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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 52 issue 1 (january 2018) : 99-104,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3411

Rotavirus A associated pathology of intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes and  occurrence in bovine calves of Gwalior and Bareilly regions

G
Gayatri Kashyap
R
R. Singh
Y
Y.S. Malik
R
R.K. Agrawal
K
K.P. Singh
P
P. Kumar
R
Rahul Singh
D
D. Gupta.
1Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Cite article:- Kashyap Gayatri, Singh R., Malik Y.S., Agrawal R.K., Singh K.P., Kumar P., Singh Rahul, Gupta. D. (2018). Rotavirus A associated pathology of intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes and occurrence in bovine calves of Gwalior and Bareilly regions. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(1): 99-104. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3411.

ABSTRACT

To understand the pathology of natural cases of rotavirus (RVA) in bovine calves, a total of 40 cases below 6 months died due to diarrhoea were studied, out of which 7 cases (17.5%) turned positive for RVA by RT-PCR. Histopathology of small intestine showed loss of villous enterocytes, blunting and fusion of villi, elongation of crypts and mononuclear cells infiltration in the lamina-propria. The mesenteric lymph nodes were severely depleted of lymphocytes. These changes were corroborated with presence of RVA antigen in sections by dFAT and nucleic acid by RT-PCR. The fluorescent signals were more in mesenteric lymph nodes than in intestine. Besides, 115 rectal fecal samples were also collected from calves for RVA detection by RT-PCR using VP6 gene specific sets of primers. Dead carcasses of calves (n= 40) belonged to organized dairy farm of Bareilly, while rectal fecal samples belonged to both organized (n= 38) and unorganized farms (n= 77) of Bareilly and Gwalior. The overall occurrence of RVA was 19.3% (30/155), comprising 5/37 cases (13.5%) from Gwalior (MP) and 25/118 cases (21.1%) from Bareilly (UP). These findings suggest the infection of RVA widely prevalent in calves and have potential to escape from the intestinal site to mesenteric lymph nodes.

REFERENCES

  1. Basera SS, Singh R, Vaid N, Sharma K, Chakravarti S and Malik YPS.(2010). Detection of rotavirus infection in bovine calves by RNA-PAGE and RT-PCR. Indian J Virol, 21: 144-147.
  2. Crawford, S.E., Patel, D.G., Cheng, E., Berkova, Z., Hyser, J.M., Ciarlet, M., Finegold, M. J.,Conner, M.E. and Estes, M.K. (2006). Rotavirus viremia and extraintestinal viral infection in the neonatal rat model. J Virol 80(10): 4820–4832.
  3. Dash, S. K., Tewari, A., Kumar, K., Goel, A. and Bhatia, A. K.(2011). Detection of Rotavirus from diarrhoeic cow calves in Mathura, India. Vet World. 4(12): 554-556.
  4. Desselberger, U., Gray, J. and Estes, M.K. (2005). Rotaviruses. In: B.W.J. Mahy and V.T.Meulen (eds), Topley and Wilson’s Microbiology and Microbial infections, ASM Press, USA, 946–958.
  5. Dhama K., Chauhan R.S., Mahendran M and Malik S.V.S. (2009). Rotavirus infection in bovines and other domesticated animals: A review. Vet Res Commun 33(1): 1-23.
  6. Estes, M. K. & Greenberg, H. B. (2013). Rotaviruses. In Fields Virology, vol. 2, 6th edn., pp. 1347–1401. [Edited by D. M. Knipe& P. M. Howley]. Lippincott Philadelphia, PA: Williams & Wilkins.
  7. Estes, M.K., Kapikian, A.Z. (2007). Rotaviruses and their replication. In: Fields, B.N., Knipe, D.M., Howley, P.M., Griffin, D.E., Lamb, R.A., Martin, M.A., Roizman, B., Straus, S.E.(Eds.), Fields Virology. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp. 1917–1974.
  8. Falcone, E., Tarantino, M., Di Trani, L., Cordioli, P., Lavazza, A., Tollis, M. (1999). Determination of bovine rotavirus G and P serotypes in Italy by PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 37: 3879–3882.
  9. Fenaux M, Cuadras MA, Feng N, Jaimes M, Greenberg HB. (2006). Extraintestinal spread and replication of a homologous EC rotavirus strain and a heterologous rhesus rotavirus in BALB/c mice. J Virol., 80:5219–5232
  10. N. Feng, B. Kim,† M. Fenaux,‡ H. Nguyen, P. Vo, M. B. Omary, and H. B. Greenberg. (2008). Role of Interferon in Homologous and Heterologous Rotavirus Infection in the Intestines and Extraintestinal Organs of Suckling Mice. . J Virol 82:7578–7590
  11. Ghosh S, Varghese V, Samajdar S, Manju S, Naik TN and Kobayashi. (2007). Evidence for bovine origin of VP4 and VP7 genes of human group A rotavirus G6P [14] and G10P[14] strains. J Clin Microbiol, 45: 2751-2753.
  12. Gruenberg, W. (2014). Intestinal Diseases in Cattle. The Merck Veterinary Manual. Kenilworth, N.J. Web
  13. Hiromichi Mitake, Naoto Ito, Kota Okadera, Kazuma Okada, KentoNakagawa,Tomomi Tanaka, KiyohitoKatsuragi, Kasumi Kasahara, ToshihideNihongi, Shoji Sakurai, Hiroshi Tsunemitsu and Makoto Sugiyama, (2015). Persistence of the rotavirus A genome in mesenteric lymph nodes of cattle raised on farms.J Gen Virol, 96, 2708–2713
  14. Jindal SR, Maiti NK and Oberoi MS. (2000).Genomic diversity and prevalence of rotavirus in cow and buffalo calves in northern India.Revue scientifiqueet technique, (International Office of Epizootics) 19: 871-876.
  15. Kim HJ, Park JG, Alfajaro MM, Kim DS, Hosmillo M, Son KY, Lee JH, et al, (2012). Pathogenicity characterization of a bovine triple reassortant rotavirus in calves and piglets. Vet Microbiol, 159:11–22.
  16. Malik, Y. P. S., K. Sharma, N. Vaid, S. Chakravarti, K. M. Chandrashekar, S. S. Basera, R. Singh, et al, (2012).Occurrence of group A rotavirus mixed G and P genotypes in bovines: Predominance of G3 genotype and its emergence in combination with G8/    G10 types. J Vet Sci. 13, 271-278. 
  17. Mondal A, Sharma K, Malik YS, Joardar SN. (2013).Detection of group a rotavirus in faeces of diarrhoeic bovine porcine and human population from eastern India by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. Population. 16 :09-16.
  18. Matthijnssens, J., Otto, P. H., Ciarlet, M., Desselberger, U., VanRanst, M. &Johne, R. (2012). VP6-sequence-based cutoff values asa criterion for rotavirus species demarcation. Arch Virol 157, 1177–1182.
  19. McGavin MD, Zachary JF. (2007). Pathological Basis of Veterinary Disease. (4th ed.) Mosby Elsevier, St. Louise, Missouri.
  20. Murphy, F.A., Gibbs, E.P.J., Horzinek, M.C. and Studdert, M.J. (1999). Reoviridae (eds), Veterinary Virology, Academic Press, USA. 391–404.
  21. Naveen K., Malik, Y.P.S. Sharma, K., Balamurugan, V., Shivachandra, S.B. and Dhama, K. (2015). Expression analysis of a highly soluble region of an enterotoxigenic non-structural protein of bovine rotavirus. Pakistan J Biol Sci 18(5): 247-251.
  22. Park, J.G. G., Kim, D.-S. S., Matthijnssens, J., Kwon, H.-J. J., et al(2014). Comparison of pathogenicities and nucleotide changes between porcine and bovine reassortant rotavirus strains possessing the same genotype constellation in piglets and calves. Vet Micro biol 172, 51–62
  23. Ramig, R.F. (2004). Pathogenesis of intestinal and systemic rotavirus infection. J Virol. 78: 10213–10220.
  24. Rangnath.( 2013). Molecular Epidemiology and Pathological studies on Rotavirus infection in Bovine calves. Phd thesis. Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar. pp 82 .
  25. Sissons JW, 1981. Digestive enzymes of cattle. J Sci Food Agric 32:105-114.
  26. Sravani, G.V.D., Kaur, G., Chandra, M. and Dwivedi, P.N.(2015). Prevalence of Group A Bovine Rotavirus in Neonatal Calves in Punjab, India. J Microbiol Immunol Biotechnol. 2: 9-14.
  27. Tate, J. E., Burton, A. H., Boschi-Pinto, C., Steele, A. D., Duque, J.,Parashar, U. D. & WHO-coordinated Global Rotavirus Surveillance Network (2012). Estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis.12,136–141.    USDA Dairy. Part II: changes in the U.S. dairy cattle industry, 1991–2007., USDA-APHIS-VS, CEAH, Fort Collins, 2008. Pp. 57–61
  28. Windeyer, M.C., Leslie, K.E., Godden, S.M., Hodgins, D.C., Lissemore, K.D. and LeBlanc S.J. (2012). The effects of viral vaccination of dairy heifer calves on the incidence of respiratory disease, mortality, and growth. J Dairy Sci. 95: 6731–6739.
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    Research Article

    volume 52 issue 1 (january 2018) : 99-104,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3411

    Rotavirus A associated pathology of intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes and  occurrence in bovine calves of Gwalior and Bareilly regions

    G
    Gayatri Kashyap
    R
    R. Singh
    Y
    Y.S. Malik
    R
    R.K. Agrawal
    K
    K.P. Singh
    P
    P. Kumar
    R
    Rahul Singh
    D
    D. Gupta.
    1Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
    Cite article:- Kashyap Gayatri, Singh R., Malik Y.S., Agrawal R.K., Singh K.P., Kumar P., Singh Rahul, Gupta. D. (2018). Rotavirus A associated pathology of intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes and occurrence in bovine calves of Gwalior and Bareilly regions. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(1): 99-104. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3411.

    ABSTRACT

    To understand the pathology of natural cases of rotavirus (RVA) in bovine calves, a total of 40 cases below 6 months died due to diarrhoea were studied, out of which 7 cases (17.5%) turned positive for RVA by RT-PCR. Histopathology of small intestine showed loss of villous enterocytes, blunting and fusion of villi, elongation of crypts and mononuclear cells infiltration in the lamina-propria. The mesenteric lymph nodes were severely depleted of lymphocytes. These changes were corroborated with presence of RVA antigen in sections by dFAT and nucleic acid by RT-PCR. The fluorescent signals were more in mesenteric lymph nodes than in intestine. Besides, 115 rectal fecal samples were also collected from calves for RVA detection by RT-PCR using VP6 gene specific sets of primers. Dead carcasses of calves (n= 40) belonged to organized dairy farm of Bareilly, while rectal fecal samples belonged to both organized (n= 38) and unorganized farms (n= 77) of Bareilly and Gwalior. The overall occurrence of RVA was 19.3% (30/155), comprising 5/37 cases (13.5%) from Gwalior (MP) and 25/118 cases (21.1%) from Bareilly (UP). These findings suggest the infection of RVA widely prevalent in calves and have potential to escape from the intestinal site to mesenteric lymph nodes.

    REFERENCES

    1. Basera SS, Singh R, Vaid N, Sharma K, Chakravarti S and Malik YPS.(2010). Detection of rotavirus infection in bovine calves by RNA-PAGE and RT-PCR. Indian J Virol, 21: 144-147.
    2. Crawford, S.E., Patel, D.G., Cheng, E., Berkova, Z., Hyser, J.M., Ciarlet, M., Finegold, M. J.,Conner, M.E. and Estes, M.K. (2006). Rotavirus viremia and extraintestinal viral infection in the neonatal rat model. J Virol 80(10): 4820–4832.
    3. Dash, S. K., Tewari, A., Kumar, K., Goel, A. and Bhatia, A. K.(2011). Detection of Rotavirus from diarrhoeic cow calves in Mathura, India. Vet World. 4(12): 554-556.
    4. Desselberger, U., Gray, J. and Estes, M.K. (2005). Rotaviruses. In: B.W.J. Mahy and V.T.Meulen (eds), Topley and Wilson’s Microbiology and Microbial infections, ASM Press, USA, 946–958.
    5. Dhama K., Chauhan R.S., Mahendran M and Malik S.V.S. (2009). Rotavirus infection in bovines and other domesticated animals: A review. Vet Res Commun 33(1): 1-23.
    6. Estes, M. K. & Greenberg, H. B. (2013). Rotaviruses. In Fields Virology, vol. 2, 6th edn., pp. 1347–1401. [Edited by D. M. Knipe& P. M. Howley]. Lippincott Philadelphia, PA: Williams & Wilkins.
    7. Estes, M.K., Kapikian, A.Z. (2007). Rotaviruses and their replication. In: Fields, B.N., Knipe, D.M., Howley, P.M., Griffin, D.E., Lamb, R.A., Martin, M.A., Roizman, B., Straus, S.E.(Eds.), Fields Virology. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp. 1917–1974.
    8. Falcone, E., Tarantino, M., Di Trani, L., Cordioli, P., Lavazza, A., Tollis, M. (1999). Determination of bovine rotavirus G and P serotypes in Italy by PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 37: 3879–3882.
    9. Fenaux M, Cuadras MA, Feng N, Jaimes M, Greenberg HB. (2006). Extraintestinal spread and replication of a homologous EC rotavirus strain and a heterologous rhesus rotavirus in BALB/c mice. J Virol., 80:5219–5232
    10. N. Feng, B. Kim,† M. Fenaux,‡ H. Nguyen, P. Vo, M. B. Omary, and H. B. Greenberg. (2008). Role of Interferon in Homologous and Heterologous Rotavirus Infection in the Intestines and Extraintestinal Organs of Suckling Mice. . J Virol 82:7578–7590
    11. Ghosh S, Varghese V, Samajdar S, Manju S, Naik TN and Kobayashi. (2007). Evidence for bovine origin of VP4 and VP7 genes of human group A rotavirus G6P [14] and G10P[14] strains. J Clin Microbiol, 45: 2751-2753.
    12. Gruenberg, W. (2014). Intestinal Diseases in Cattle. The Merck Veterinary Manual. Kenilworth, N.J. Web
    13. Hiromichi Mitake, Naoto Ito, Kota Okadera, Kazuma Okada, KentoNakagawa,Tomomi Tanaka, KiyohitoKatsuragi, Kasumi Kasahara, ToshihideNihongi, Shoji Sakurai, Hiroshi Tsunemitsu and Makoto Sugiyama, (2015). Persistence of the rotavirus A genome in mesenteric lymph nodes of cattle raised on farms.J Gen Virol, 96, 2708–2713
    14. Jindal SR, Maiti NK and Oberoi MS. (2000).Genomic diversity and prevalence of rotavirus in cow and buffalo calves in northern India.Revue scientifiqueet technique, (International Office of Epizootics) 19: 871-876.
    15. Kim HJ, Park JG, Alfajaro MM, Kim DS, Hosmillo M, Son KY, Lee JH, et al, (2012). Pathogenicity characterization of a bovine triple reassortant rotavirus in calves and piglets. Vet Microbiol, 159:11–22.
    16. Malik, Y. P. S., K. Sharma, N. Vaid, S. Chakravarti, K. M. Chandrashekar, S. S. Basera, R. Singh, et al, (2012).Occurrence of group A rotavirus mixed G and P genotypes in bovines: Predominance of G3 genotype and its emergence in combination with G8/    G10 types. J Vet Sci. 13, 271-278. 
    17. Mondal A, Sharma K, Malik YS, Joardar SN. (2013).Detection of group a rotavirus in faeces of diarrhoeic bovine porcine and human population from eastern India by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. Population. 16 :09-16.
    18. Matthijnssens, J., Otto, P. H., Ciarlet, M., Desselberger, U., VanRanst, M. &Johne, R. (2012). VP6-sequence-based cutoff values asa criterion for rotavirus species demarcation. Arch Virol 157, 1177–1182.
    19. McGavin MD, Zachary JF. (2007). Pathological Basis of Veterinary Disease. (4th ed.) Mosby Elsevier, St. Louise, Missouri.
    20. Murphy, F.A., Gibbs, E.P.J., Horzinek, M.C. and Studdert, M.J. (1999). Reoviridae (eds), Veterinary Virology, Academic Press, USA. 391–404.
    21. Naveen K., Malik, Y.P.S. Sharma, K., Balamurugan, V., Shivachandra, S.B. and Dhama, K. (2015). Expression analysis of a highly soluble region of an enterotoxigenic non-structural protein of bovine rotavirus. Pakistan J Biol Sci 18(5): 247-251.
    22. Park, J.G. G., Kim, D.-S. S., Matthijnssens, J., Kwon, H.-J. J., et al(2014). Comparison of pathogenicities and nucleotide changes between porcine and bovine reassortant rotavirus strains possessing the same genotype constellation in piglets and calves. Vet Micro biol 172, 51–62
    23. Ramig, R.F. (2004). Pathogenesis of intestinal and systemic rotavirus infection. J Virol. 78: 10213–10220.
    24. Rangnath.( 2013). Molecular Epidemiology and Pathological studies on Rotavirus infection in Bovine calves. Phd thesis. Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar. pp 82 .
    25. Sissons JW, 1981. Digestive enzymes of cattle. J Sci Food Agric 32:105-114.
    26. Sravani, G.V.D., Kaur, G., Chandra, M. and Dwivedi, P.N.(2015). Prevalence of Group A Bovine Rotavirus in Neonatal Calves in Punjab, India. J Microbiol Immunol Biotechnol. 2: 9-14.
    27. Tate, J. E., Burton, A. H., Boschi-Pinto, C., Steele, A. D., Duque, J.,Parashar, U. D. & WHO-coordinated Global Rotavirus Surveillance Network (2012). Estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis.12,136–141.    USDA Dairy. Part II: changes in the U.S. dairy cattle industry, 1991–2007., USDA-APHIS-VS, CEAH, Fort Collins, 2008. Pp. 57–61
    28. Windeyer, M.C., Leslie, K.E., Godden, S.M., Hodgins, D.C., Lissemore, K.D. and LeBlanc S.J. (2012). The effects of viral vaccination of dairy heifer calves on the incidence of respiratory disease, mortality, and growth. J Dairy Sci. 95: 6731–6739.
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