: current understanding. J. Vet. Med.52:417-427.
  3. Eckert, J., Braun, R., Shirley, M.W. and Coudert, P.(1995). Guidelines on techniques in coccidiosis research. COST 89/820. European Commission, DGXII, pp. 103-117.
  4. Foreyt, W.J.(1990). Coccidiosis and cryptosporidiosis in sheep and goats. Vet. Clin. N Am.6:655-670.
  5. Hashemnia, M., Rezaei, F., Chalechale, A.(2015). Prevalence, intensity, and pathological lesions of Eimeria infection in goats in western Iran. Comp Clin Path.24(4):805-810.
  6. Hashemnia, M., Tafti, A.K., Razavi, S.M. and Nazifi, S.(2012). Experimental caprine coccidiosis caused by Eimeria arloingi: Morphopathologic and electron microscopic studies. Vet. Res. Commun.6(1):47-55.
  7. Iqbal, A., Tariq, K.A., Wazir, V.S. and Singh, R.(2013). Antiparasitic efficacy of Artemisia absinthium, toltrazuril and amprolium against intestinal coccidiosis in goats. J. Parasit Dis.37(1):88–93.
  8. Jubb, K.V.F., Kennedy, P.C. and Palmer, N.(2007). Pathology of Domestic Animals, 5th edn. Academic Press Inc, Saunders Elsevier.
  9. Khillare, B.S. and Narladkar, B.W.(2014). Epidemiology of coccidiosis in caprines of Marathwada region of Maharashtra age, sex, breed and season wise prevalence. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology28:7-13.
  10. Khodakaram Tafti, A. and Mansourian, M.(2008). Pathologic lesions of naturally occurring coccidiosis in sheep and goats. Comparative Clinical Pathology 17:87–91.
  11. Kumar, A,M., Elayaraja, M., Anna, T. and Sundar, N.(2001). Species spectrum of Eimeria in goats of Namakkalarea, Tamil Nadu. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 15:39-41.
  12. McGavin, M.D. and Zachary, J.F.(2011). Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 5th edn. Elsevier Mosby, London.
  13. More, B.V., Lokhande, S.C. and Nikam, S.V.(2015). Observation of Eimeria parva in goat and sheep from Beed, M.S., India. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research 6(3):3076-79.
  14. Radad, K. and Khalil, S.(2011). Coccidiosis, paratuberculosis and enterotoxaemia in Saudi goats. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Pathology 4(3):219–22.
  15. Rehman, T.U., Khan, M.N., Khan, I.A. and Ahmad, M.(2011). Epidemiology and economic benefits of treating goat coccidiosis. Pakistan.Veterinary Journal 31(3): 227-30.
  16. Sharma, D.K., Agrawal, N., Mandal, A., Nigam, P. and Bhushan, S.(2009). Coccidia and gastrointestinal nematode infections in semi- intensively managed Jakhrana goats of semi- arid Region of India. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems 11:135-39.
  17. Singh, U.B. and Sulochana.(1996). Handbook of Histological and Histochemical Technique. 1st edn. Premier Publishing house, Hyderabad.
  18. Singh E, Kaur P, Singla LD and Bal MS (2017). Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism in small ruminants in western zone of Punjab, India. Veterinary world 10(1): 61-66.
  19. Singla LD (1995) A note on sub-clinical gastro-intestinal parasitism in sheep and goats in Ludhiana and Faridkot districts of Punjab. Indian Veterinary Medical Journal 19: 61-62.
  20. Soulsby, E.J.L.(1982). Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. 7th edn. ELBS Bailliare Tindall, London.
  21. Taylor., Coop and Wall.(2007). Veterinary Parasitology. 3rd edn.:Blackwell Publishing. UK pp.175-183.
  22. Young, G., Alley, M.L., Foster, D.M. and Smith, W.(2011). Efficacy of amprolium for the treatment of pathogenic Eimeria species in Boer goat kids. Veterinary Parasitology 178 (3-4):346-349. 
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 2 (february 2019) : 245-249,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3471

    Coccidiosis in goats: Pathological observations on intestinal developmental stages and anticoccidial efficacy of amprolim

    S
    Sukhmeet Kaur
    L
    L.D. Singla
    B
    B.S. Sandhu
    M
    M.S. Bal
    P
    P. Kaur
    1Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141 012, Punjab, India.
    Cite article:- Kaur Sukhmeet, Singla L.D., Sandhu B.S., Bal M.S., Kaur P. (2018). Coccidiosis in goats: Pathological observations on intestinal developmental stages and anticoccidial efficacy of amprolim. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(2): 245-249. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3471.

    ABSTRACT

    In an outbreak of coccidiosis at a goat farm having 200 animals of different age groups (0-3 months, 4-6 months and 7-9 months), kept under stall fed conditions, mortality of 2 kids aged 2-3 months in a span of 2-3 days was seen. The kids were having a history of severe diarrhoea, anorexia and general weakness. Standard qualitative and quantitative coprological examination of randomly collected faecal samples from 60 goats of different age groups revealed that 58 (96.66%) were infected with coccidian oocysts. Among positive samples, 25(43.10%) were heavily infected (OPG=5000-1,23,000), 22(37.93%) had a moderate (OPG=1000-5000) and 11(18.96%) had a mild (OPG=100-1000) infection. Significant difference (P<0.05) observed in the mean OPG between the 3 age categories with highest infection in kids with the age group of less than or equal to 3 months,followed by 4-6 months and 7-9 months. Mixed infection of five Eimeria species, namely E. arloingi, E. ninakohlyakimovae, E. christenseni, E. hirci and E. alijevi was seen and E. arloingi was most predominant species among them. Systematic necropsies of naturally died kids of coccidial infection revealed small whitish non-pedunculated nodules in the small intestine. Histopathologically, these nodules revealed papillary hyperplasia of the mucosal epithelium with mild to moderate inflammatory reaction with the presence of developmental stages of Eimeria including trophozoites, schizonts, microgamonts, macrogamonts and oocysts in the epithelium of affected intestinal villi and crypts. The affected animals were successfully treated with amprolium @ dose rate of 2g/40kg body weight.  Significant reduction in the oocysts count (P< 0.01) 7 days post treatment 610.52±201.17 was seen compared to pre treatment values (10685.96±3128.22).

    REFERENCES

    1. Chartier, C. and Paraud, C.(2012). Coccidiosis due to Eimeria in sheep and goats, a review. Small Rumin Res.103(1):84-92.
    2. Daugschies, A. and Najdrowski, M.(2005). Eimeriosis in cattle: current understanding. J. Vet. Med.52:417-427.
    3. Eckert, J., Braun, R., Shirley, M.W. and Coudert, P.(1995). Guidelines on techniques in coccidiosis research. COST 89/820. European Commission, DGXII, pp. 103-117.
    4. Foreyt, W.J.(1990). Coccidiosis and cryptosporidiosis in sheep and goats. Vet. Clin. N Am.6:655-670.
    5. Hashemnia, M., Rezaei, F., Chalechale, A.(2015). Prevalence, intensity, and pathological lesions of Eimeria infection in goats in western Iran. Comp Clin Path.24(4):805-810.
    6. Hashemnia, M., Tafti, A.K., Razavi, S.M. and Nazifi, S.(2012). Experimental caprine coccidiosis caused by Eimeria arloingi: Morphopathologic and electron microscopic studies. Vet. Res. Commun.6(1):47-55.
    7. Iqbal, A., Tariq, K.A., Wazir, V.S. and Singh, R.(2013). Antiparasitic efficacy of Artemisia absinthium, toltrazuril and amprolium against intestinal coccidiosis in goats. J. Parasit Dis.37(1):88–93.
    8. Jubb, K.V.F., Kennedy, P.C. and Palmer, N.(2007). Pathology of Domestic Animals, 5th edn. Academic Press Inc, Saunders Elsevier.
    9. Khillare, B.S. and Narladkar, B.W.(2014). Epidemiology of coccidiosis in caprines of Marathwada region of Maharashtra age, sex, breed and season wise prevalence. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology28:7-13.
    10. Khodakaram Tafti, A. and Mansourian, M.(2008). Pathologic lesions of naturally occurring coccidiosis in sheep and goats. Comparative Clinical Pathology 17:87–91.
    11. Kumar, A,M., Elayaraja, M., Anna, T. and Sundar, N.(2001). Species spectrum of Eimeria in goats of Namakkalarea, Tamil Nadu. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 15:39-41.
    12. McGavin, M.D. and Zachary, J.F.(2011). Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 5th edn. Elsevier Mosby, London.
    13. More, B.V., Lokhande, S.C. and Nikam, S.V.(2015). Observation of Eimeria parva in goat and sheep from Beed, M.S., India. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research 6(3):3076-79.
    14. Radad, K. and Khalil, S.(2011). Coccidiosis, paratuberculosis and enterotoxaemia in Saudi goats. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Pathology 4(3):219–22.
    15. Rehman, T.U., Khan, M.N., Khan, I.A. and Ahmad, M.(2011). Epidemiology and economic benefits of treating goat coccidiosis. Pakistan.Veterinary Journal 31(3): 227-30.
    16. Sharma, D.K., Agrawal, N., Mandal, A., Nigam, P. and Bhushan, S.(2009). Coccidia and gastrointestinal nematode infections in semi- intensively managed Jakhrana goats of semi- arid Region of India. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems 11:135-39.
    17. Singh, U.B. and Sulochana.(1996). Handbook of Histological and Histochemical Technique. 1st edn. Premier Publishing house, Hyderabad.
    18. Singh E, Kaur P, Singla LD and Bal MS (2017). Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism in small ruminants in western zone of Punjab, India. Veterinary world 10(1): 61-66.
    19. Singla LD (1995) A note on sub-clinical gastro-intestinal parasitism in sheep and goats in Ludhiana and Faridkot districts of Punjab. Indian Veterinary Medical Journal 19: 61-62.
    20. Soulsby, E.J.L.(1982). Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. 7th edn. ELBS Bailliare Tindall, London.
    21. Taylor., Coop and Wall.(2007). Veterinary Parasitology. 3rd edn.:Blackwell Publishing. UK pp.175-183.
    22. Young, G., Alley, M.L., Foster, D.M. and Smith, W.(2011). Efficacy of amprolium for the treatment of pathogenic Eimeria species in Boer goat kids. Veterinary Parasitology 178 (3-4):346-349. 
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