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Research Article

volume 52 issue 5 (may 2018) : 658-663,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3274

Enzymatic and antioxidant response of Lamellidens marginalis exposed to mercuric chloride

A
Abhed Pandey
A
Avtar Singh
S
Shanthanagouda Admane Holeyappa
H
Harsimranjit Kaur
1Department of Aquaculture, Guru Angad Dev and Veterinary Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141 004, Punjab, India
Cite article:- Pandey Abhed, Singh Avtar, Holeyappa Admane Shanthanagouda, Kaur Harsimranjit (2017). Enzymatic and antioxidant response of Lamellidens marginalis exposed to mercuric chloride. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(5): 658-663. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3274.

ABSTRACT

In recent decades, pollution of freshwater and riverine ecosystems is indorsed to heavy metals contamination. Among various causes, heavy metals are the most concern. Many aquatic organisms have the ability to inhabit in contaminated environments, due to their defense mechanisms that allow detoxification, excretion, anti-oxidant protection and stress response. Lamellidens marginalis have the potential to accumulate the heavy metals. In the present study, the mussels were exposed to 1, 5, 10 and 15 ppm concentration of mercuric chloride for 96 hrs. Enzymatic and antioxidant parameters including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hydrogen peroxide (HP) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were used as effective criteria. All the parameters showed responses in gills, abductor muscle, mantle tissue, gills and gonads with exposure to HgCl2. Collectively, these parameters could be used as biomarker for heavy metals contamination in aquatic system using L. marginalis.

REFERENCES

  1. Ahmed, Q., Benzer, S. and Yousuf, F. (2015). Distribution of heavy metals in different tissues of Indian mackerel from Karachi fish harbour, Karachi, Pakistan. Indian J. Anim. Res. 50 (5): 759-763.
  2. Almeida, E.A., Miyamoto, S., Bainy, A.C.D., de Medeiros, M.H.G. and Mascio, P.D. (2004). Protective effect of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) against lipid peroxidation in mussels Perna perna exposed to different metals. Mar Pollut Bull. 49:386-392.
  3. Almeida, J.A., Noveli, E.L.B., Silva, M.D. and Alves, R. (2001). Environmental Cd exposure and metabolic responses of the Oreochromis niloticus. Environ Int. 27:673-679.
  4. Amanullah, B., Stalin, A., Prabu, P. and Dhanapal, S. (2010). Analysis of AchE and LDH in mollusc, Lamellidens marginalis after exposure to chlorpyrifos. J Environ Biol. 31:417-419.
  5. Aruoma, O.I. (1994). Nutrition and health aspects of free radicals and antioxidants. Food Chem. Toxicol. 32:671–683.
  6. Barnhoorn, I.E.J. and van Vuren, J.H.J. (2004). The use of different enzymes in feral freshwater fish as a tool for the assessment of water pollution in South Africa. Ecotox. Environ. Saf. 59:180-185
  7. Bebianno, J.M. (1998). The determination of heavy metal pollutants in fish samples from River Kaduna. J. Chem. Soc. 23:21-23.
  8. Bhuvaneshwari. R., Mamtha. N. and Paneer Selvam, B. (2012). Bioaccumulation of metals in muscle, liver and gills of six commercial fish species at Anaikarai Dam of river Kaveri, South India. Int. J. Pharm. Tech. 2:0976-4550.
  9. Casillas, E., Myers, M. and Ames, E. (1983). Relationship of serum chemistry values to liver and kidney histopathology in English sole (Parophrys vetulus) after acute exposure to carbon tetrachloride. Aquat.Toxicol. 3:61-78.
  10. Claiborne, A. (1985). Catalase activity. In: CRC handbook of Methods of Oxygen Radical Research. Green Wald, R. (Ed) C.R.C. Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 283–284.
  11. Das, P.C., Ayyappan, S., Das, B.K. and Jena, J.K. (2004). Nitrite toxicity in Indian major carps: sub lethal effect on selected enzymes in fingerlings. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 138:3-10
  12. Farkas, A., Salanki, J. and Specziar, A. (2002). Relation between growth and the heavy metal concentration in organs of bream Abramis brama L. populating lake Balaton. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 43 (2):236-243.
  13. Geret, F. and Bebianno, M.J. (2004). Does zinc produce reactive oxygen species in Ruditapes decussatus? Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 57(3): 399-409.
  14. Gupta, M.M. and Dani, H.M. (1979). A simplified short-term technique for detection of chemical carcinogens: microsomal degranulation by tannic acid. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 17: 1144-46.
  15. Jagtap, J.T., Shejule, K.B. and Ubarhande, S.B. (2011). Acute effect of TBTCL on protein alteration in freshwater bivalve, Lamellidens marginalis. International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 1(8):13-16.
  16. Jebali, J., Banni, M., DeAlmeida, E.A. and Boussetta, H. (2007). Oxidative DNA damage levels and catalase activity in the clam Ruditapes decussatus as pollution biomarkers of Tunisian marine environment. Environ. Monit. Assess. 124:195-200.
  17. Jiminez, B.D. and Stegeman, J, (1990). Detoxification enzymes as indicator of environmental stress on fishes. J.Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 8: 69-79.
  18. Kamath, S.A. and Narayan, K.A. (1972). Interaction of Ca2+ with endoplasmic reticulum of rat liver: a standardized procedure for the isolation of rat liver microsomes. Anal. Biochem. 48:53-61.
  19. Khan, N., Sharma, S., Alam, A., Saleem, M. and Sultana, S. (2001). Tephrosia purpurea ameliorates N-diethylnitrosamine and potassium bromate-mediated renal oxidative stress and toxicity in Wistar rats. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 88:294-99.
  20. Khazri, A., Sellami, B., Dellali, M., Corcellas, C., Eljarrat, E., Barcelo, D. and Mahmoudi, E. (2015). Acute toxicity of cypermethrin on the freshwater mussel Unio gibbus. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 115:62–66 
  21. King, J. (1965). Practical Clinical Enzymology. Von Nostrand D, Company Ltd. London. 
  22. Kinnula, V.L., Everitt, J.I., Mangum, J.B., Chang, L.Y. and Crapo, J.D. (1992). Antioxidant defense mechanisms in cultured pleural mesothelial cells. Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. 7: 95–103.
  23. Lenartova, V., Holovska, K., Pedrajas, J.R., Martinez-Lara, E., Peinado, J. and Lopez-Barea, J. (1970). Antioxidant and detoxifying fish enzymes as biomarkers of river pollution. Biomarkers 2:247-252.
  24. Luskova, V., Svoboda, M. and Kolarova, J. (2002). The effect of diazinon on blood plasma biochemistry in Carp (Cprinus carpio L.). Acta Vet. Brno. 71:117-123.
  25. Malik, H., Sajjad, S., Akhtar, S. and Bilal, S. (2016). Effect of nickel toxicity on growth parameters and hepatic enzymes in major carp. Indian J. Anim. Res. 50 (3):370-373.
  26. Marklund, S. and Marklund, G. (1974). Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur. J. Biochem. 47:469–474.
  27. Munteanu, C., Manaila, S., Condac, E., Staicu, C., Ionica, E., Nechifor, F., Costache, M. and Dinischiotu, A. (2002). LDH activity in chronic and acute manganese intoxication of Carassius auratus gibelio liver, kidney and gill. Ann. Univ. Buc. pp. 25-32.
  28. Perendija, B.R., Borkovic, S.S., Kovacevic, T.B., Pavlovic, S.Z., Stojanovic, B.D., Paunovic, M.M., Cakic, P.D., Pajovic, S.B. and Saicic, Z.S. (2007). Activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the foot of three freshwater mussel species. Arch. Biol. Sci. (Belgrade) 59:17-18.
  29. Pick, A. and Keisari, Y. (1981). Superoxide anion and H2O2 production by chemically elicited peritoneal macrophages-induction by multiple non-phagocytic stimulus. Cell. Immunol. 59:301-308.
  30. Rehulka, J. (2002). Content of inorganic and organic pollutants in the fish from the Slezska Harta reservoir. Czech. J. Anim. Sci. 47:30–44. 
  31. Robillard, S., Beauchamp, G. and Laulier, M. (2003). The role of abiotic factors and pesticide levels on enzymatic activity in the freshwater mussel Anadonta cygnea at three different exposure sites. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C. 135:49–59.
  32. Runnalls, T.J., Hala, D.N. and Sumpter, J.P. (2007). Preliminary studies into the effects of the human pharmaceutical Clofibric acid on sperm parameters in adult Fathead minnow. Aquat. Toxicol. 84:111-118. 
  33. Satyaparameshwar, K., Ravinder Reddy, T. and Vijaya Kumar, N. (2006). Study of carbohydrate metabolism in selected tissues of freshwater mussel, Lamellidens marginalis under copper sulphate toxicity. J. Environ. Biol. 27:39-41.
  34. UNEP. (2013). Global Mercury Assessment: Sources, Emissions, Releases and Environmental Transport. UNEP Chemicals Branch, Geneva, Switzerland.
  35. Vieira, L.R., Gravato, C., Soares, A.M.V., Morgado, F. and Guilhermino, L. (2009). Acute effects of copper and mercury on the estuarine fish Pomatoschistus microps: Linking biomarkers to behavior. Chemosphere 76:1416-1427.
  36. Vutukuru, S.S. (2005). Acute effects of Hexavalent chromium on survival, oxygen consumption, hematological parameters and some biochemical profiles of the Indian Major carp, Labeo rohita. Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health 2:456- 462.
  37. Wright, R., Colby, H.D. and Miles, P.R. (1981). Cytosolic factors that affect microsomal lipid peroxidation in lung and liver. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 206:296-304.
  38. Yasmeen, S. (2011). Cadmium Levels in Freshwater Bivalve Lamellidens marginalis from Kutluq Lake, Daultabad, near Aurangabad District (M.S.). India African J. Basic App. Sci. 3:243-247. 
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    Research Article

    volume 52 issue 5 (may 2018) : 658-663,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3274

    Enzymatic and antioxidant response of Lamellidens marginalis exposed to mercuric chloride

    A
    Abhed Pandey
    A
    Avtar Singh
    S
    Shanthanagouda Admane Holeyappa
    H
    Harsimranjit Kaur
    1Department of Aquaculture, Guru Angad Dev and Veterinary Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141 004, Punjab, India
    Cite article:- Pandey Abhed, Singh Avtar, Holeyappa Admane Shanthanagouda, Kaur Harsimranjit (2017). Enzymatic and antioxidant response of Lamellidens marginalis exposed to mercuric chloride. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(5): 658-663. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3274.

    ABSTRACT

    In recent decades, pollution of freshwater and riverine ecosystems is indorsed to heavy metals contamination. Among various causes, heavy metals are the most concern. Many aquatic organisms have the ability to inhabit in contaminated environments, due to their defense mechanisms that allow detoxification, excretion, anti-oxidant protection and stress response. Lamellidens marginalis have the potential to accumulate the heavy metals. In the present study, the mussels were exposed to 1, 5, 10 and 15 ppm concentration of mercuric chloride for 96 hrs. Enzymatic and antioxidant parameters including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hydrogen peroxide (HP) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were used as effective criteria. All the parameters showed responses in gills, abductor muscle, mantle tissue, gills and gonads with exposure to HgCl2. Collectively, these parameters could be used as biomarker for heavy metals contamination in aquatic system using L. marginalis.

    REFERENCES

    1. Ahmed, Q., Benzer, S. and Yousuf, F. (2015). Distribution of heavy metals in different tissues of Indian mackerel from Karachi fish harbour, Karachi, Pakistan. Indian J. Anim. Res. 50 (5): 759-763.
    2. Almeida, E.A., Miyamoto, S., Bainy, A.C.D., de Medeiros, M.H.G. and Mascio, P.D. (2004). Protective effect of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) against lipid peroxidation in mussels Perna perna exposed to different metals. Mar Pollut Bull. 49:386-392.
    3. Almeida, J.A., Noveli, E.L.B., Silva, M.D. and Alves, R. (2001). Environmental Cd exposure and metabolic responses of the Oreochromis niloticus. Environ Int. 27:673-679.
    4. Amanullah, B., Stalin, A., Prabu, P. and Dhanapal, S. (2010). Analysis of AchE and LDH in mollusc, Lamellidens marginalis after exposure to chlorpyrifos. J Environ Biol. 31:417-419.
    5. Aruoma, O.I. (1994). Nutrition and health aspects of free radicals and antioxidants. Food Chem. Toxicol. 32:671–683.
    6. Barnhoorn, I.E.J. and van Vuren, J.H.J. (2004). The use of different enzymes in feral freshwater fish as a tool for the assessment of water pollution in South Africa. Ecotox. Environ. Saf. 59:180-185
    7. Bebianno, J.M. (1998). The determination of heavy metal pollutants in fish samples from River Kaduna. J. Chem. Soc. 23:21-23.
    8. Bhuvaneshwari. R., Mamtha. N. and Paneer Selvam, B. (2012). Bioaccumulation of metals in muscle, liver and gills of six commercial fish species at Anaikarai Dam of river Kaveri, South India. Int. J. Pharm. Tech. 2:0976-4550.
    9. Casillas, E., Myers, M. and Ames, E. (1983). Relationship of serum chemistry values to liver and kidney histopathology in English sole (Parophrys vetulus) after acute exposure to carbon tetrachloride. Aquat.Toxicol. 3:61-78.
    10. Claiborne, A. (1985). Catalase activity. In: CRC handbook of Methods of Oxygen Radical Research. Green Wald, R. (Ed) C.R.C. Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 283–284.
    11. Das, P.C., Ayyappan, S., Das, B.K. and Jena, J.K. (2004). Nitrite toxicity in Indian major carps: sub lethal effect on selected enzymes in fingerlings. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 138:3-10
    12. Farkas, A., Salanki, J. and Specziar, A. (2002). Relation between growth and the heavy metal concentration in organs of bream Abramis brama L. populating lake Balaton. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 43 (2):236-243.
    13. Geret, F. and Bebianno, M.J. (2004). Does zinc produce reactive oxygen species in Ruditapes decussatus? Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 57(3): 399-409.
    14. Gupta, M.M. and Dani, H.M. (1979). A simplified short-term technique for detection of chemical carcinogens: microsomal degranulation by tannic acid. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 17: 1144-46.
    15. Jagtap, J.T., Shejule, K.B. and Ubarhande, S.B. (2011). Acute effect of TBTCL on protein alteration in freshwater bivalve, Lamellidens marginalis. International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 1(8):13-16.
    16. Jebali, J., Banni, M., DeAlmeida, E.A. and Boussetta, H. (2007). Oxidative DNA damage levels and catalase activity in the clam Ruditapes decussatus as pollution biomarkers of Tunisian marine environment. Environ. Monit. Assess. 124:195-200.
    17. Jiminez, B.D. and Stegeman, J, (1990). Detoxification enzymes as indicator of environmental stress on fishes. J.Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 8: 69-79.
    18. Kamath, S.A. and Narayan, K.A. (1972). Interaction of Ca2+ with endoplasmic reticulum of rat liver: a standardized procedure for the isolation of rat liver microsomes. Anal. Biochem. 48:53-61.
    19. Khan, N., Sharma, S., Alam, A., Saleem, M. and Sultana, S. (2001). Tephrosia purpurea ameliorates N-diethylnitrosamine and potassium bromate-mediated renal oxidative stress and toxicity in Wistar rats. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 88:294-99.
    20. Khazri, A., Sellami, B., Dellali, M., Corcellas, C., Eljarrat, E., Barcelo, D. and Mahmoudi, E. (2015). Acute toxicity of cypermethrin on the freshwater mussel Unio gibbus. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 115:62–66 
    21. King, J. (1965). Practical Clinical Enzymology. Von Nostrand D, Company Ltd. London. 
    22. Kinnula, V.L., Everitt, J.I., Mangum, J.B., Chang, L.Y. and Crapo, J.D. (1992). Antioxidant defense mechanisms in cultured pleural mesothelial cells. Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. 7: 95–103.
    23. Lenartova, V., Holovska, K., Pedrajas, J.R., Martinez-Lara, E., Peinado, J. and Lopez-Barea, J. (1970). Antioxidant and detoxifying fish enzymes as biomarkers of river pollution. Biomarkers 2:247-252.
    24. Luskova, V., Svoboda, M. and Kolarova, J. (2002). The effect of diazinon on blood plasma biochemistry in Carp (Cprinus carpio L.). Acta Vet. Brno. 71:117-123.
    25. Malik, H., Sajjad, S., Akhtar, S. and Bilal, S. (2016). Effect of nickel toxicity on growth parameters and hepatic enzymes in major carp. Indian J. Anim. Res. 50 (3):370-373.
    26. Marklund, S. and Marklund, G. (1974). Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur. J. Biochem. 47:469–474.
    27. Munteanu, C., Manaila, S., Condac, E., Staicu, C., Ionica, E., Nechifor, F., Costache, M. and Dinischiotu, A. (2002). LDH activity in chronic and acute manganese intoxication of Carassius auratus gibelio liver, kidney and gill. Ann. Univ. Buc. pp. 25-32.
    28. Perendija, B.R., Borkovic, S.S., Kovacevic, T.B., Pavlovic, S.Z., Stojanovic, B.D., Paunovic, M.M., Cakic, P.D., Pajovic, S.B. and Saicic, Z.S. (2007). Activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the foot of three freshwater mussel species. Arch. Biol. Sci. (Belgrade) 59:17-18.
    29. Pick, A. and Keisari, Y. (1981). Superoxide anion and H2O2 production by chemically elicited peritoneal macrophages-induction by multiple non-phagocytic stimulus. Cell. Immunol. 59:301-308.
    30. Rehulka, J. (2002). Content of inorganic and organic pollutants in the fish from the Slezska Harta reservoir. Czech. J. Anim. Sci. 47:30–44. 
    31. Robillard, S., Beauchamp, G. and Laulier, M. (2003). The role of abiotic factors and pesticide levels on enzymatic activity in the freshwater mussel Anadonta cygnea at three different exposure sites. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C. 135:49–59.
    32. Runnalls, T.J., Hala, D.N. and Sumpter, J.P. (2007). Preliminary studies into the effects of the human pharmaceutical Clofibric acid on sperm parameters in adult Fathead minnow. Aquat. Toxicol. 84:111-118. 
    33. Satyaparameshwar, K., Ravinder Reddy, T. and Vijaya Kumar, N. (2006). Study of carbohydrate metabolism in selected tissues of freshwater mussel, Lamellidens marginalis under copper sulphate toxicity. J. Environ. Biol. 27:39-41.
    34. UNEP. (2013). Global Mercury Assessment: Sources, Emissions, Releases and Environmental Transport. UNEP Chemicals Branch, Geneva, Switzerland.
    35. Vieira, L.R., Gravato, C., Soares, A.M.V., Morgado, F. and Guilhermino, L. (2009). Acute effects of copper and mercury on the estuarine fish Pomatoschistus microps: Linking biomarkers to behavior. Chemosphere 76:1416-1427.
    36. Vutukuru, S.S. (2005). Acute effects of Hexavalent chromium on survival, oxygen consumption, hematological parameters and some biochemical profiles of the Indian Major carp, Labeo rohita. Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health 2:456- 462.
    37. Wright, R., Colby, H.D. and Miles, P.R. (1981). Cytosolic factors that affect microsomal lipid peroxidation in lung and liver. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 206:296-304.
    38. Yasmeen, S. (2011). Cadmium Levels in Freshwater Bivalve Lamellidens marginalis from Kutluq Lake, Daultabad, near Aurangabad District (M.S.). India African J. Basic App. Sci. 3:243-247. 
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