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Research Article

volume 52 issue 12 (december 2018) : 1809-1813,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3421

Evaluation of hydroponics fodder as a partial feed substitute in the ration of crossbred calves
 

G
G. Rajkumar
M
M.T. Dipu
K
K. Lalu
K
K. Shyama
P
P.S. Banakar
1Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Thrissur-680 651, Kerala, India
Cite article:- Rajkumar G., Dipu M.T., Lalu K., Shyama K., Banakar P.S. (2018). Evaluation of hydroponics fodder as a partial feed substitute in the ration of crossbred calves. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(12): 1809-1813. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3421.

ABSTRACT

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of maize green fodder produced by hydroponics system on the performance of eighteen weaned crossbred calves and Calves were divided into three groups T1, T2 and T3 of six each as uniformly. The calf starter in dietary treatments T1, T2 and T3 contained 24, 20 and 17 per cent of Crude Protein (CP), respectively and 70 per cent Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN). The T2 and T3 treatments were made iso-nitrogenous with T1 by supplementing hydroponics maize fodder. The results obtained in the present study showed significant difference among different treatment groups regarding Dry matter intake (DM), total body weight gain, Average daily gain (ADG) and Feed conversion ratio (FCR) with a higher (P<0.05) values observed for calves belonging to T3 than groups T1 and T2. Data on digestibility of nutrients does not reveal any difference (P>0.05) among treatment groups. Cost per kg gain was significantly (P<0.05) lower in T3 (Rs.102.14) than groups T2 (Rs. 111.64) and T1 (Rs. 119.82). On conclusion, feeding of hydroponics maize fodder as a partial feed substitute of calf starter on protein basis at seven per cent level improves the DM intake, total body weight gain, ADG and lowers the cost per kg body weight gain. 

REFERENCES

  1. AOAC. (2012). Official Methods of Analysis. Nineteenth edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC, 684p.
  2. BIS. (1983). Bureau of Indian Standards. Specification for compounded feeds for young stock: IS: 5569-1970. Manak Bhavan, 9, Bhahaadur shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi. 15p.
  3. Dung, D.D., Godwin, I.R. and Nolan, J.V. (2010b). Digestive characteristics, ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids levels in sheep fed oaten chaff supplemented with grimmett barley grain, freeze-dried or fresh barley sprouts. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 9(19): 2493-2501.
  4. Dung, D.D., Godwin, I.R. and Nolan, J.V. (2010a). Nutrient content and in sacco degradation of hydroponic barley sprouts grown using nutrient solution or tap water. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 9 (18): 2432-2436. 
  5. Fayed, A.M. (2011). Comparative study and feed evaluation of sprouted barley grains on rice straw versus Tamarix mannifera on performance of growing barki lambs in Sinai. Journal of American Science. 7:954–961.
  6. Fazaeli, H., Golmohammadi, H.A., Shoayee, A.A., Montajebi, N. and Mosharraf, S.H. (2011). Performance of feedlot calves fed hydroponics fodder barley. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 13: 367-375.
  7. Gebremedhin, W.K. (2015a). Nutritional benefit and economic value of feeding hydroponically grown maize and barley fodder for Konkan Kanyal goats. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science. 24-30. 
  8. Helal, H.G.( 2015). Sprouted barley grains on olive cake and barley straw mixture as goat diets in Sinai. Advances in Environmental Biology. 9(22): 91-102. 
  9. Hillier, R. J. and Perry, T.W. (1969). Effect of hydroponically produced oat grass on ration digestibility of cattle. Journal of Animal Science. 29: 783-785.
  10. ICAR. (2013). Nutrient Requirement of Cattle and Buffalo. Indian Council of Agriculture and Research, New Delhi, 30-34p.
  11. Khanna, C., Rao, E.R., Kumar, D.S. and Seshaiah, V. Effect of feeding rations supplemented with hydroponic maize fodder on nutrient utilization, milk yield and milk composition in lactating graded murrah buffaloes. In: Compendium, National Symposium on Innovative Approaches for Animal Feeding and Nutritional Research. 6th to 8th February, 2016, Karnal. ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute. p. 200-201.
  12. Naik, P.K., Dhuri, R.B., Swain, B.K., Karunakaran, M., Chakurkar, E.B. and Singh, N.P. (2013a). Analysis of existing dairy farming in Goa. Indian Journal of Animal Science. 83(3): 299–303. 
  13. Naik, P.K., Dhuri, R.B., Karunakaran, M., Swain, B.K. and Singh, N.P. (2014). Effect of feeding hydroponics maize fodder on digestibility of nutrients and milk production in lactating cows. Indian Journal of Animal Science. 84 (8): 880-883.
  14. Snedecor, G. W. and Cochran, W.G. 1994. Statistical Methods, Iowa State University Press, Iowa, USA, 313p.
  15. Verma, S., Singh, A., Kalra, A. and Saxena, M.J. (2015). Effect of feeding hydroponics barley (Hordeum vulgare) fodder on nutrient utilization, growth, blood metabolites and cost effectiveness in Hariyana male calves. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition. 32(1): 10-14.
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    Research Article

    volume 52 issue 12 (december 2018) : 1809-1813,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3421

    Evaluation of hydroponics fodder as a partial feed substitute in the ration of crossbred calves
     

    G
    G. Rajkumar
    M
    M.T. Dipu
    K
    K. Lalu
    K
    K. Shyama
    P
    P.S. Banakar
    1Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Thrissur-680 651, Kerala, India
    Cite article:- Rajkumar G., Dipu M.T., Lalu K., Shyama K., Banakar P.S. (2018). Evaluation of hydroponics fodder as a partial feed substitute in the ration of crossbred calves. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(12): 1809-1813. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3421.

    ABSTRACT

    An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of maize green fodder produced by hydroponics system on the performance of eighteen weaned crossbred calves and Calves were divided into three groups T1, T2 and T3 of six each as uniformly. The calf starter in dietary treatments T1, T2 and T3 contained 24, 20 and 17 per cent of Crude Protein (CP), respectively and 70 per cent Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN). The T2 and T3 treatments were made iso-nitrogenous with T1 by supplementing hydroponics maize fodder. The results obtained in the present study showed significant difference among different treatment groups regarding Dry matter intake (DM), total body weight gain, Average daily gain (ADG) and Feed conversion ratio (FCR) with a higher (P<0.05) values observed for calves belonging to T3 than groups T1 and T2. Data on digestibility of nutrients does not reveal any difference (P>0.05) among treatment groups. Cost per kg gain was significantly (P<0.05) lower in T3 (Rs.102.14) than groups T2 (Rs. 111.64) and T1 (Rs. 119.82). On conclusion, feeding of hydroponics maize fodder as a partial feed substitute of calf starter on protein basis at seven per cent level improves the DM intake, total body weight gain, ADG and lowers the cost per kg body weight gain. 

    REFERENCES

    1. AOAC. (2012). Official Methods of Analysis. Nineteenth edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC, 684p.
    2. BIS. (1983). Bureau of Indian Standards. Specification for compounded feeds for young stock: IS: 5569-1970. Manak Bhavan, 9, Bhahaadur shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi. 15p.
    3. Dung, D.D., Godwin, I.R. and Nolan, J.V. (2010b). Digestive characteristics, ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids levels in sheep fed oaten chaff supplemented with grimmett barley grain, freeze-dried or fresh barley sprouts. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 9(19): 2493-2501.
    4. Dung, D.D., Godwin, I.R. and Nolan, J.V. (2010a). Nutrient content and in sacco degradation of hydroponic barley sprouts grown using nutrient solution or tap water. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 9 (18): 2432-2436. 
    5. Fayed, A.M. (2011). Comparative study and feed evaluation of sprouted barley grains on rice straw versus Tamarix mannifera on performance of growing barki lambs in Sinai. Journal of American Science. 7:954–961.
    6. Fazaeli, H., Golmohammadi, H.A., Shoayee, A.A., Montajebi, N. and Mosharraf, S.H. (2011). Performance of feedlot calves fed hydroponics fodder barley. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 13: 367-375.
    7. Gebremedhin, W.K. (2015a). Nutritional benefit and economic value of feeding hydroponically grown maize and barley fodder for Konkan Kanyal goats. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science. 24-30. 
    8. Helal, H.G.( 2015). Sprouted barley grains on olive cake and barley straw mixture as goat diets in Sinai. Advances in Environmental Biology. 9(22): 91-102. 
    9. Hillier, R. J. and Perry, T.W. (1969). Effect of hydroponically produced oat grass on ration digestibility of cattle. Journal of Animal Science. 29: 783-785.
    10. ICAR. (2013). Nutrient Requirement of Cattle and Buffalo. Indian Council of Agriculture and Research, New Delhi, 30-34p.
    11. Khanna, C., Rao, E.R., Kumar, D.S. and Seshaiah, V. Effect of feeding rations supplemented with hydroponic maize fodder on nutrient utilization, milk yield and milk composition in lactating graded murrah buffaloes. In: Compendium, National Symposium on Innovative Approaches for Animal Feeding and Nutritional Research. 6th to 8th February, 2016, Karnal. ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute. p. 200-201.
    12. Naik, P.K., Dhuri, R.B., Swain, B.K., Karunakaran, M., Chakurkar, E.B. and Singh, N.P. (2013a). Analysis of existing dairy farming in Goa. Indian Journal of Animal Science. 83(3): 299–303. 
    13. Naik, P.K., Dhuri, R.B., Karunakaran, M., Swain, B.K. and Singh, N.P. (2014). Effect of feeding hydroponics maize fodder on digestibility of nutrients and milk production in lactating cows. Indian Journal of Animal Science. 84 (8): 880-883.
    14. Snedecor, G. W. and Cochran, W.G. 1994. Statistical Methods, Iowa State University Press, Iowa, USA, 313p.
    15. Verma, S., Singh, A., Kalra, A. and Saxena, M.J. (2015). Effect of feeding hydroponics barley (Hordeum vulgare) fodder on nutrient utilization, growth, blood metabolites and cost effectiveness in Hariyana male calves. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition. 32(1): 10-14.
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