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Research Article

volume 52 issue 5 (may 2018) : 724-729,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3265

Effect of feeding sweet sorghum silage with or without supplementation on nutrient digestibilities and performance in Nellore brown ram lambs

K
K.Jalajakshi
Y
Y. Ramana Reddy
R
Reddy Vara Prasad
1Livestock Research Station, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Siddarampuram village, Bukkarayasamudram Mandal, Anantapur-515 001, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Cite article:- K.Jalajakshi, Reddy Ramana Y., Prasad Vara Reddy (2017). Effect of feeding sweet sorghum silage with or without supplementation on nutrient digestibilities and performance in Nellore brown ram lambs. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(5): 724-729. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3265.

ABSTRACT

The present experiment was designed to evaluate the sweet sorghum (SS) silage which is both grain and forage yielding type, with or without supplementation in a 120 d growth-cum-digestion trial to develop SS silage based feeding system for growing ram lambs. Twenty four ram lambs (11.33 ±0.12 kg) were randomly divided into four groups of six each and fed SS silage, SS silage supplemented with dried subabul leaves, concentrate mixture and ground maize grain at 1% of their live weight.  Digestibility study was conducted at the end of the growth trail following collection period of 7 days. The CP content of SS silage was 8.44%. ADG (g) was significantly (P<0.01) higher in lambs fed SS silage with supplements than without supplements.  Feed conversion ratio (DMI kg/kg gain) in Nellore growing ram lambs ranged from 6.56-9.02 and significant difference (P<0.01) was observed among the experimental groups. Among the supplemental groups cost ()/kg live weight gain was significantly (P<0.01) highest in ram lambs fed with concentrate followed by supplementation with dried subabul leaves and ground maize grain. No significant difference was found among the four groups for digestibility coefficients except for EE (P <0.01). Lambs fed on sole SS silage had significantly lower DMI, DCP and TDN intake (P <0.01) than those fed on SS silage with supplemental diets. Feeding sweet sorghum silage with supplements like top feeds, compound feed and maize grain at 1% of their body weight improved performance, nutrient digestibility and met energy/protein requirements in growing lambs. It is concluded that supplementation of SS silage with ground maize at 1% of their live weight is considered to be economical for rearing of growing ram lambs. 

REFERENCES

  1. AOAC. (1997). Official Methods of Analysis, 16th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
  2. Chauhan TR and Gupta R (1992). Effect of feeding conventional and non-conventional concentrate mixtures with Oat silage on nutrient utilization in growing buffalo calves. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 9(4): 219-223.
  3. Das, A. and Ghosh, S. K. (2001). Effect of concentrate supplementation on growth performance of grazing kids. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 18 (1): 79-83.
  4. Devasena, B. and Krishna, N. (1996). Effect of feed supplementation on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization in sheep fed colonial guinea grass based rations. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 66 (9): 949-951.
  5. Dixon, R. M. and Egan, A. R. (2000). Response of lambs fed low quality roughages to supplements based on urea cereal grain or protein meal. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 51: 811-821.
  6. Dixon, R. M., Karda, W., Hosking, B. J. and Egan, A. R. (2003). Effect of oilseed meals and grain urea supplements fed infrequently in digestion in sheep fed cereal straw diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 110: 95-110.
  7. Duncan, D. B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F test. Biometrics. 11: 1-42.
  8. FAO.(2000b). Hay and straw conservation- For small-scale Farming and Pastoral Conditions. FAO plant protection series No29 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome,htpp://www.fao.org/docrep/005/x7660e/x7660e00.htm.
  9. Filya, I. (2004). Nutritive value and aerobic stability of whole crop maize silage harvested at four stages of maturity. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 116: 141-150.
  10. Hegde (2006). Livestock development for sustainable livelihood of small farmers. 48th National symposium
  11. Keane, M. G., Drennan, M. J. and Moloney, A. P. (2006). Comparison of supplementary concentrate levels with grass silage, separate or total mixed ration feeding, and duration of finishing in beef steers. Livestock Science, 103 (1-2): 169-180.
  12. Kim, S.C., Kim, J.H., Kim, C.H., Lee, J.C. and Ko, Y.D. (2000). Effects of whole crop corn ensiled with cage layer manure on nutritional quality and microbial protein synthesis in sheep. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 13, 1548-1553. 
  13. Marina, V., Mladen, K., Kresimir, B., Josip, L. and Goran, P. (2007). Feeding of low quality grass silage supplemented with maize silage for sheep. Agricultural and Food Science, 16: 17-24.
  14. Ningaraju, K.,Bhaskaran,R., Krishnamoorthy, U., Rajeswari, Y.B., Chandrapal Singh, K., Satyanarayana, K., Mahadevappa, D., Gouri and Wali,S.Y.(2015) Effect of Feeding Sorghum Stover and Sorghum Stover silage on performance of Lactating Crossbred Cows. Frontier J. Vet. Anim. Sci. Vol.4 No.1 (Jan-June) 2015.
  15. Nutrient Requirements of Animals Sheep, Goat and Rabbit (ICAR NIANP), 2013 3rd Ed. New Delhi.
  16. Nalini kumari, N., Ramana Reddy, Y. and Ravinder Reddy, C. (2012) Growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing ram lambs fed sweet sorghum bagasse-based complete rations varying in roughage-to-concentrate ratios Tropical Animal Health and Production Vol 45 (2): 649-655.
  17. Petit HV and Castonguay F (1994). Growth and carcass quality of prolific crossbred lambs fed silage with fish meal or different amounts of concentrate. Journal of Animal Science, 72:1849-1856.
  18. Pratap Reddy, V., Rama Prasad, J., Krishna, N. and Anjaneya Prasad, D. (1989). Effect of supplementation of energy and protein to forage based basal ration in Nellore weaner lambs. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 6: 302-306.
  19. Rafiq, M., Dixon, R. M., Hosking, P. J. and Egan, A. R. (2002). Leaf content of straw diets influences supplementation responses by sheep. Animal feed Science and Technology, 100: 93-106.
  20. Rama Prasad, J., Prabhakara Rao, Z. and Srinivasa Rao, D. 1999. Evaluation of leguminous hay based complete rations in sheep. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 16 (1): 48-52.
  21. Reddy YR, Sarjan KR, Sudhakar K, Gupta BR and Prakash MG (2009). Evaluation of Azolla and sheanut based diets on growth performance and nutrient utilization in Nellore weaners under different management systems. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 26(1):46-50.
  22. Reddy, G. V. N. and Reddy, M. R. (1988). Maize silage as sole ration for sheep and goats. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 5 (2): 160-162.
  23. Reddy, G.V.N., Reddy, A.R., Anjaneyulu,Y., Reddy, Y.R.,(2005) Technologies for Enhancing Feed Quality, Publication of results of Team of Excellance on feed technology and quality assurance(NATP), ANGRAU, Hyderabad, India
  24. Rowghani, E., Zamiri, M. J., Khorvash, M. and Abdollahipanah, A. 2008. The effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidi propionici on corn silage fermentation, ruminal degradability and nutrient digestibility in sheep. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 9 (4): 309-315.
  25. Saibutcha Rao, M., Khan, A.A., Ravi, D., Prasad, K.V.S.V., Ramana Reddy, Y. and Blummel, M. (2013). Effect of energy and protein levels in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) bagasse leaf residue based complete feed on the performance of growing Deccani lambs. In: proc. Global Animal Nutrition Conference (GLANCE 2014) on “Climate Resilient Livestock Feeding Systems for Global Food Security held at Bangalore, India during April 20-22, 2014. p.161.
  26. Sartori IBM, Evaldo Ferrari Junior I, RosanaAparecidaPossenti I, DiorandeBianchini II, FontouraLeinz Frederick II and Carlos Frederico de Carvalho Rodrigues II (2004) Performance of lambs fed sunflower silage or maize with increasing proportions of concentrate. R. Bras. Zootec, 33 (6).
  27. Shaver, R. D., Erdmann, R. A. and Vanderall, J. H. (1984). Effect of silage pH on voluntary intake of corn silage. Journal of Dairy Science, 67: 2045- 2049
  28. Snedecor S.W. and Cochran W.G.(1994). Statistical Methods. 8th Ed. Iowa State University Press, USA.
  29. Snowder GD and Van Vleck LD (2003). Estimate the genetic parameters and selection strategies to improve the economic efficiency of post weaning growth in lambs. Journal of Animal Science, 81:2704-2713.
  30. Sohail, H. K., Muhammad, A. S., Maher, N. and Muhammad, S. 2010. Nutrients intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and growth performance of sheep fed different silages with or without concentrate. Tropical Animal Health and Production. DOI 10.1007/    s11250-010-9765-1.
  31. Sreenivasulu,M., RamanaReddy,Y. and Nagalakshmi,D.(2012). Effectof Feeding Maize silage supplemented with Concentrate and legume hay on nutrient Digestibility in Nellore Ram Lambs. Tamilnadu Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences No 8(6) 368-376;
  32. Venkateswarlu, M., Ramana Reddy, Y., Lakshmi, D.N., Narasimha, J., Mahender, M., Rajasekhara Reddy, A., Jagadeeshwar and Pawani, M. (2013). Effect of feeding maize silage supplemented with concentrate and legume hay on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in Nellore ram lambs. International J. of Scientific and Res. Publications. 3(4) : 1-8.
  33. Vidya,B., Ramana Reddy, Y., Srinivasa Rao, D., Ravinder Reddy, V., NaliniKumari, N. and Blummel(2015) Effect of supplementation of concentrate to sweet sorghum bagasse with leaf residue silage on nutrient utilization and nitrogen balance in native sheep. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 50(3): 387-391.
  34. Vinutha K S, Khan A A, Prakasham R S, Srinivasa Rao P, Ravi D, Prasad K V S V, Ramana Reddy Y and Blummel M. Comparisons of ensiled maize, sorghum and pearl millet forages fed to sheep. In: proc. XVI Biennial Animal Nutrition Conference on “Innovative Approaches for Animal Feeding and Nutritional Research” organized by ANSI, NDRI, Karnal, February 6-8, (2016). p. 169 (book of abstracts). 
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    Research Article

    volume 52 issue 5 (may 2018) : 724-729,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3265

    Effect of feeding sweet sorghum silage with or without supplementation on nutrient digestibilities and performance in Nellore brown ram lambs

    K
    K.Jalajakshi
    Y
    Y. Ramana Reddy
    R
    Reddy Vara Prasad
    1Livestock Research Station, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Siddarampuram village, Bukkarayasamudram Mandal, Anantapur-515 001, Andhra Pradesh, India.
    Cite article:- K.Jalajakshi, Reddy Ramana Y., Prasad Vara Reddy (2017). Effect of feeding sweet sorghum silage with or without supplementation on nutrient digestibilities and performance in Nellore brown ram lambs. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(5): 724-729. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3265.

    ABSTRACT

    The present experiment was designed to evaluate the sweet sorghum (SS) silage which is both grain and forage yielding type, with or without supplementation in a 120 d growth-cum-digestion trial to develop SS silage based feeding system for growing ram lambs. Twenty four ram lambs (11.33 ±0.12 kg) were randomly divided into four groups of six each and fed SS silage, SS silage supplemented with dried subabul leaves, concentrate mixture and ground maize grain at 1% of their live weight.  Digestibility study was conducted at the end of the growth trail following collection period of 7 days. The CP content of SS silage was 8.44%. ADG (g) was significantly (P<0.01) higher in lambs fed SS silage with supplements than without supplements.  Feed conversion ratio (DMI kg/kg gain) in Nellore growing ram lambs ranged from 6.56-9.02 and significant difference (P<0.01) was observed among the experimental groups. Among the supplemental groups cost ()/kg live weight gain was significantly (P<0.01) highest in ram lambs fed with concentrate followed by supplementation with dried subabul leaves and ground maize grain. No significant difference was found among the four groups for digestibility coefficients except for EE (P <0.01). Lambs fed on sole SS silage had significantly lower DMI, DCP and TDN intake (P <0.01) than those fed on SS silage with supplemental diets. Feeding sweet sorghum silage with supplements like top feeds, compound feed and maize grain at 1% of their body weight improved performance, nutrient digestibility and met energy/protein requirements in growing lambs. It is concluded that supplementation of SS silage with ground maize at 1% of their live weight is considered to be economical for rearing of growing ram lambs. 

    REFERENCES

    1. AOAC. (1997). Official Methods of Analysis, 16th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
    2. Chauhan TR and Gupta R (1992). Effect of feeding conventional and non-conventional concentrate mixtures with Oat silage on nutrient utilization in growing buffalo calves. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 9(4): 219-223.
    3. Das, A. and Ghosh, S. K. (2001). Effect of concentrate supplementation on growth performance of grazing kids. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 18 (1): 79-83.
    4. Devasena, B. and Krishna, N. (1996). Effect of feed supplementation on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization in sheep fed colonial guinea grass based rations. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 66 (9): 949-951.
    5. Dixon, R. M. and Egan, A. R. (2000). Response of lambs fed low quality roughages to supplements based on urea cereal grain or protein meal. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 51: 811-821.
    6. Dixon, R. M., Karda, W., Hosking, B. J. and Egan, A. R. (2003). Effect of oilseed meals and grain urea supplements fed infrequently in digestion in sheep fed cereal straw diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 110: 95-110.
    7. Duncan, D. B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F test. Biometrics. 11: 1-42.
    8. FAO.(2000b). Hay and straw conservation- For small-scale Farming and Pastoral Conditions. FAO plant protection series No29 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome,htpp://www.fao.org/docrep/005/x7660e/x7660e00.htm.
    9. Filya, I. (2004). Nutritive value and aerobic stability of whole crop maize silage harvested at four stages of maturity. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 116: 141-150.
    10. Hegde (2006). Livestock development for sustainable livelihood of small farmers. 48th National symposium
    11. Keane, M. G., Drennan, M. J. and Moloney, A. P. (2006). Comparison of supplementary concentrate levels with grass silage, separate or total mixed ration feeding, and duration of finishing in beef steers. Livestock Science, 103 (1-2): 169-180.
    12. Kim, S.C., Kim, J.H., Kim, C.H., Lee, J.C. and Ko, Y.D. (2000). Effects of whole crop corn ensiled with cage layer manure on nutritional quality and microbial protein synthesis in sheep. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 13, 1548-1553. 
    13. Marina, V., Mladen, K., Kresimir, B., Josip, L. and Goran, P. (2007). Feeding of low quality grass silage supplemented with maize silage for sheep. Agricultural and Food Science, 16: 17-24.
    14. Ningaraju, K.,Bhaskaran,R., Krishnamoorthy, U., Rajeswari, Y.B., Chandrapal Singh, K., Satyanarayana, K., Mahadevappa, D., Gouri and Wali,S.Y.(2015) Effect of Feeding Sorghum Stover and Sorghum Stover silage on performance of Lactating Crossbred Cows. Frontier J. Vet. Anim. Sci. Vol.4 No.1 (Jan-June) 2015.
    15. Nutrient Requirements of Animals Sheep, Goat and Rabbit (ICAR NIANP), 2013 3rd Ed. New Delhi.
    16. Nalini kumari, N., Ramana Reddy, Y. and Ravinder Reddy, C. (2012) Growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing ram lambs fed sweet sorghum bagasse-based complete rations varying in roughage-to-concentrate ratios Tropical Animal Health and Production Vol 45 (2): 649-655.
    17. Petit HV and Castonguay F (1994). Growth and carcass quality of prolific crossbred lambs fed silage with fish meal or different amounts of concentrate. Journal of Animal Science, 72:1849-1856.
    18. Pratap Reddy, V., Rama Prasad, J., Krishna, N. and Anjaneya Prasad, D. (1989). Effect of supplementation of energy and protein to forage based basal ration in Nellore weaner lambs. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 6: 302-306.
    19. Rafiq, M., Dixon, R. M., Hosking, P. J. and Egan, A. R. (2002). Leaf content of straw diets influences supplementation responses by sheep. Animal feed Science and Technology, 100: 93-106.
    20. Rama Prasad, J., Prabhakara Rao, Z. and Srinivasa Rao, D. 1999. Evaluation of leguminous hay based complete rations in sheep. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 16 (1): 48-52.
    21. Reddy YR, Sarjan KR, Sudhakar K, Gupta BR and Prakash MG (2009). Evaluation of Azolla and sheanut based diets on growth performance and nutrient utilization in Nellore weaners under different management systems. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 26(1):46-50.
    22. Reddy, G. V. N. and Reddy, M. R. (1988). Maize silage as sole ration for sheep and goats. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 5 (2): 160-162.
    23. Reddy, G.V.N., Reddy, A.R., Anjaneyulu,Y., Reddy, Y.R.,(2005) Technologies for Enhancing Feed Quality, Publication of results of Team of Excellance on feed technology and quality assurance(NATP), ANGRAU, Hyderabad, India
    24. Rowghani, E., Zamiri, M. J., Khorvash, M. and Abdollahipanah, A. 2008. The effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidi propionici on corn silage fermentation, ruminal degradability and nutrient digestibility in sheep. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 9 (4): 309-315.
    25. Saibutcha Rao, M., Khan, A.A., Ravi, D., Prasad, K.V.S.V., Ramana Reddy, Y. and Blummel, M. (2013). Effect of energy and protein levels in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) bagasse leaf residue based complete feed on the performance of growing Deccani lambs. In: proc. Global Animal Nutrition Conference (GLANCE 2014) on “Climate Resilient Livestock Feeding Systems for Global Food Security held at Bangalore, India during April 20-22, 2014. p.161.
    26. Sartori IBM, Evaldo Ferrari Junior I, RosanaAparecidaPossenti I, DiorandeBianchini II, FontouraLeinz Frederick II and Carlos Frederico de Carvalho Rodrigues II (2004) Performance of lambs fed sunflower silage or maize with increasing proportions of concentrate. R. Bras. Zootec, 33 (6).
    27. Shaver, R. D., Erdmann, R. A. and Vanderall, J. H. (1984). Effect of silage pH on voluntary intake of corn silage. Journal of Dairy Science, 67: 2045- 2049
    28. Snedecor S.W. and Cochran W.G.(1994). Statistical Methods. 8th Ed. Iowa State University Press, USA.
    29. Snowder GD and Van Vleck LD (2003). Estimate the genetic parameters and selection strategies to improve the economic efficiency of post weaning growth in lambs. Journal of Animal Science, 81:2704-2713.
    30. Sohail, H. K., Muhammad, A. S., Maher, N. and Muhammad, S. 2010. Nutrients intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and growth performance of sheep fed different silages with or without concentrate. Tropical Animal Health and Production. DOI 10.1007/    s11250-010-9765-1.
    31. Sreenivasulu,M., RamanaReddy,Y. and Nagalakshmi,D.(2012). Effectof Feeding Maize silage supplemented with Concentrate and legume hay on nutrient Digestibility in Nellore Ram Lambs. Tamilnadu Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences No 8(6) 368-376;
    32. Venkateswarlu, M., Ramana Reddy, Y., Lakshmi, D.N., Narasimha, J., Mahender, M., Rajasekhara Reddy, A., Jagadeeshwar and Pawani, M. (2013). Effect of feeding maize silage supplemented with concentrate and legume hay on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in Nellore ram lambs. International J. of Scientific and Res. Publications. 3(4) : 1-8.
    33. Vidya,B., Ramana Reddy, Y., Srinivasa Rao, D., Ravinder Reddy, V., NaliniKumari, N. and Blummel(2015) Effect of supplementation of concentrate to sweet sorghum bagasse with leaf residue silage on nutrient utilization and nitrogen balance in native sheep. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 50(3): 387-391.
    34. Vinutha K S, Khan A A, Prakasham R S, Srinivasa Rao P, Ravi D, Prasad K V S V, Ramana Reddy Y and Blummel M. Comparisons of ensiled maize, sorghum and pearl millet forages fed to sheep. In: proc. XVI Biennial Animal Nutrition Conference on “Innovative Approaches for Animal Feeding and Nutritional Research” organized by ANSI, NDRI, Karnal, February 6-8, (2016). p. 169 (book of abstracts). 
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