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Research Article

volume 52 issue 11 (november 2018) : 1583-1589,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3365

Effect of paddy straw plus non-forage fibre sources based complete feeds containing different levels of neutral detergent fibre on digestibility coefficients of nutrients in lactating dairy cows# 

B
Biju Chacko
K
K.M. Syam Mohan
K
K. Ally
K
K. Shyama
K
K.S. Anil
C
C.T. Sathian
1Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy – 680 651, (Thrissur), Kerala, India.
Cite article:- Chacko Biju, Mohan Syam K.M., Ally K., Shyama K., Anil K.S., Sathian C.T. (2018). Effect of paddy straw plus non-forage fibre sources based complete feeds containing different levels of neutral detergent fibre on digestibility coefficients of nutrients in lactating dairy cows#. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(11): 1583-1589. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3365.

ABSTRACT

A study of six months duration was conducted to assess the effect of paddy straw based complete rations containing different levels of NDF on digestibility coefficients of nutrients in lactating dairy cows, in two phases, viz., early and mid lactation. Three isonitrogenous and isocaloric complete rations, T1, T2 and T3 with 25, 30 and 35 per cent NDF, respectively were formulated as per ICAR (1998). Paddy straw was the sole source of roughage NDF, with the rest of NDF being met from non-forage sources, in all the three rations. Eighteen dairy cows yielding approximately 10 kg of milk per day were divided into three groups of six each, and allotted to the three experimental rations. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in digestibility coefficients of nutrients such as dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, nitrogen free extract, NDF and energy, among the dietary treatments, in both phases I and II. However, the digestibility coefficient of acid detergent fibre was significantly higher (P<0.05) in T2 and T3 than T1, with T2 and T3 being similar (P>0.05), in both the phases. A thorough evaluation of the results obtained in the present study, reveal that the animals in all the three dietary treatments performed well, with the complete rations T3 with 35 per cent NDF and T2 with 30 per cent NDF showing better performance than T1 with 25 per cent NDF. Between T2 and T3 which were more or less comparable, the cows fed on the diet T3 had a higher digestibility for NDF, ADF and crude fibre, indicating that T3 was better than T2. These results suggest that complete rations with 25 to 35 per cent NDF, containing paddy straw as the sole source of roughage NDF, with the rest of NDF being met from non-forage sources, can be recommended for use among early and mid lactation dairy cows, with 35 per cent being the ideal NDF level.  

REFERENCES

  1. Aghsaghali, A.M. and Sis, N.M. (2011). Importance of “physically effective fibre” in ruminant nutrition: A review. Ann. Biol. Res. 2(3): 262-270.
  2. Allen, M.S. (2000). Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 83(7): 1598-1624. 
  3. AOAC. (2012). Official Methods of Analysis (19th Ed.). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, D. C. pp. 1-77.
  4. Broderick, G. A. (2003). Effects of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86(4): 1370–1381. 
  5. Chizzotti, M.L., Son, S.D.C.V., Valdares, R.F.D., Chizzotti, F.H.M., Marcondes, M.I. and Fonseca, M.A. (2007). Intake, digestibility and nitrogen metabolism in Holstein cows with different milk production levels. R. Bras. Zootec. 36(1): 138-146.
  6. Chumpawadee, S., Sommart, K., Vongpralub, T. and Pattarajinda, V. (2006). In sacco degradation characteristics of crop residues and selected roughages in Brahman –Thai native crossbred steers. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.). 40: 204-214.
  7. Dado, R.G. and Allen, M.S. (1995). Intake limitations, feeding behaviour and rumen functions of cows challenged with rumen fill from dietary fibre or inert bulk. J. Dairy Sci. 78(1): 118-133.
  8. Datta, D. (2013). Indian Fodder Management towards 2030: A Case of Vision or Myopia. Int.J. Manag. Soc. Sci. Res. 2(2): 33-41.
  9. Ensminger, M. E., Oldfield, J. E. and Heineman, W. W. (1990). Feeds and Nutrition. (2nd Ed.), Ensminger publishing company. California, USA. 1511p. 
  10. Girdhar, N. and Balaraman, N. (2005). Nutrient utilisation, balances of Ca, P and N in lactating crossbred cows fed berseem fodder based total mixed ration containing different levels of energy and protein. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 75(1): 47-51. 
  11. Gupta, R.B., Tiwari, D.P. and Kumar, A. (2006). Effect of feeding complete ration vis-a -vis conventional ration on nutrient utilisation and rumen metabolism in crossbred cattle. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 76(1): 55-60.
  12. Hundal, J.S., Gupta, R.P., Wadhwa, M. and Bakshi, M.P.S. (2004). Effect of feeding total mixed ration on the productive performance of dairy cattle. Anim. Nutr. Feed Technol. 4: 179-186.
  13. ICAR. (1998). cited by Ranjhan, S.K. in Nutrient requirements of Livestock and Poultry. (2nd Ed.). Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. p.4.
  14. Kelzer, J. M., Kononoff, P. J., Gehman, A. M., Tedeschi, L. O., Karges, K. and Gibson, M. L. (2009). Effects of feeding three types of corn-milling coproducts on milk production and ruminal fermentation of lactating Holstein cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 92(10): 5120–5132.
  15. Lailer, P.C., Dahiya, S. S. and Chauhan, T. R. (2005). Complete feed for livestock concept, present status and future trend: A review. Indian. J. Anim. Sci. 75(1): 84-91. 
  16. Linton, J. A. V. and Allen, M.S. (2007). Nutrient demand affects ruminal digestion responses to a change in dietary forage concentration. J. Dairy Sci. 90(10): 4770-4779. 
  17. NRC (2001). Nutrient requirements for dairy cattle. (7th Ed). National Acad. Sci., Washington, D.C. USA. p. 408. 
  18. Pandya, P.R., Gupta, R.S., Talpada, P.M., Patel, G.R. and Desai, M.C. (2005). Effect of complete feeds based on wheat straw and Prosopis juliflora pods on growth and reproductive performance in growing crossbred heifers. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 75(1): 56-59. 
  19. Ruiz, M., Bernal, E., Staples, C. R., Sollenberger, L. E., Gallaher, R. N. (1995). Effect of dietary neutral detergent fibre concentration and forage source on performance of lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 78(2): 1995.
  20. Sadagopan, V. R. and Sunder, G. S. (1997). Quality control of feed ingredients and compounded feed for sustainable milk and egg production. In: Proceedings of VIII Animal Nutrition Research Workers Conference; 12th to 14th December, 1997, Chennai. Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University. pp. 30-37. 
  21. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1994). Statistical Methods. (8th Ed.). The Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA. 314p.
  22. Stone, W. C. (2004). Nutritional approaches to minimize subacute ruminal acidosis and laminitis in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 87(E. Suppl.): 13–26.
  23. Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74: 3583–3597.
  24. Yang, W.Z. and Beauchemin, K. A. (2005). Effects of physically effective fibre on digestion and milk production by dairy cows fed diets based on corn silage. J. Dairy Sci. 88(3): 1090-1098. 
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    Research Article

    volume 52 issue 11 (november 2018) : 1583-1589,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3365

    Effect of paddy straw plus non-forage fibre sources based complete feeds containing different levels of neutral detergent fibre on digestibility coefficients of nutrients in lactating dairy cows# 

    B
    Biju Chacko
    K
    K.M. Syam Mohan
    K
    K. Ally
    K
    K. Shyama
    K
    K.S. Anil
    C
    C.T. Sathian
    1Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy – 680 651, (Thrissur), Kerala, India.
    Cite article:- Chacko Biju, Mohan Syam K.M., Ally K., Shyama K., Anil K.S., Sathian C.T. (2018). Effect of paddy straw plus non-forage fibre sources based complete feeds containing different levels of neutral detergent fibre on digestibility coefficients of nutrients in lactating dairy cows#. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(11): 1583-1589. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3365.

    ABSTRACT

    A study of six months duration was conducted to assess the effect of paddy straw based complete rations containing different levels of NDF on digestibility coefficients of nutrients in lactating dairy cows, in two phases, viz., early and mid lactation. Three isonitrogenous and isocaloric complete rations, T1, T2 and T3 with 25, 30 and 35 per cent NDF, respectively were formulated as per ICAR (1998). Paddy straw was the sole source of roughage NDF, with the rest of NDF being met from non-forage sources, in all the three rations. Eighteen dairy cows yielding approximately 10 kg of milk per day were divided into three groups of six each, and allotted to the three experimental rations. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in digestibility coefficients of nutrients such as dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, nitrogen free extract, NDF and energy, among the dietary treatments, in both phases I and II. However, the digestibility coefficient of acid detergent fibre was significantly higher (P<0.05) in T2 and T3 than T1, with T2 and T3 being similar (P>0.05), in both the phases. A thorough evaluation of the results obtained in the present study, reveal that the animals in all the three dietary treatments performed well, with the complete rations T3 with 35 per cent NDF and T2 with 30 per cent NDF showing better performance than T1 with 25 per cent NDF. Between T2 and T3 which were more or less comparable, the cows fed on the diet T3 had a higher digestibility for NDF, ADF and crude fibre, indicating that T3 was better than T2. These results suggest that complete rations with 25 to 35 per cent NDF, containing paddy straw as the sole source of roughage NDF, with the rest of NDF being met from non-forage sources, can be recommended for use among early and mid lactation dairy cows, with 35 per cent being the ideal NDF level.  

    REFERENCES

    1. Aghsaghali, A.M. and Sis, N.M. (2011). Importance of “physically effective fibre” in ruminant nutrition: A review. Ann. Biol. Res. 2(3): 262-270.
    2. Allen, M.S. (2000). Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 83(7): 1598-1624. 
    3. AOAC. (2012). Official Methods of Analysis (19th Ed.). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, D. C. pp. 1-77.
    4. Broderick, G. A. (2003). Effects of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86(4): 1370–1381. 
    5. Chizzotti, M.L., Son, S.D.C.V., Valdares, R.F.D., Chizzotti, F.H.M., Marcondes, M.I. and Fonseca, M.A. (2007). Intake, digestibility and nitrogen metabolism in Holstein cows with different milk production levels. R. Bras. Zootec. 36(1): 138-146.
    6. Chumpawadee, S., Sommart, K., Vongpralub, T. and Pattarajinda, V. (2006). In sacco degradation characteristics of crop residues and selected roughages in Brahman –Thai native crossbred steers. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.). 40: 204-214.
    7. Dado, R.G. and Allen, M.S. (1995). Intake limitations, feeding behaviour and rumen functions of cows challenged with rumen fill from dietary fibre or inert bulk. J. Dairy Sci. 78(1): 118-133.
    8. Datta, D. (2013). Indian Fodder Management towards 2030: A Case of Vision or Myopia. Int.J. Manag. Soc. Sci. Res. 2(2): 33-41.
    9. Ensminger, M. E., Oldfield, J. E. and Heineman, W. W. (1990). Feeds and Nutrition. (2nd Ed.), Ensminger publishing company. California, USA. 1511p. 
    10. Girdhar, N. and Balaraman, N. (2005). Nutrient utilisation, balances of Ca, P and N in lactating crossbred cows fed berseem fodder based total mixed ration containing different levels of energy and protein. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 75(1): 47-51. 
    11. Gupta, R.B., Tiwari, D.P. and Kumar, A. (2006). Effect of feeding complete ration vis-a -vis conventional ration on nutrient utilisation and rumen metabolism in crossbred cattle. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 76(1): 55-60.
    12. Hundal, J.S., Gupta, R.P., Wadhwa, M. and Bakshi, M.P.S. (2004). Effect of feeding total mixed ration on the productive performance of dairy cattle. Anim. Nutr. Feed Technol. 4: 179-186.
    13. ICAR. (1998). cited by Ranjhan, S.K. in Nutrient requirements of Livestock and Poultry. (2nd Ed.). Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. p.4.
    14. Kelzer, J. M., Kononoff, P. J., Gehman, A. M., Tedeschi, L. O., Karges, K. and Gibson, M. L. (2009). Effects of feeding three types of corn-milling coproducts on milk production and ruminal fermentation of lactating Holstein cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 92(10): 5120–5132.
    15. Lailer, P.C., Dahiya, S. S. and Chauhan, T. R. (2005). Complete feed for livestock concept, present status and future trend: A review. Indian. J. Anim. Sci. 75(1): 84-91. 
    16. Linton, J. A. V. and Allen, M.S. (2007). Nutrient demand affects ruminal digestion responses to a change in dietary forage concentration. J. Dairy Sci. 90(10): 4770-4779. 
    17. NRC (2001). Nutrient requirements for dairy cattle. (7th Ed). National Acad. Sci., Washington, D.C. USA. p. 408. 
    18. Pandya, P.R., Gupta, R.S., Talpada, P.M., Patel, G.R. and Desai, M.C. (2005). Effect of complete feeds based on wheat straw and Prosopis juliflora pods on growth and reproductive performance in growing crossbred heifers. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 75(1): 56-59. 
    19. Ruiz, M., Bernal, E., Staples, C. R., Sollenberger, L. E., Gallaher, R. N. (1995). Effect of dietary neutral detergent fibre concentration and forage source on performance of lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 78(2): 1995.
    20. Sadagopan, V. R. and Sunder, G. S. (1997). Quality control of feed ingredients and compounded feed for sustainable milk and egg production. In: Proceedings of VIII Animal Nutrition Research Workers Conference; 12th to 14th December, 1997, Chennai. Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University. pp. 30-37. 
    21. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1994). Statistical Methods. (8th Ed.). The Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA. 314p.
    22. Stone, W. C. (2004). Nutritional approaches to minimize subacute ruminal acidosis and laminitis in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 87(E. Suppl.): 13–26.
    23. Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74: 3583–3597.
    24. Yang, W.Z. and Beauchemin, K. A. (2005). Effects of physically effective fibre on digestion and milk production by dairy cows fed diets based on corn silage. J. Dairy Sci. 88(3): 1090-1098. 
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