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Research Article

volume 52 issue 12 (december 2018) : 1762-1765,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3434

Oxidant markers and their impact on antioxidant status and erythrocyte fragility in theileriasis in calves

B
Bipin Kumar
D
D.B. Mondal
M
M.V. Jithin
1Divison of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243 122, Uttar Pradesh India.
Cite article:- Kumar Bipin, Mondal D.B., Jithin M.V. (2018). Oxidant markers and their impact on antioxidant status and erythrocyte fragility in theileriasis in calves. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(12): 1762-1765. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3434.

ABSTRACT

The present study has been carried out on the calves less than one month of age suffering from clinical Theileriosis. All the cases came to Referral veterinary polyclinic, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly for treatment during 2015. Erythrocytic LPO in clinically affected calves were significantly (P<0.05) higher than healthy animals. GSH, and SOD values in ailing calves were significantly (P<0.05) lower than healthy control and postreated calves. Catalase was also higher in infected calves but non significant. The hemoglobin concentration was significantly (P<0.05) lower in ailing animals. The erythrocyte fragility at 0.9%, 0.8% and 0.6% NaCl concentration was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control group. However, there were less erythrocytic fragility observed in NaCl 0.4% and 0.2% concentration in infected animals. In conclusion, anemia occurs in Theileria annulata infection is due to corpuscular oxidative damage as revealed from lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status which contribute to RBC fragility and consequent anemia.

REFERENCES

  1. Asri Rezaei, S. and Dalir-Naghadeh, B. (2006): Evaluation of antioxidant status and oxidative stress in cattle infected with Theileria annulata. Vet. Parasitol., 142: 179–186.
  2. Baker, N.,Shipley, R.A. and Clark,R.E.(1965). studies in carbohydrate metabolism: glucose pool size and rate of turnover in the normal rat. Amer. J. Physiol., 196: 245.
  3. Brown, CG., Ilhan, T., Kirvar, E., Thomas, M., Wilkie, G., Leemans, I. and Hooshman-Rad, P.(1998). Theileria lestoquardi and T. annulata in cattle, sheep, and goats. In vitro and in vivo studies. Ann N Y Acad Sci., 849:44-51.
  4. Brunet, L.R.,(2001). Nitric oxide in parasitic infections. International Immunopharmacology, 1, 1457–1467.
  5. Beutler, E., Duron, O. and Kelly, B.M.(1963). Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione. J Lab Clin Med., 61-882-8.
  6. Chanarin, I.( 1989):Laboratory Haematology: An Account of LaboratoryTechniques; Churchill Livingstone, New York.
  7. Devasena, T., Lalitha, S. and Padma, K.(2001).Lipid peroxidation, osmotic fragility and antioxidant status in children with acute post-    streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Clinica chimica Acta., 308:155-161.
  8. D’Oliveira, C.,Van der Weide, M., Habela, M.A., Jacquiet, P. and Jonqeian, F.(1995). Detection of Theileria annulata in blood samples of carrier cattle by PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol., 13: 2665–2669.
  9. Friedman, M.I.(1979). Oxygen damage mediates variant red cell resistance to malaria. Nature., 280: 245–247.
  10. Grewal, A.(2005). Status of lipid peroxidation, some antioxidant enzymes and erythrocytic fragility of crossbred cattle naturally infected with Theileria annuluta. Vet. Res. Commun. 29: 387–394.
  11. Haider, M.J.(1992). Hematological study of water buffalo (Bubalis bubalis) during theileriosis(T.annulata). Annals of the Newyork Academy of Sciences., 653:191-193.
  12. Harvey, J.W. (1997).The erythrocyte: physiology, metabolism and biochemical disorders.In:clinical biochemistry of Domestic Animals, 5th edn,(Academic Press, New York)182-184.
  13. Harvey, J.W., (1989). Erythrocyte metabolism. In: [Kaneko, J.J. (Ed.)],Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. fourth ed. Academic Press, New York, pp. 185–233.
  14. Hooshmand-Rad, P. (1976). The pathogenesis of anemia in Theileria annulata infection. Res. Vet. Sci.,20: 324–329.
  15. Jain, N.C.(1993). Essentials of Veterinary Hematology. Lea and Febiger Publication, Philadelphia, p389.
  16. Marklund, S. and Marklund, G.(1974)..Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem. 47(3):469-74.
  17. May, J.M., Qu,Z.C. and Mendiratta,S. (1998). Protection and recycling of alfa-tocopherol in human erythrocytes by intracellular ascorbic acid. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysic ., 349:281-289.
  18. Nazifi, S., Razavi, S.M., Mansourian, M., Nikahval, B. and Moghaddam, M.(2008). Studies on correlation among parasitemia and some hemolytic indices in two tropical diseases (theileriosis and anaplasmosis) in Fars province of Iran. Trop. Anim. Health Prod.,40: 47–53.
  19. Nazifi, S.(2009). Effect of the severity of Theileria annulata infection on some hematological parameters and antioxidant enzymes in naturally infected cattle. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 12: 63–71.
  20. Naziroglu, M.,Saki,C.E. and Sevgili,M.(1999): The effect of buparvaquone treatment on the level of some antioxidant vitamins lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase in cattle with Theileriosis. Journal of Veterinary Medicine., 46: 233-239.
  21. Omer, O.H., El-Malik, K.H., Megzoub, M., Mahmoud, O.M., Haroun, E.M., Hawas, A. and Omar, H.M. (2003). Biochemical profiles in Friesian cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata in Saudi Arabia. Vet. Res. Commun., 27: 15–25.
  22. Placer, Z.A., Cushman, L.L. and Jhonson, B.C.(1966). Estimation of product of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) in biochemical systems. Anal. Biochem., 16: 359-364.
  23. Razavi, S.M., Nazif, S., Kianiamin,P. and Rakhshandehroo, E.(2011). Alterations of erythrocyte antioxidant mechanisms: Antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and serum trace elements associated with anemia in bovine tropical theileriosis, Veterinary Parasitology., 180 : 209– 214.
  24. Sahu, A., Patra, K.C., Pathak, N.N., Dwedi, S.K. and Dash, D.K.(2001): Enhanced lipid peroxide level in erythrocytes of calves with hemoglobinuria. Veterinary Research Communication., 25:55-59.
  25. Saleh, M.A., Mahran,O.M. and Al-Sahay, M.B.(2011). Corpuscular oxidation in newborn crossbred calves naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Veterinary Parasitology.,182:193–200.
  26. Saluja, P.S., Gupta, S.L., Malhotra,D.V. and Ambawat, H.K.(1999): Plasma malondialdehyde in experimental Theileria annulata infected crossbred bovine calves. Indian Vet. J.,76: 379–381.
  27. Shiono, H., Yagi, Y., Chikayama, Y., Miyazaki, S. and Nakamura, I. (2003).The influence of oxidative bursts of phagocytes on red blood cell oxidation in anemic cattle infected withTheileria sergenti. Free Radic. Res. 37: 1181–1189.
  28. Shiono, H., Yagi, Y., Kumar, A., Yamanaka, M. and Chikayama, Y.(2004). Accelerated binding of autoantibody to red blood cells with increasing anemia in cattle experimentally infected with Theileria sergenti. J. Vet. Med. 51: 39–42.
  29. Slaughter, M.R. and O’Brien, PJ.(2000).Fully-automated spectrophotometric method for measurement of antioxidant activity of catalase. Clin Biochem., 33 (7):525-34.
  30. Soulsby, E.J.L. (1982). Helminthes, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. Bailliere Tindal, London. p728.
  31. Stockham, S.L. and Scott, M.A. (2002). Fundamentals of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. Iowa State University Press, USA. p 433.
  32. Wagner, G.M. (1988). Oxidative damage to red blood cell. In: C.K.Chow(ed), cellular antioxidant defence machanisms,vol.1 (CRC Press, Boca Raton,FL) p185-195.
  33. Winterbour, C.C.(1990). Oxidative denaturation in congenital hemolytic anemia: the unstable hemoglobins. Seminars in Hematology;. 27: 41–50.
  34. Woldehiwet, Z. (2010).The natural history of Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Vet Parasitol; 167:108–122.
  35. Yagi, Y., Furuuchi, S.,Takahashi, H. and Koyama, H.(1989).Abnormality of osmotic fragility and morphological disorder of bovine erythrocytes infected with T. sergenti, Japan. J. Vet. Sci. 51: 389–395.
  36. Yagi, K.(1998). Simple assay for the level of total lipid peroxides in serum or plasma. Methods Mol. Biol., 108: 101–106. 
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    Research Article

    volume 52 issue 12 (december 2018) : 1762-1765,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3434

    Oxidant markers and their impact on antioxidant status and erythrocyte fragility in theileriasis in calves

    B
    Bipin Kumar
    D
    D.B. Mondal
    M
    M.V. Jithin
    1Divison of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243 122, Uttar Pradesh India.
    Cite article:- Kumar Bipin, Mondal D.B., Jithin M.V. (2018). Oxidant markers and their impact on antioxidant status and erythrocyte fragility in theileriasis in calves. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(12): 1762-1765. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3434.

    ABSTRACT

    The present study has been carried out on the calves less than one month of age suffering from clinical Theileriosis. All the cases came to Referral veterinary polyclinic, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly for treatment during 2015. Erythrocytic LPO in clinically affected calves were significantly (P<0.05) higher than healthy animals. GSH, and SOD values in ailing calves were significantly (P<0.05) lower than healthy control and postreated calves. Catalase was also higher in infected calves but non significant. The hemoglobin concentration was significantly (P<0.05) lower in ailing animals. The erythrocyte fragility at 0.9%, 0.8% and 0.6% NaCl concentration was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control group. However, there were less erythrocytic fragility observed in NaCl 0.4% and 0.2% concentration in infected animals. In conclusion, anemia occurs in Theileria annulata infection is due to corpuscular oxidative damage as revealed from lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status which contribute to RBC fragility and consequent anemia.

    REFERENCES

    1. Asri Rezaei, S. and Dalir-Naghadeh, B. (2006): Evaluation of antioxidant status and oxidative stress in cattle infected with Theileria annulata. Vet. Parasitol., 142: 179–186.
    2. Baker, N.,Shipley, R.A. and Clark,R.E.(1965). studies in carbohydrate metabolism: glucose pool size and rate of turnover in the normal rat. Amer. J. Physiol., 196: 245.
    3. Brown, CG., Ilhan, T., Kirvar, E., Thomas, M., Wilkie, G., Leemans, I. and Hooshman-Rad, P.(1998). Theileria lestoquardi and T. annulata in cattle, sheep, and goats. In vitro and in vivo studies. Ann N Y Acad Sci., 849:44-51.
    4. Brunet, L.R.,(2001). Nitric oxide in parasitic infections. International Immunopharmacology, 1, 1457–1467.
    5. Beutler, E., Duron, O. and Kelly, B.M.(1963). Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione. J Lab Clin Med., 61-882-8.
    6. Chanarin, I.( 1989):Laboratory Haematology: An Account of LaboratoryTechniques; Churchill Livingstone, New York.
    7. Devasena, T., Lalitha, S. and Padma, K.(2001).Lipid peroxidation, osmotic fragility and antioxidant status in children with acute post-    streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Clinica chimica Acta., 308:155-161.
    8. D’Oliveira, C.,Van der Weide, M., Habela, M.A., Jacquiet, P. and Jonqeian, F.(1995). Detection of Theileria annulata in blood samples of carrier cattle by PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol., 13: 2665–2669.
    9. Friedman, M.I.(1979). Oxygen damage mediates variant red cell resistance to malaria. Nature., 280: 245–247.
    10. Grewal, A.(2005). Status of lipid peroxidation, some antioxidant enzymes and erythrocytic fragility of crossbred cattle naturally infected with Theileria annuluta. Vet. Res. Commun. 29: 387–394.
    11. Haider, M.J.(1992). Hematological study of water buffalo (Bubalis bubalis) during theileriosis(T.annulata). Annals of the Newyork Academy of Sciences., 653:191-193.
    12. Harvey, J.W. (1997).The erythrocyte: physiology, metabolism and biochemical disorders.In:clinical biochemistry of Domestic Animals, 5th edn,(Academic Press, New York)182-184.
    13. Harvey, J.W., (1989). Erythrocyte metabolism. In: [Kaneko, J.J. (Ed.)],Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. fourth ed. Academic Press, New York, pp. 185–233.
    14. Hooshmand-Rad, P. (1976). The pathogenesis of anemia in Theileria annulata infection. Res. Vet. Sci.,20: 324–329.
    15. Jain, N.C.(1993). Essentials of Veterinary Hematology. Lea and Febiger Publication, Philadelphia, p389.
    16. Marklund, S. and Marklund, G.(1974)..Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem. 47(3):469-74.
    17. May, J.M., Qu,Z.C. and Mendiratta,S. (1998). Protection and recycling of alfa-tocopherol in human erythrocytes by intracellular ascorbic acid. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysic ., 349:281-289.
    18. Nazifi, S., Razavi, S.M., Mansourian, M., Nikahval, B. and Moghaddam, M.(2008). Studies on correlation among parasitemia and some hemolytic indices in two tropical diseases (theileriosis and anaplasmosis) in Fars province of Iran. Trop. Anim. Health Prod.,40: 47–53.
    19. Nazifi, S.(2009). Effect of the severity of Theileria annulata infection on some hematological parameters and antioxidant enzymes in naturally infected cattle. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 12: 63–71.
    20. Naziroglu, M.,Saki,C.E. and Sevgili,M.(1999): The effect of buparvaquone treatment on the level of some antioxidant vitamins lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase in cattle with Theileriosis. Journal of Veterinary Medicine., 46: 233-239.
    21. Omer, O.H., El-Malik, K.H., Megzoub, M., Mahmoud, O.M., Haroun, E.M., Hawas, A. and Omar, H.M. (2003). Biochemical profiles in Friesian cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata in Saudi Arabia. Vet. Res. Commun., 27: 15–25.
    22. Placer, Z.A., Cushman, L.L. and Jhonson, B.C.(1966). Estimation of product of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) in biochemical systems. Anal. Biochem., 16: 359-364.
    23. Razavi, S.M., Nazif, S., Kianiamin,P. and Rakhshandehroo, E.(2011). Alterations of erythrocyte antioxidant mechanisms: Antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and serum trace elements associated with anemia in bovine tropical theileriosis, Veterinary Parasitology., 180 : 209– 214.
    24. Sahu, A., Patra, K.C., Pathak, N.N., Dwedi, S.K. and Dash, D.K.(2001): Enhanced lipid peroxide level in erythrocytes of calves with hemoglobinuria. Veterinary Research Communication., 25:55-59.
    25. Saleh, M.A., Mahran,O.M. and Al-Sahay, M.B.(2011). Corpuscular oxidation in newborn crossbred calves naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Veterinary Parasitology.,182:193–200.
    26. Saluja, P.S., Gupta, S.L., Malhotra,D.V. and Ambawat, H.K.(1999): Plasma malondialdehyde in experimental Theileria annulata infected crossbred bovine calves. Indian Vet. J.,76: 379–381.
    27. Shiono, H., Yagi, Y., Chikayama, Y., Miyazaki, S. and Nakamura, I. (2003).The influence of oxidative bursts of phagocytes on red blood cell oxidation in anemic cattle infected withTheileria sergenti. Free Radic. Res. 37: 1181–1189.
    28. Shiono, H., Yagi, Y., Kumar, A., Yamanaka, M. and Chikayama, Y.(2004). Accelerated binding of autoantibody to red blood cells with increasing anemia in cattle experimentally infected with Theileria sergenti. J. Vet. Med. 51: 39–42.
    29. Slaughter, M.R. and O’Brien, PJ.(2000).Fully-automated spectrophotometric method for measurement of antioxidant activity of catalase. Clin Biochem., 33 (7):525-34.
    30. Soulsby, E.J.L. (1982). Helminthes, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. Bailliere Tindal, London. p728.
    31. Stockham, S.L. and Scott, M.A. (2002). Fundamentals of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. Iowa State University Press, USA. p 433.
    32. Wagner, G.M. (1988). Oxidative damage to red blood cell. In: C.K.Chow(ed), cellular antioxidant defence machanisms,vol.1 (CRC Press, Boca Raton,FL) p185-195.
    33. Winterbour, C.C.(1990). Oxidative denaturation in congenital hemolytic anemia: the unstable hemoglobins. Seminars in Hematology;. 27: 41–50.
    34. Woldehiwet, Z. (2010).The natural history of Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Vet Parasitol; 167:108–122.
    35. Yagi, Y., Furuuchi, S.,Takahashi, H. and Koyama, H.(1989).Abnormality of osmotic fragility and morphological disorder of bovine erythrocytes infected with T. sergenti, Japan. J. Vet. Sci. 51: 389–395.
    36. Yagi, K.(1998). Simple assay for the level of total lipid peroxides in serum or plasma. Methods Mol. Biol., 108: 101–106. 
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