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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 53 issue 1 (january 2019) : 105-109,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3460

Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes in camels of hyper-arid partially irrigated zone of Rajasthan

K
K.P. Parmar
A
Abhishek Gupta
P
P.K. Pilania
N
N. Kumar
M
Monika
G
G.S. Manohar
D
Deepak Sumbria
1Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, College of Veterinary & Animal Science, Bikaner-334 001, Rajasthan, India
Cite article:- Parmar K.P., Gupta Abhishek, Pilania P.K., Kumar N., Monika, Manohar G.S., Sumbria Deepak (2018). Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes in camels of hyper-arid partially irrigated zone of Rajasthan. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(1): 105-109. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3460.

ABSTRACT

A total 509 faecal samples were collected from camel population of different age and sex from hyper-arid partially irrigated zone of Rajasthan from March, 2016 to January, 2017.An overall prevalence rate of helminthic infectionswas recorded in 60.70% camelsby conventional faecal examination techniques. Among helminthes, highest prevalence was of strongyles (49.31%) followed by Trichuris sp. (24.75%), Strongyloides sp. (14.14%) and Nematodirus sp.(13.16%). Egg per gram counts of Strongyloides sp, Trichuris sp, and strongyle group was recorded from 100-900 (261.11±40.08); 100-1600 (564.81±23.17) and 100-1900 (624.07±47.73), respectively. Statistical analysis using multivariate binary logistic regression model revealed a highly significant difference (p<0.01) in seasonal dynamics and district wise prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthic infections in camel population whereasage and sex wise prevalence analysis revealed statistically non-significant difference. Coproculture study revealed the presence of Haemonchus sp.,  Trichostrongylus sp., Strongyloides sp. and Nematodirus sp. in the decreasing order of prevalence.

REFERENCES

  1. Abegaz, S. (2016). Concurrent prevalence of Trypanosomes and gastrointestinal parasitism of draught camels in selected District of the Eastern Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Global Veterinaria,16(4):389-398.
  2. Anwar, A.H. and Khan, M.N. (1998). Parasitic fauna of camel in Pakistan. Proceedings of 3rd Annual Meeting for Animal Production under Arid Conditions, 2: 69-76.
  3. Bamaiyi, P.H. and Kalu, A.U. (2011). Gastrointestinal parasites infection in one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) of Nigeria. Veterinary Research Forum,2(4):278-281.
  4. Bekele, T. (2002). Epidemiological studies on gastrointestinal helminths of dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) in semiarid lands of eastern Ethiopia. Veterinary Parasitology,105(2):139-52. 
  5. Birhanu, T., Alebie, A., Giro, B., Chanie, M. (2014). Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes of camels slaughtered at Akaki abattoir, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Acta Parasitologica Globalis,5(3):177-182.
  6. Borji, H.J., Razmi, G., Movassaghi, A.R., Naghibi, A.G., Maleki, M. (2010). A study on gastrointestinal helminths of camels in Mashhad abattoir, Iran. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research,11(2):174-179.
  7. Chaturvedi, V., Tanwar, R.K., Fakhruddin, Chahar, A., Singh, A.P. (2012). Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in camels of Bikaner and Jaisalmer district of Rajasthan. Veterinary Practitioner,13: 82-83.
  8. Coles, G.C., Jackson, F., Pomroy, W.E., Prichard, R.K., Samson-Himmelstjerna, G., Silvestre, A., Taylor, M.A., Vercruysse, J. (2006). Methods for detection of anthelmintics resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance. Veterinary Parasitology, 136 (3-4):167-185.
  9. Croll, N.A. (1975). The influence of temperature on the rate of movement. Advances in Parasitology,13: 113.
  10. Fowler, M.E. (1996). Husbandary and disease of camelids. Scientific technical. Office Internationale des Epizootic,15(1):155-169.
  11. Gorden, H.M.L. (1953). The epidemiology of helminthosis in sheep in winter rainfall regions of Australia: Preliminary observations. Australian Veterinary Journal,29: 337-348.
  12. http://www.bharatonline.com/rajasthan/cities/jaipur/index.html (2012). Temperature data regarding hyper arid partially irrigated zone of Rajasthan.
  13. Hussain, M. (2015). Agro-climatic zones and economic development of Rajasthan. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention,4(2):50-57.
  14. Ibrahim, A.M., Kadle, A.A., Yusuf, A.A. (2016).Gastro-intestinal parasites of camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Mogadishu, Somalia. Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine,6: 112-118.
  15. Joshi, S.P. (1997). Studies on gastrointestinal prarasitosis in camels under irrigated and non irrigated areas of Bikaner district. Master’s Thesis (M.V.Sc). Department of Veterinary Parasitology, CVAS Bikaner.
  16. Kasahun, D., Fikadu, A., Ayalew, N., Teka, F. (2014) Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and efficacy of anthelmintics against nematodes in camels in Yabello District, Southern Ethiopia. Acta Parasitologica Globalis, 5(3): 223-231
  17. Kates, K.C. (1950). Survival on pasture of free-living stages of some common gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington,17:39-58.
  18. Livestock Census, (2012). Department of animal husbandry, dairying and fisheries, Ministry of Agricultural, Government of India.
  19. Lodha, K.R. (1977). Study on helminth parasites in camel of Rajasthan. ICAR Scheme 1973-77. Final Report.
  20. Lodha, K.R., Raisinghani, P.M., Karwasra, R.S. (1977). Chemotherapeutic trials of some anthelmitics against helminth parasites of camels. Indian Journal of Animal Science,48(10):677-682.
  21. Mahfooz, A., Abubakar, M., Bilal, M.Q., Ahmad, T. (2006). Prevalence and chemotherapy of gastrointestinal parasites in camels in and around Faisalabad, Pakistan. Pakistan Veterinary Journal,26(4):209-210.
  22. Mahmoud, M.A., Amin, M.M., Youssef, R.R., El-Kattan, A., Goda, A.S., Abou, T.R. (2008). Studies on some endoparasites of camels in the south-eastern area of Egypt. Suez Canal Veterinary Medicine,13(1):81-92.
  23. Mahmuda, A., Mohammed, A.A., Alayande, M.O., Habila, Y.I., Lawal, M.D., et al. (2014). Prevalence and distribution of gastrointestinal parasites of working camels in Sokoto metropolis. Veterinary World,7(3):108-112.
  24. Muhomed, M., Sibhat, B., Kemal, J. (2017): Camel gastrointestinal helminths in selected districts of Somali regional state, eastern Ethiopia. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 29.
  25. Pandit, B.A., Michael, K., Devarajan, S., Cambra, P.L. (2013). Prevalence of helminth parasites of camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the Anseba region of Eritrea in North east Africa. Journal of Veterinary and Animal science,44:81-82.
  26. Parsani, H.R., Singh, V., Momin, R.R. (2008). Common parasitic diseases of camel. Veterinary world,1(10):317-318.
  27. Partani, A.K., Kumar, D., Manohar, G.S., Bhan, A.K. (1996). Epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes of camel (Camelus dromedarius) at Bikaner (Rajasthan), India. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology,10(1):23-32. 
  28. Partani, A.K., Kumar, D., Manohar, G.S., Bhan, A.K.(1998). Clinical manifestation of natural infection with gastrointestinal nematodes in camels. Journal of Camel Practice and Research,5(2):255-256.
  29. Raisinghani, P.M. (1992). Helminthic diseases of the dromedary camel in India. Proceeding of Ist International conference (Edited by Allen WR; Higgins AJ; Mayhew IG; Snow DH and Wade JF), Dubai 2-6 Feb pp. 105- 106.
  30. Rewatkar, S.G., Deshmukh, S.S., Deshkar, S.K., Maske, D.K., Jumde, P.D., Bhangale, G.N. (2009). Gastrointestinal helminths in migratory camel. Veterinary world7(2):258. 
  31. Sena, D.S., Gorakh, M., Rajender, K., Sahani, M.S. (2000). Prevalence, haematobiochemical studies and chemotherapy of gastrointestinal nematode infection in camels. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology,14(2):151-153.
  32. Sharma, L.K. (1991). Efficacy of some anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes in camels (Camelus dromedarius). Indian Veterinary Journal,68: 1069-1072. 
  33. Sharrif, L., Al-Qudah, K.M., Al-Ani, F.K. (1997). Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Jordan. Journal of Camel Practice and Research,4 (1):67-69
  34. Solanki, J.B. (2011). Epidemiological, haematobiochemical and histopathological aspects of helminth parasites of camels. Doctoral Thesis (Ph.D), Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India.
  35. Solanki, J.B., Hasnani, J.J., Patel, P.V., Naurial, D.S. (2014). Preliminary survey and differentiation of third stage infective larvae of gastrointestinal helminth parasites of camels. Indian Veterinary Journal,91(2):55-58.
  36. Soulsby, E.J.L. (1965). Textbook of Veterinary Clinical Parasitolgy. Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford 1: 279-305.
  37. Soulsby, E.J.L. (1982). Helminths, arthropods and protozoa of domesticated animals. VIIth Edn., Baillere Tindall, London. pp. 216-373.
  38. Swai, E.S., Mushy, W., Mshanga, D., Lutatina, J., Bwanga, S. (2011). Intestinal parasitic infections of camels in the agro and pastoral areas of northern Tanzania. Veterinary Research,4(2):34-38. 
  39. Tajik, J., Moghaddar, S., Nikjou, D., Taleban, Y. (2011). Occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths of Bactrian camel in Iran. Journal of Camel Practice and Research,18(1):103-105.
  40. Tekle, T. and Abebe, G. (2001). Trypanosomosis and helminthoses: Major health Problems of camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the southern rangelands of Borena, Ethiopia. Journal of Camel Practice and Research,8(1):39-42.
  41. Thrusfield, M.(2005). Veterinary Epidemiology, second ed. Blackwell Science Ltd.,U.K.
  42. Ukashatu, S., Saulawab, M.A., Magajic, A.A. (2012). Epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites of one humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) slaughtered in Sokoto central abattoir, Sokoto state, Nigeria. Scientific Journal of Veterinary Advances 1(4):105-109.
  43. Wafa, A.I. and Megrin, A.L. (2015). Prevalence rate of intestinal parasites in camels in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Zoological Research,11(2):65-70.
  44. Yadav, C.L. and Kumar, S. (1990). Trial of albendazole and mebendazole against natural gastrointestinal nematodes of camels. Indian Veterinary Journal,67: 864-866. 
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 1 (january 2019) : 105-109,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3460

    Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes in camels of hyper-arid partially irrigated zone of Rajasthan

    K
    K.P. Parmar
    A
    Abhishek Gupta
    P
    P.K. Pilania
    N
    N. Kumar
    M
    Monika
    G
    G.S. Manohar
    D
    Deepak Sumbria
    1Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, College of Veterinary & Animal Science, Bikaner-334 001, Rajasthan, India
    Cite article:- Parmar K.P., Gupta Abhishek, Pilania P.K., Kumar N., Monika, Manohar G.S., Sumbria Deepak (2018). Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes in camels of hyper-arid partially irrigated zone of Rajasthan. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(1): 105-109. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3460.

    ABSTRACT

    A total 509 faecal samples were collected from camel population of different age and sex from hyper-arid partially irrigated zone of Rajasthan from March, 2016 to January, 2017.An overall prevalence rate of helminthic infectionswas recorded in 60.70% camelsby conventional faecal examination techniques. Among helminthes, highest prevalence was of strongyles (49.31%) followed by Trichuris sp. (24.75%), Strongyloides sp. (14.14%) and Nematodirus sp.(13.16%). Egg per gram counts of Strongyloides sp, Trichuris sp, and strongyle group was recorded from 100-900 (261.11±40.08); 100-1600 (564.81±23.17) and 100-1900 (624.07±47.73), respectively. Statistical analysis using multivariate binary logistic regression model revealed a highly significant difference (p<0.01) in seasonal dynamics and district wise prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthic infections in camel population whereasage and sex wise prevalence analysis revealed statistically non-significant difference. Coproculture study revealed the presence of Haemonchus sp.,  Trichostrongylus sp., Strongyloides sp. and Nematodirus sp. in the decreasing order of prevalence.

    REFERENCES

    1. Abegaz, S. (2016). Concurrent prevalence of Trypanosomes and gastrointestinal parasitism of draught camels in selected District of the Eastern Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Global Veterinaria,16(4):389-398.
    2. Anwar, A.H. and Khan, M.N. (1998). Parasitic fauna of camel in Pakistan. Proceedings of 3rd Annual Meeting for Animal Production under Arid Conditions, 2: 69-76.
    3. Bamaiyi, P.H. and Kalu, A.U. (2011). Gastrointestinal parasites infection in one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) of Nigeria. Veterinary Research Forum,2(4):278-281.
    4. Bekele, T. (2002). Epidemiological studies on gastrointestinal helminths of dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) in semiarid lands of eastern Ethiopia. Veterinary Parasitology,105(2):139-52. 
    5. Birhanu, T., Alebie, A., Giro, B., Chanie, M. (2014). Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes of camels slaughtered at Akaki abattoir, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Acta Parasitologica Globalis,5(3):177-182.
    6. Borji, H.J., Razmi, G., Movassaghi, A.R., Naghibi, A.G., Maleki, M. (2010). A study on gastrointestinal helminths of camels in Mashhad abattoir, Iran. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research,11(2):174-179.
    7. Chaturvedi, V., Tanwar, R.K., Fakhruddin, Chahar, A., Singh, A.P. (2012). Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in camels of Bikaner and Jaisalmer district of Rajasthan. Veterinary Practitioner,13: 82-83.
    8. Coles, G.C., Jackson, F., Pomroy, W.E., Prichard, R.K., Samson-Himmelstjerna, G., Silvestre, A., Taylor, M.A., Vercruysse, J. (2006). Methods for detection of anthelmintics resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance. Veterinary Parasitology, 136 (3-4):167-185.
    9. Croll, N.A. (1975). The influence of temperature on the rate of movement. Advances in Parasitology,13: 113.
    10. Fowler, M.E. (1996). Husbandary and disease of camelids. Scientific technical. Office Internationale des Epizootic,15(1):155-169.
    11. Gorden, H.M.L. (1953). The epidemiology of helminthosis in sheep in winter rainfall regions of Australia: Preliminary observations. Australian Veterinary Journal,29: 337-348.
    12. http://www.bharatonline.com/rajasthan/cities/jaipur/index.html (2012). Temperature data regarding hyper arid partially irrigated zone of Rajasthan.
    13. Hussain, M. (2015). Agro-climatic zones and economic development of Rajasthan. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention,4(2):50-57.
    14. Ibrahim, A.M., Kadle, A.A., Yusuf, A.A. (2016).Gastro-intestinal parasites of camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Mogadishu, Somalia. Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine,6: 112-118.
    15. Joshi, S.P. (1997). Studies on gastrointestinal prarasitosis in camels under irrigated and non irrigated areas of Bikaner district. Master’s Thesis (M.V.Sc). Department of Veterinary Parasitology, CVAS Bikaner.
    16. Kasahun, D., Fikadu, A., Ayalew, N., Teka, F. (2014) Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and efficacy of anthelmintics against nematodes in camels in Yabello District, Southern Ethiopia. Acta Parasitologica Globalis, 5(3): 223-231
    17. Kates, K.C. (1950). Survival on pasture of free-living stages of some common gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington,17:39-58.
    18. Livestock Census, (2012). Department of animal husbandry, dairying and fisheries, Ministry of Agricultural, Government of India.
    19. Lodha, K.R. (1977). Study on helminth parasites in camel of Rajasthan. ICAR Scheme 1973-77. Final Report.
    20. Lodha, K.R., Raisinghani, P.M., Karwasra, R.S. (1977). Chemotherapeutic trials of some anthelmitics against helminth parasites of camels. Indian Journal of Animal Science,48(10):677-682.
    21. Mahfooz, A., Abubakar, M., Bilal, M.Q., Ahmad, T. (2006). Prevalence and chemotherapy of gastrointestinal parasites in camels in and around Faisalabad, Pakistan. Pakistan Veterinary Journal,26(4):209-210.
    22. Mahmoud, M.A., Amin, M.M., Youssef, R.R., El-Kattan, A., Goda, A.S., Abou, T.R. (2008). Studies on some endoparasites of camels in the south-eastern area of Egypt. Suez Canal Veterinary Medicine,13(1):81-92.
    23. Mahmuda, A., Mohammed, A.A., Alayande, M.O., Habila, Y.I., Lawal, M.D., et al. (2014). Prevalence and distribution of gastrointestinal parasites of working camels in Sokoto metropolis. Veterinary World,7(3):108-112.
    24. Muhomed, M., Sibhat, B., Kemal, J. (2017): Camel gastrointestinal helminths in selected districts of Somali regional state, eastern Ethiopia. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 29.
    25. Pandit, B.A., Michael, K., Devarajan, S., Cambra, P.L. (2013). Prevalence of helminth parasites of camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the Anseba region of Eritrea in North east Africa. Journal of Veterinary and Animal science,44:81-82.
    26. Parsani, H.R., Singh, V., Momin, R.R. (2008). Common parasitic diseases of camel. Veterinary world,1(10):317-318.
    27. Partani, A.K., Kumar, D., Manohar, G.S., Bhan, A.K. (1996). Epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes of camel (Camelus dromedarius) at Bikaner (Rajasthan), India. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology,10(1):23-32. 
    28. Partani, A.K., Kumar, D., Manohar, G.S., Bhan, A.K.(1998). Clinical manifestation of natural infection with gastrointestinal nematodes in camels. Journal of Camel Practice and Research,5(2):255-256.
    29. Raisinghani, P.M. (1992). Helminthic diseases of the dromedary camel in India. Proceeding of Ist International conference (Edited by Allen WR; Higgins AJ; Mayhew IG; Snow DH and Wade JF), Dubai 2-6 Feb pp. 105- 106.
    30. Rewatkar, S.G., Deshmukh, S.S., Deshkar, S.K., Maske, D.K., Jumde, P.D., Bhangale, G.N. (2009). Gastrointestinal helminths in migratory camel. Veterinary world7(2):258. 
    31. Sena, D.S., Gorakh, M., Rajender, K., Sahani, M.S. (2000). Prevalence, haematobiochemical studies and chemotherapy of gastrointestinal nematode infection in camels. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology,14(2):151-153.
    32. Sharma, L.K. (1991). Efficacy of some anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes in camels (Camelus dromedarius). Indian Veterinary Journal,68: 1069-1072. 
    33. Sharrif, L., Al-Qudah, K.M., Al-Ani, F.K. (1997). Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Jordan. Journal of Camel Practice and Research,4 (1):67-69
    34. Solanki, J.B. (2011). Epidemiological, haematobiochemical and histopathological aspects of helminth parasites of camels. Doctoral Thesis (Ph.D), Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India.
    35. Solanki, J.B., Hasnani, J.J., Patel, P.V., Naurial, D.S. (2014). Preliminary survey and differentiation of third stage infective larvae of gastrointestinal helminth parasites of camels. Indian Veterinary Journal,91(2):55-58.
    36. Soulsby, E.J.L. (1965). Textbook of Veterinary Clinical Parasitolgy. Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford 1: 279-305.
    37. Soulsby, E.J.L. (1982). Helminths, arthropods and protozoa of domesticated animals. VIIth Edn., Baillere Tindall, London. pp. 216-373.
    38. Swai, E.S., Mushy, W., Mshanga, D., Lutatina, J., Bwanga, S. (2011). Intestinal parasitic infections of camels in the agro and pastoral areas of northern Tanzania. Veterinary Research,4(2):34-38. 
    39. Tajik, J., Moghaddar, S., Nikjou, D., Taleban, Y. (2011). Occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths of Bactrian camel in Iran. Journal of Camel Practice and Research,18(1):103-105.
    40. Tekle, T. and Abebe, G. (2001). Trypanosomosis and helminthoses: Major health Problems of camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the southern rangelands of Borena, Ethiopia. Journal of Camel Practice and Research,8(1):39-42.
    41. Thrusfield, M.(2005). Veterinary Epidemiology, second ed. Blackwell Science Ltd.,U.K.
    42. Ukashatu, S., Saulawab, M.A., Magajic, A.A. (2012). Epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites of one humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) slaughtered in Sokoto central abattoir, Sokoto state, Nigeria. Scientific Journal of Veterinary Advances 1(4):105-109.
    43. Wafa, A.I. and Megrin, A.L. (2015). Prevalence rate of intestinal parasites in camels in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Zoological Research,11(2):65-70.
    44. Yadav, C.L. and Kumar, S. (1990). Trial of albendazole and mebendazole against natural gastrointestinal nematodes of camels. Indian Veterinary Journal,67: 864-866. 
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