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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 53 issue 1 (january 2019) : 115-118,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3443

Detection of Mycoplasma galliseptium infection in chickens from Tamil Nadu State of India 

K
K. Manimaran
A
Adarsh Mishra
S
S. Hemalatha
K
K. Karthik
P
P.I. Ganesan
1Central University Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai-600 051, India.
Cite article:- Manimaran K., Mishra Adarsh, Hemalatha S., Karthik K., Ganesan P.I. (2018). Detection of Mycoplasma galliseptium infection in chickens from Tamil Nadu State of India. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(1): 115-118. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3443.

ABSTRACT

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is one of the major respiratory tract pathogens affecting chickens. It causes Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) among chickens of various age groups. The present study describes the isolation, molecular detection and histopathological changes associated with CRD in chickens. A total of 790 samples viz., trachea, lungs and air sacs were collected from chickens showing the symptoms of CRD from different parts of Tamil Nadu state. All the samples were processed for isolation and molecular detection of MG. A total of 91 samples were found positive by isolation and 105 samples were found positive through MG specific PCR targeting 16S rRNA gene. The histopathological changes in tissue samples of trachea, sinuses, air sacs and lungs collected from naturally infected M. gallisepticum infection were suggestive of subacute to chronic nature of infection. Though isolation is considered to be a gold standard, still PCR is a rapid, sensitive and cheap method for early diagnosis of MG which can help poultry farmers to avoid severe economic loss.

REFERENCES

  1. Amirmozafari, N., Mirnejad, R., Kazemi, B., Sariri, E., Bojari, M.R. and Darkahi, F.D. (2009) Comparison of polymerase chain reaction and culture for detection of genital mycoplasma in clinical samples from patients with genital infections. Saudi Medical Journal 30: 1401-1405.
  2. Bahatti, I., Rizvi, S.A., Sultana, R. and Mustafa, Y.S. (2013) Prevalence and HI titer of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in broiler and layers commercial farms in district Lahore. Science International (Lahore) 25: 159-161.
  3. Feberwee, A., De Vries, T.S. and Landman, W.J. (2008) Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma synoviae in Dutch commercial poultry farms. Avian Pathology 37: 629-633. 
  4. Gaunson, J.E., Philips, C.J., Whithear, K.G. and Browning, G.F. (2000) Lymphocytic infiltration in the chicken trachea in response to Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. Microbiology 146: 1223-1229.
  5. Islam, A., Aslam, A., Chaudhry, Z.I., Ahmed, M.U.D., Rehman, H.U., Saeed, K., Ahmed, I. (2011) Pathology of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in naturally infected broilers and its diagnosis through PCR. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 13: 835-    837.
  6. Kleven, S.H. (1998) Mycoplasmosis In: [Swayne, D.E., Glisson, J.R., Jackwood, M.W., Pearson, J.E., Reed, W.M., (eds.)] A Laboratory Manual for the Isolation and Identification of Avian Pathogens. 4th ed. American Association of Avian Pathologists, Kennet Square, USA: 74-80.
  7. Levisohn, S. and Kleven, S.H. (2000) Avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum). Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) 19: 425-442.
  8. Mukhtar, M., Awais, M.M., Anwar, M.I., Hussain, Z., Bhatti, N. and Ali, S. (2012) Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum among commercial layers in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Journal Basic & Applied Sciences 8: 183-186.
  9. Nascimento, E.R., Yamamoto, R., Herrick, K.R. and Tait, R.C. (1991) Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Avian Diseases 35: 62-69.
  10. Nascimento, E.R., Pereira, V.L.A., Nascimento, M.G.F. and Barreto, M.L. (2005) Avian mycoplasmosis update. Revista Brasileira de Ciencia Avicola, 7: 1-9.
  11. OIE (2008) Avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum, M. synoviae) In: OIE Terrestrial Manual. Chapter 2.3.5. OIE: 482-496.
  12. Rajkumar, S., Reddy, M.R. and Somvanshi, R. (2017) Incidence and risk factors of chronic respiratory disease in Indian poultry flocks. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology 6: 662-668.
  13. Rauf, M., Chaudry, Z.I., Younas, M., Anjum, A.A., Khan, H.M. and Ali, M.A. (2014) Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in experimentally inoculated layer birds by immunohistochemistry. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 24: 385-391.
  14. Sankar, S., Nair, G.K., Mini, M. and Harshan, H.M. (2012) Polymerase chain reaction based detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in chicken. Journal of Indian Veterinary Association Kerala 10: 5-8. 
  15. Sivaseelan,S. Balasubramaniam,G.A. (2013). Predisposing effect of E. coli to Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in layer chicken. Shanlax International Journal of Veterinary Science 1: 1-3.
  16. Slavik, M.F., Wang, R.F. and Cao, W.W. (1993) Development and evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction method for diagnosis of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. Molecular and Cellular Probes 7: 459-463.
  17. Thilagavathy, K., Sivaseelan, S., Balasubramaniam, G.A., and Balasubarmaniam, A. (2016) Pathology of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in naturally infected layer birds. Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology 40: 337-340.
  18. Uddin, M.B., Ahmed, S.S.U., Hassan, M.M., Khan, S.A. and Mamun, M.A. (2010) Prevalence of poultry diseases at Narsingdi, Bangladesh. International Journal of Biological Research 1: 9-13.
  19. Zahraa, F., Aini, I., Mohd, H.B., Abdul Rahman, O. and Tan, C.G. (2011) The prevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens from peninsular Malaysia. Journal Animal and Veterinary Advances 10: 1867-1874. 
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 1 (january 2019) : 115-118,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3443

    Detection of Mycoplasma galliseptium infection in chickens from Tamil Nadu State of India 

    K
    K. Manimaran
    A
    Adarsh Mishra
    S
    S. Hemalatha
    K
    K. Karthik
    P
    P.I. Ganesan
    1Central University Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai-600 051, India.
    Cite article:- Manimaran K., Mishra Adarsh, Hemalatha S., Karthik K., Ganesan P.I. (2018). Detection of Mycoplasma galliseptium infection in chickens from Tamil Nadu State of India. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(1): 115-118. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3443.

    ABSTRACT

    Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is one of the major respiratory tract pathogens affecting chickens. It causes Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) among chickens of various age groups. The present study describes the isolation, molecular detection and histopathological changes associated with CRD in chickens. A total of 790 samples viz., trachea, lungs and air sacs were collected from chickens showing the symptoms of CRD from different parts of Tamil Nadu state. All the samples were processed for isolation and molecular detection of MG. A total of 91 samples were found positive by isolation and 105 samples were found positive through MG specific PCR targeting 16S rRNA gene. The histopathological changes in tissue samples of trachea, sinuses, air sacs and lungs collected from naturally infected M. gallisepticum infection were suggestive of subacute to chronic nature of infection. Though isolation is considered to be a gold standard, still PCR is a rapid, sensitive and cheap method for early diagnosis of MG which can help poultry farmers to avoid severe economic loss.

    REFERENCES

    1. Amirmozafari, N., Mirnejad, R., Kazemi, B., Sariri, E., Bojari, M.R. and Darkahi, F.D. (2009) Comparison of polymerase chain reaction and culture for detection of genital mycoplasma in clinical samples from patients with genital infections. Saudi Medical Journal 30: 1401-1405.
    2. Bahatti, I., Rizvi, S.A., Sultana, R. and Mustafa, Y.S. (2013) Prevalence and HI titer of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in broiler and layers commercial farms in district Lahore. Science International (Lahore) 25: 159-161.
    3. Feberwee, A., De Vries, T.S. and Landman, W.J. (2008) Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma synoviae in Dutch commercial poultry farms. Avian Pathology 37: 629-633. 
    4. Gaunson, J.E., Philips, C.J., Whithear, K.G. and Browning, G.F. (2000) Lymphocytic infiltration in the chicken trachea in response to Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. Microbiology 146: 1223-1229.
    5. Islam, A., Aslam, A., Chaudhry, Z.I., Ahmed, M.U.D., Rehman, H.U., Saeed, K., Ahmed, I. (2011) Pathology of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in naturally infected broilers and its diagnosis through PCR. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 13: 835-    837.
    6. Kleven, S.H. (1998) Mycoplasmosis In: [Swayne, D.E., Glisson, J.R., Jackwood, M.W., Pearson, J.E., Reed, W.M., (eds.)] A Laboratory Manual for the Isolation and Identification of Avian Pathogens. 4th ed. American Association of Avian Pathologists, Kennet Square, USA: 74-80.
    7. Levisohn, S. and Kleven, S.H. (2000) Avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum). Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) 19: 425-442.
    8. Mukhtar, M., Awais, M.M., Anwar, M.I., Hussain, Z., Bhatti, N. and Ali, S. (2012) Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum among commercial layers in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Journal Basic & Applied Sciences 8: 183-186.
    9. Nascimento, E.R., Yamamoto, R., Herrick, K.R. and Tait, R.C. (1991) Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Avian Diseases 35: 62-69.
    10. Nascimento, E.R., Pereira, V.L.A., Nascimento, M.G.F. and Barreto, M.L. (2005) Avian mycoplasmosis update. Revista Brasileira de Ciencia Avicola, 7: 1-9.
    11. OIE (2008) Avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum, M. synoviae) In: OIE Terrestrial Manual. Chapter 2.3.5. OIE: 482-496.
    12. Rajkumar, S., Reddy, M.R. and Somvanshi, R. (2017) Incidence and risk factors of chronic respiratory disease in Indian poultry flocks. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology 6: 662-668.
    13. Rauf, M., Chaudry, Z.I., Younas, M., Anjum, A.A., Khan, H.M. and Ali, M.A. (2014) Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in experimentally inoculated layer birds by immunohistochemistry. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 24: 385-391.
    14. Sankar, S., Nair, G.K., Mini, M. and Harshan, H.M. (2012) Polymerase chain reaction based detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in chicken. Journal of Indian Veterinary Association Kerala 10: 5-8. 
    15. Sivaseelan,S. Balasubramaniam,G.A. (2013). Predisposing effect of E. coli to Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in layer chicken. Shanlax International Journal of Veterinary Science 1: 1-3.
    16. Slavik, M.F., Wang, R.F. and Cao, W.W. (1993) Development and evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction method for diagnosis of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. Molecular and Cellular Probes 7: 459-463.
    17. Thilagavathy, K., Sivaseelan, S., Balasubramaniam, G.A., and Balasubarmaniam, A. (2016) Pathology of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in naturally infected layer birds. Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology 40: 337-340.
    18. Uddin, M.B., Ahmed, S.S.U., Hassan, M.M., Khan, S.A. and Mamun, M.A. (2010) Prevalence of poultry diseases at Narsingdi, Bangladesh. International Journal of Biological Research 1: 9-13.
    19. Zahraa, F., Aini, I., Mohd, H.B., Abdul Rahman, O. and Tan, C.G. (2011) The prevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens from peninsular Malaysia. Journal Animal and Veterinary Advances 10: 1867-1874. 
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