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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 52 issue 10 (october 2018) : 1440-1445,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3379

Influence of varied metabolizable energy levels on antioxidant status and performance of transition Murrah buffaloes

A
Alkesh Chaudhari
N
Nitin Tyagi
M
Mayank Gautam
J
Jawid Sedeqi
1Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, Haryana, India.
Cite article:- Chaudhari Alkesh, Tyagi Nitin, Gautam Mayank, Sedeqi Jawid (2017). Influence of varied metabolizable energy levels on antioxidant status and performance of transition Murrah buffaloes. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(10): 1440-1445. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3379.

ABSTRACT

Present experiment was conducted to study the effect of varied levels of metabolizable energy (ME) on performance and antioxidant status of Murrah buffaloes. Advance pregnant Murrah buffaloes (n=16) were randomly divided into three experimental groups i.e., 5, 5 and 6 animals in LME, MME and HME, respectively on the basis of most probable production ability (MPPA) and lactation number. They were fed graded levels of ME, namely low metabolizable energy (LME), medium metabolizable energy (MME), high metabolizable energy (HME) which is 85, 100 and 115 percent of ICAR, 2013 requirements for 130 days, duration i.e., 40 day prepartum to 90 days postpartum. Animals in group LME, MME and HME were offered concentrate with metabolizable energy content (MJ/kg DM) 11.80, 12.18, and 13.85, respectively. Green fodder (maize) and dry roughage (wheat straw) were fed as per the experimental protocol. No significant effect on dry matter intake (DMI), crude protein (CPI) and metabolizable protein (MPI) (% BW) were observed due to dietary variation in ME. ME intake (MJ/100 kg BW) before and after calving was statistical (P<0.05) higher in HME (15.01, 24.66) followed by MME (14.07, 22.11) and LME (12.33, 19.16) groups, respectively. Significant (P<0.05) higher milk yield efficiency (kg/kg DMI) and 6% FCM (kg/kg DMI) were observed in MME in comparison to HME group. The antioxidant profile revealed no significant influence of dietary treatment on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ferric reducing activity of plasma (FRAP) whereas significant (P<0.05) lower level of antioxidant status i.e., glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (µmol/L) in HME (1834.60) than LME (2240.23) was observed. Considering optimum production performance and similar antioxidant activity among treatment groups, it can be concluded that ICAR, 2013 recommendations are suitable for feeding transition Murrah buffaloes.

REFERENCES

  1. Agenäs, S., Dahlborn, K. and Holtenius, K. (2003). Changes in metabolism and milk production during and after feed deprivation in primiparous cows selected for different milk fat content. Livest. Prod. Sci. 83 :153-164.
  2. Aggarwal, A and Chandra, G. (2013). Antioxidant status, hormonal levels and immunity in crossbred cows of different levels of production. Indian J. Anim. Res. 47 : 492-497.
  3. AOAC. (2005). Official Methods of Analysis of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, DC.
  4. Bargo, F., Muller, L.D., Delahoy, J.E. and Cassidy, T.W. (2002). Milk response to concentrate supplementation of high producing dairy cows grazing at two pasture allowances. J. Dairy Sci. 85 :1777–1792.
  5. Benzie, I.F. and Strain, J.J.(1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Anal. Biochem. 239 : 70-76.
  6. Benzie, F.F. and Strain, J.J. (1999). Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power Assay: Direct Measure of Total antioxidant Activity of Biological Fluids and Modified Version for Simultaneous Measurement of Total Antioxidant Power and Ascorbic Acid Concentration. Methods in Enzymology. 299 :15-23.
  7. Bernabucci, U., Ronchi, B., Lacetera, N. and Nardone, A. (2002). Markers of oxidative status in plasma and erythrocytes of transition dairy cows during hot season. J. Dairy Sci.85 :2173-2179.
  8. Bernabucci, U., Ronchi, B., Lacetera, N. and Nardone, A.(2005). Influence of body condition on relationships between metabolic status and oxidative stress in periparturient dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 88 : 2017-2026.
  9. Broderick, G.A. (2003). Effects of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.86 :1370-    1381.
  10. Castillo, C., Hernandez, J., Bravo, A., Lopez-Alonso, M., Pereira, V. and Benedito, J.L. (2005). Oxidative status during late pregnancy and early lactation in dairy cows. Vet. J. 169 : 286-292.
  11. Douglas, G.N., Overton, T.R., Bateman, H.G., Dann, H.M. and Drackley, J.K. (2006). Prepartal plane of nutrition, regardless of dietary energy source, affect periparturient metabolism and dry matter intake in Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 89: 2141-2157.
  12. Drackley, J.K. (1999). Biology of dairy cows during the transition period: The final frontier. J. Dairy Sci. 82: 2259-2273.
  13. Duffield, T. (2000). Subclinical ketosis in lactating dairy cattle. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 16:231-253.
  14. El-Ashry, M.A., Khattab, H.M., Etman, K.E.I. and Sayed, S.K. (2003). Effect of two different energy and protein levels on productive and reproductive performances of lactating buffaloes. Egypt. J. Nutrition and Feed .6: 491-503.
  15. Gaál, T., Ribiczeyne-Szabo, P., Stadler, K., Jakus, J., Reiczigel, J., Kover, P., Mezes, M. and Sumeghy, L. (2006). Free radicals, lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system in the blood of cows and newborn calves around calving. Comp.Biochem. Physiol. B:.Biochem. Mol. Biol. 143: 391-396.
  16. Gitto, E., Reiter, R.J., Karbownik, M., Tan, D.X.,Gitto, P., Barberi, S. and Barberi, I.(2002). Causes of oxidative stress in the pre- and perinatal period. Neonate. 81: 146-157.
  17. Goff, J.P. and Horst, R.L. (1997). Physiological changes at parturition and their relationship to metabolic disorders. J. Dairy Sci. 80:1260-1268.
  18. Grummer, R.R. (1995). Impact in changes in organic nutrient metabolism on feeding the transition cow. J. Anim. Sci. 73:2820- 2833.
  19. Holcomb, C.S., Van Horn, H.H., Head, H.H., Hall, M.B. and Wilcox, C. J.(2001). Effects of prepartum dry matter intake and forage percentage on postpartum performance of lactating dairy cows1. J. Dairy Sci. 84:2051-2058.
  20. ICAR. (2013). Nutrient Requirements of Cattle and Buffalo.Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India.
  21. Konvicna, J., Vargova, M., Pauliková, I., Kovac, J. and Kostecka, Z. (2015). Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in dairy cows during prepartal and postpartal periods. Acta Veterinary Brno. 84: 133–140.
  22. McNamara, S., O’Mara, F.P., Rath, M. and Murphy, J.J. (2003). Effects of different transition diets on dry matter intake, milk production, and milk composition in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86:2397-2408.
  23. Maurya, P.K, Aggarwal, A., Singh, S.V., Chandra, G., Singh, A.K. and Chaudhari, B.K. (2015). Effect of vitamin E and zinc on cellular antioxidant enzymes in karan fries cows during transition period. Indian J. Anim. Res. 48(2): 109-119.
  24. NRC. (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle: 7threv. ed. National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences. Washington, D.C.
  25. Patton, J., Kenny, D.A., Mee, J.F.,O’mara, F.P., Wathes, D.C., Cook, M. and Murphy, J.J. (2006). Effect of milking frequency and diet on milk production, energy balance and reproduction in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 89: 1478-87.
  26. Rice, V.A., Andrew, F.N., Warnick, E.J. and Legates, J.E. (1970). Breeding and Improvement of Farm Animals. 6thed.Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., Bombay, India.
  27. Roberts, C.J., Reid, I.M., Rowlands, G.J. and Patterson, A. (1981). A fat mobilization syndrome in dairy cows in early lactation.Vet. Rec. 108: 7-9.
  28. SAS Institute. (2000). SAS User’s Guide. Statistics. Version 8.01. SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC.
  29. Snedecor, G.W. and Cockran, W.G. (2004). Statistical Methods. 9thed: Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.
  30. Sordillo, L.M., O’Boyle, N., Gandy, J.C., Corl, C.M. and Hamilton, E.(2007). Shifts in thioredoxin reductase activity and oxidant status in mononuclear cells obtained from transition dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 90: 1186-1192.
  31. Sordillo, L. (2013). Selenium-dependent regulation of oxidative stress and immunity in periparturient dairy cattle. Vet. Med. Int.2013.
  32. Tesfa, A.T., Tuori, M., Syrjälä-Qvist, L., Pösö, R., Saloniemi, H., Heinonen, K., Kivilahti, K., Saukko, T. and Lindberg, L.A. (1999). The influence of dry period feeding on liver fat and postpartum performance of dairy cows. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 76: 275-295.
  33. Trevisan, M., Browne, R., Ram, M., Muti, P., Freundenheim, J., Carosella, A.N. and Armstrong, D. (2001). Correlates of markers of oxidative status in the general population. Am. J. Epidemiol. 154: 348-356.
  34. Vaidya, M.M., Singh, S.V., Upadhyay R.C. and Aggarwal, A. (2016). Plasma profile of hormones and energy metabolites in low and high producing periparturient Sahiwal cows during summer and winter season. Indian J. Anim. Res. doi: 10.18805/    ijar.v0iOF.6835.
  35. Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Symposium: carbohydrate methodology, metabolism and nutritional implications in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 74: 3583-97.
  36. Vazquez-Anon, M., Bertics, S.J. and Grummer, R.R. (1997). The effect of dietary energy source on during mid to late lactation on liver triglyceride and lactation performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 80: 2504-2512.
  37. Waller, K.P. (2000). Mammary gland immunology around parturition. Influence of stress, nutrition and genetics. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 480: 231-245.
  38. Wang, Y.M., Wang, J.H., Wang, C., Wang, J.K., Chen, B., Liu,J.X., Cao, H. and Guo, F.C.(2010). Effect of dietary antioxidant and energy density on performance and anti-oxidative status of transition cows. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 23 (10): 1299 – 1307. 
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    Research Article

    volume 52 issue 10 (october 2018) : 1440-1445,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3379

    Influence of varied metabolizable energy levels on antioxidant status and performance of transition Murrah buffaloes

    A
    Alkesh Chaudhari
    N
    Nitin Tyagi
    M
    Mayank Gautam
    J
    Jawid Sedeqi
    1Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, Haryana, India.
    Cite article:- Chaudhari Alkesh, Tyagi Nitin, Gautam Mayank, Sedeqi Jawid (2017). Influence of varied metabolizable energy levels on antioxidant status and performance of transition Murrah buffaloes. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(10): 1440-1445. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3379.

    ABSTRACT

    Present experiment was conducted to study the effect of varied levels of metabolizable energy (ME) on performance and antioxidant status of Murrah buffaloes. Advance pregnant Murrah buffaloes (n=16) were randomly divided into three experimental groups i.e., 5, 5 and 6 animals in LME, MME and HME, respectively on the basis of most probable production ability (MPPA) and lactation number. They were fed graded levels of ME, namely low metabolizable energy (LME), medium metabolizable energy (MME), high metabolizable energy (HME) which is 85, 100 and 115 percent of ICAR, 2013 requirements for 130 days, duration i.e., 40 day prepartum to 90 days postpartum. Animals in group LME, MME and HME were offered concentrate with metabolizable energy content (MJ/kg DM) 11.80, 12.18, and 13.85, respectively. Green fodder (maize) and dry roughage (wheat straw) were fed as per the experimental protocol. No significant effect on dry matter intake (DMI), crude protein (CPI) and metabolizable protein (MPI) (% BW) were observed due to dietary variation in ME. ME intake (MJ/100 kg BW) before and after calving was statistical (P<0.05) higher in HME (15.01, 24.66) followed by MME (14.07, 22.11) and LME (12.33, 19.16) groups, respectively. Significant (P<0.05) higher milk yield efficiency (kg/kg DMI) and 6% FCM (kg/kg DMI) were observed in MME in comparison to HME group. The antioxidant profile revealed no significant influence of dietary treatment on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ferric reducing activity of plasma (FRAP) whereas significant (P<0.05) lower level of antioxidant status i.e., glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (µmol/L) in HME (1834.60) than LME (2240.23) was observed. Considering optimum production performance and similar antioxidant activity among treatment groups, it can be concluded that ICAR, 2013 recommendations are suitable for feeding transition Murrah buffaloes.

    REFERENCES

    1. Agenäs, S., Dahlborn, K. and Holtenius, K. (2003). Changes in metabolism and milk production during and after feed deprivation in primiparous cows selected for different milk fat content. Livest. Prod. Sci. 83 :153-164.
    2. Aggarwal, A and Chandra, G. (2013). Antioxidant status, hormonal levels and immunity in crossbred cows of different levels of production. Indian J. Anim. Res. 47 : 492-497.
    3. AOAC. (2005). Official Methods of Analysis of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, DC.
    4. Bargo, F., Muller, L.D., Delahoy, J.E. and Cassidy, T.W. (2002). Milk response to concentrate supplementation of high producing dairy cows grazing at two pasture allowances. J. Dairy Sci. 85 :1777–1792.
    5. Benzie, I.F. and Strain, J.J.(1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Anal. Biochem. 239 : 70-76.
    6. Benzie, F.F. and Strain, J.J. (1999). Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power Assay: Direct Measure of Total antioxidant Activity of Biological Fluids and Modified Version for Simultaneous Measurement of Total Antioxidant Power and Ascorbic Acid Concentration. Methods in Enzymology. 299 :15-23.
    7. Bernabucci, U., Ronchi, B., Lacetera, N. and Nardone, A. (2002). Markers of oxidative status in plasma and erythrocytes of transition dairy cows during hot season. J. Dairy Sci.85 :2173-2179.
    8. Bernabucci, U., Ronchi, B., Lacetera, N. and Nardone, A.(2005). Influence of body condition on relationships between metabolic status and oxidative stress in periparturient dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 88 : 2017-2026.
    9. Broderick, G.A. (2003). Effects of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.86 :1370-    1381.
    10. Castillo, C., Hernandez, J., Bravo, A., Lopez-Alonso, M., Pereira, V. and Benedito, J.L. (2005). Oxidative status during late pregnancy and early lactation in dairy cows. Vet. J. 169 : 286-292.
    11. Douglas, G.N., Overton, T.R., Bateman, H.G., Dann, H.M. and Drackley, J.K. (2006). Prepartal plane of nutrition, regardless of dietary energy source, affect periparturient metabolism and dry matter intake in Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 89: 2141-2157.
    12. Drackley, J.K. (1999). Biology of dairy cows during the transition period: The final frontier. J. Dairy Sci. 82: 2259-2273.
    13. Duffield, T. (2000). Subclinical ketosis in lactating dairy cattle. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 16:231-253.
    14. El-Ashry, M.A., Khattab, H.M., Etman, K.E.I. and Sayed, S.K. (2003). Effect of two different energy and protein levels on productive and reproductive performances of lactating buffaloes. Egypt. J. Nutrition and Feed .6: 491-503.
    15. Gaál, T., Ribiczeyne-Szabo, P., Stadler, K., Jakus, J., Reiczigel, J., Kover, P., Mezes, M. and Sumeghy, L. (2006). Free radicals, lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system in the blood of cows and newborn calves around calving. Comp.Biochem. Physiol. B:.Biochem. Mol. Biol. 143: 391-396.
    16. Gitto, E., Reiter, R.J., Karbownik, M., Tan, D.X.,Gitto, P., Barberi, S. and Barberi, I.(2002). Causes of oxidative stress in the pre- and perinatal period. Neonate. 81: 146-157.
    17. Goff, J.P. and Horst, R.L. (1997). Physiological changes at parturition and their relationship to metabolic disorders. J. Dairy Sci. 80:1260-1268.
    18. Grummer, R.R. (1995). Impact in changes in organic nutrient metabolism on feeding the transition cow. J. Anim. Sci. 73:2820- 2833.
    19. Holcomb, C.S., Van Horn, H.H., Head, H.H., Hall, M.B. and Wilcox, C. J.(2001). Effects of prepartum dry matter intake and forage percentage on postpartum performance of lactating dairy cows1. J. Dairy Sci. 84:2051-2058.
    20. ICAR. (2013). Nutrient Requirements of Cattle and Buffalo.Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India.
    21. Konvicna, J., Vargova, M., Pauliková, I., Kovac, J. and Kostecka, Z. (2015). Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in dairy cows during prepartal and postpartal periods. Acta Veterinary Brno. 84: 133–140.
    22. McNamara, S., O’Mara, F.P., Rath, M. and Murphy, J.J. (2003). Effects of different transition diets on dry matter intake, milk production, and milk composition in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86:2397-2408.
    23. Maurya, P.K, Aggarwal, A., Singh, S.V., Chandra, G., Singh, A.K. and Chaudhari, B.K. (2015). Effect of vitamin E and zinc on cellular antioxidant enzymes in karan fries cows during transition period. Indian J. Anim. Res. 48(2): 109-119.
    24. NRC. (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle: 7threv. ed. National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences. Washington, D.C.
    25. Patton, J., Kenny, D.A., Mee, J.F.,O’mara, F.P., Wathes, D.C., Cook, M. and Murphy, J.J. (2006). Effect of milking frequency and diet on milk production, energy balance and reproduction in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 89: 1478-87.
    26. Rice, V.A., Andrew, F.N., Warnick, E.J. and Legates, J.E. (1970). Breeding and Improvement of Farm Animals. 6thed.Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., Bombay, India.
    27. Roberts, C.J., Reid, I.M., Rowlands, G.J. and Patterson, A. (1981). A fat mobilization syndrome in dairy cows in early lactation.Vet. Rec. 108: 7-9.
    28. SAS Institute. (2000). SAS User’s Guide. Statistics. Version 8.01. SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC.
    29. Snedecor, G.W. and Cockran, W.G. (2004). Statistical Methods. 9thed: Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.
    30. Sordillo, L.M., O’Boyle, N., Gandy, J.C., Corl, C.M. and Hamilton, E.(2007). Shifts in thioredoxin reductase activity and oxidant status in mononuclear cells obtained from transition dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 90: 1186-1192.
    31. Sordillo, L. (2013). Selenium-dependent regulation of oxidative stress and immunity in periparturient dairy cattle. Vet. Med. Int.2013.
    32. Tesfa, A.T., Tuori, M., Syrjälä-Qvist, L., Pösö, R., Saloniemi, H., Heinonen, K., Kivilahti, K., Saukko, T. and Lindberg, L.A. (1999). The influence of dry period feeding on liver fat and postpartum performance of dairy cows. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 76: 275-295.
    33. Trevisan, M., Browne, R., Ram, M., Muti, P., Freundenheim, J., Carosella, A.N. and Armstrong, D. (2001). Correlates of markers of oxidative status in the general population. Am. J. Epidemiol. 154: 348-356.
    34. Vaidya, M.M., Singh, S.V., Upadhyay R.C. and Aggarwal, A. (2016). Plasma profile of hormones and energy metabolites in low and high producing periparturient Sahiwal cows during summer and winter season. Indian J. Anim. Res. doi: 10.18805/    ijar.v0iOF.6835.
    35. Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Symposium: carbohydrate methodology, metabolism and nutritional implications in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 74: 3583-97.
    36. Vazquez-Anon, M., Bertics, S.J. and Grummer, R.R. (1997). The effect of dietary energy source on during mid to late lactation on liver triglyceride and lactation performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 80: 2504-2512.
    37. Waller, K.P. (2000). Mammary gland immunology around parturition. Influence of stress, nutrition and genetics. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 480: 231-245.
    38. Wang, Y.M., Wang, J.H., Wang, C., Wang, J.K., Chen, B., Liu,J.X., Cao, H. and Guo, F.C.(2010). Effect of dietary antioxidant and energy density on performance and anti-oxidative status of transition cows. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 23 (10): 1299 – 1307. 
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