Indian Journal of Animal Research

  • Chief EditorK.M.L. Pathak

  • Print ISSN 0367-6722

  • Online ISSN 0976-0555

  • NAAS Rating 6.50

  • SJR 0.263

  • Impact Factor 0.5 (2023)

Frequency :
Monthly (January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December)
Indexing Services :
Science Citation Index Expanded, BIOSIS Preview, ISI Citation Index, Biological Abstracts, Scopus, AGRICOLA, Google Scholar, CrossRef, CAB Abstracting Journals, Chemical Abstracts, Indian Science Abstracts, EBSCO Indexing Services, Index Copernicus
Submit

Research Article

Indian Journal of Animal Research, volume 50 issue 2 (april 2016) : 242-249

Heat stress amelioration measures in lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes: Effect on body weight changes, dry matter intake, milk production and economics

Kalyan Sundar Das*, Jitendra Kumar Singh, Ghansham Singh, Raman Malik, Parminder Singh Oberoi1
1<p>Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes,&nbsp;Regional Station-Bir Dosanjh, Nabha, Patiala-147 201, India</p>
Cite article:- Das* Sundar Kalyan, Singh Kumar Jitendra, Singh Ghansham, Malik Raman, Oberoi1 Singh Parminder (2016). Heat stress amelioration measures in lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes: Effect on body weight changes, dry matter intake, milk production and economics . Indian Journal of Animal Research. 50(2): 242-249. doi: 10.18805/ijar.8414.

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to find out the effect of heat stress amelioration on body weight changes, dry matter intake, milk yield and economics in lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes during hot-dry (HD; April to Mid June) and hot-humid (HH; Mid June to August) seasons under tropical climate. Forty two Nili-Ravi lactating buffaloes were uniformly divided into two groups of twenty one in each considering their lactation number, stage of lactation, body weight, dam’s milk yield and milk yield in current lactation. The control (T0) group buffaloes were kept in separate shed without any nutrient supplementation and modification in microclimate and management. The treatment (T1) group was supplemented with niacin, yeast, edible oil in feed and provided curtains and mist fans in the shed, and altered feeding time, frequency and type of ration. The overall mean body weights in control and treatment group buffaloes were noted to be 517.4 kg and 523.4 kg, respectively. Under HD and HH seasons, mean body weights at different fortnights in treatment group buffaloes were 515.6 kg and 531.1 kg, respectively. In control group, the respective values were 512 kg and 522.7 kg. Although the body weights were higher in treatment than control group, there were no statistically significant differences between two experimental groups. The overall mean daily total dry matter intake (TDMI), dry matter intake through concentrate (CDMI),  dry matter intake through dry fodder (DFDMI) and dry matter intake through green fodder (GFDMI) were noted to be 13.04, 4.21, 1.02, 7.92, 14.13, 4.24, 1.17 and 8.65 kg in control and treatment group buffaloes, respectively. Under both seasons, treatment group buffaloes consumed more dry matter than control group throughout the experimental period. The values were also differed significantly (ranged from P<0.05 to P<0.0001) between two groups.  The overall mean values of fortnightly total milk production were 103.2 kg in control group and 121.5 kg in treatment group. Throughout the period, treatment group buffaloes produced more milk than control. Milk production was also significantly (P<0.0001) differed between control and treatment groups under two seasons. The daily average additional input cost per buffalo was maximum 22/- and additional income per buffalo was minimum  35/-. Therefore, the net profit was around 13/- per buffalo per day. The input: output ratio was calculated to be 1:1.59. It can be concluded that the use of such types of housing, nutritional and management interventions in the form of one package not only helps to maintain body weight but also increases dry matter intake and favours economic milk production in lactating buffaloes through reducing heat stress during hot-dry and hot-humid seasons in tropical climate. 

REFERENCES


  1. Albright, J. L. and Alliston, C.W. (1972). Effects of varying the environment upon performance of dairy cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 32: 566–377.

  2. Armstrong, D.V. (1994). Heat stress interaction with shade and cooling. J.Dairy Sci., 77: 279-287.

  3. Beede, D.K. and Collier, R.J. (1986). Potential nutritional strategies for intensively managed cattle during thermal stress. J. Animal Sci., 62: 543-554.

  4. Chan, S.C., Huber, J.T., Chen, K.H., Simas, J.M. and Wu, Z. (1997). Effects of ruminally inert fat and evaporative cooling on dairy cows in hot environmental temperatures. J. Dairy Sci., 80: 1172-1178.

  5. Collier, R.J., Beede, D.K., Thatchet, W.W., Israel, L.A. and Wilcox, C.J. (1982). Influences of environment and its modifications on dairy animal health and production. J. Dairy Sci., 65: 28-29.

  6. El-Khashab Mona, A. (2010). Physiological and productive responses to amelioration of heat stress in lactating buffaloes under hot summer conditions in Egypt. Available at: http://www.spsa-egy.org, 835.

  7. Fuquay, J.W. (1981). Heat stress as it affects animal production J. Animal Sci., 52:164-174.

  8. Ghosh, C.P. and Prasad, S. (2007). Effect of two different cooling strategies on microclimate, physiological reactions and production performance of crossbred cows during summer. Indian J. Animal Sci., 77: 1238-1243.

  9. Hooda, O.K. and Singh, G. (2010). Effect of thermal stress on feed intake, plasma enzymes and blood biochemicals in buffalo heifers. Indian J. Animal Nutrition, 27: 122-127. 

  10. Huber, J.T., Higginbotham; G., Gomez-Alarcon, R.A., Taylor, R.B., Chen, K. H., Chan, S.C. and Wu, Z. (1994). Heat stress interactions with protein, supplemental fat and fungal cultures. J. Dairy Sci. 77: 2080-2090.

  11. Igono, M.O., Steevens, B.J., Shanklin, M.D. and Johnson, H.D. (1985). Spray cooling effects on milk production, milk and rectal temperatures of cows during a moderate summer season. J. Dairy Sci., 68: 979–985.

  12. Kadzere, C.T., Murphy, M.R., Silanikove, N. and Maltz, E. (2002). Heat stress in lactating dairy cows: A review. Livest. Prod. Sci., 77: 59–91.

  13. Kaur, P., Singh, A., Bagha, A., Kaur, C.S. and Singh, P. (2003). Techno-economic evaluation of different cooling systems for dairy shelters. Indian J. Dairy Sci., 56: 367-371.

  14. Knapp, D.M. and Grummer, R.R. (1991). Response of lactating dairy cows to fat supplementation during heat stress. J. Dairy Sci., 74: 2573-2579.

  15. Kumar, V., Yadav, R.S. and Rana, Z.S. (1993). Influence of summer management practices on production performance of lactating Murrah buffaloes. Indian J. Animal Prod. Mgmt., 9: 74-78.

  16. Lin, J.C., Moss, B. R., Koon, J. L., Flood, C. A., Smith III, R.C., Cummins, K.A. and Coleman, D.A. (1998). Comparison of various fan, sprinkler, and mister systems in reducing heat stress in dairy cows. Appl. Engineering Ag., 14: 177–182.

  17. Little, R. C., Henry, P. R. and Ammerman, C.B. (1998). Statistical analysis of repeated measures data using SAS procedures. J. Anim. Sci., 76: 1216-1231.

  18. Marai, I.F.F. and Haeeb, A.A.M. (2010). Buffalo’s biological functions as affected by heat stress- A review. Livest. Sci., 127: 89-109.

  19. McDowell, R.E., Hooven, N.W. and Camoens, J.K. (1976). Effects of climate on performance of Holsteins in first lactation. J. Dairy Sci., 59: 965–973.

  20. Moss, R.J. (1993). Rearing heifers in the subtropics: nutrient requirements and supplementation. Trop. Grassland, 27: 238-349.

  21. Muller, L.D., Heinrichs, A.J., Cooper, J.B. and Atkin, Y. H., (1986). Supplemental niacin for lactating cows during summer feeding. J. Dairy Sci., 69: 1616.

  22. National Research Council. (1989). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. Sixth Revised Edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

  23. Pereira, A.M.F., Flavio, B. Jr., Evaldo, A.L.T. and Afonso Almeida. J.A. (2008). Effect of thermal stress on physiological parameters, feed intake and plasma thyroid hormones concentration in Alentejana, Mertolenga, Frisian and Limousine cattle breeds. International J. Biometeriology, 52: 199-208.

  24. Ryan, D. P., Boland, M. P., Kopel, E., Armstrong, D., Munyakazi, L., Godke, R.A. and Ingraham, R.H. (1992). Evaluating two different evaporative cooling management systems for dairy cows in a hot, dry climate. J. Dairy Sci., 75: 1052–1059.

  25. Sanchez, W.K., McGuire, M.A. and Beede, D.K. (1994). Macromineral nutrition by heat stress interactions in dairy cattle: review and original research. J. Dairy Sci., 77: 2051-2079.

  26. Sharma, A.K., Rodriguez, L.A., Mekonnen, G., Wilcox, C.J, Bachman, K.C. and Collier, R.J. (1983). Climatological and genetic effects on milk composition and yield. J. Dairy Sci., 66: 119–126.

  27. Shwartz, G., Rhoads, M.L., VanBaale, M.J., Rhoads, R.P. and Baumgard, L.H. (2009). Effect of a supplemental yeast culture on heat-stressed lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci., 92: 935-942.

  28. Silanikove, N. (1992). Effects of water scarcity and hot environment on appetite and digestion in ruminants: a review. Livest. Prod. Sci., 30: 175–194.

  29. Singh, G., Kamboj, M.L. and Patil, N.V. (2005). Effect of thermal protective measures during hot humid season on productive and reproductive performance of Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Indian Buffalo J., 3: 101-104.

  30. Srivastava, R.K., Dhingra, D.P., Gangwar, P.C., Soni, P. L., Mehta, S.N. and Singh, C. (1978) Effect of spray cooling and wallowing on milk yield and reproductive performance of buffaloes. J. Ag. Engineering, 15: 189-196.

  31. Strickland, J. T., Bucklin, R.A., Nordstedt, R.A., Beede, D. K. and Bray, D.R. (1988). Sprinkling and fan evaporative cooling for dairy cattle in Florida. ASAE, Paper 88-4042. American Society of Agriculture Engineers. Rapid City, 12.

  32. Takamitsu, A., Takahashi, S., Kurihara, M. and Kume, S. (1987). Effect of an evaporative cooling procedure on the physiological responses of lactating dairy cows in a hot, humid climate. Japan J. Zootech Sci., 58: 790-796.

  33. Taylor, R.B., Huber, J.T., Gomez-Alarcon, W.F. and Pang, X. (1991). Protein degradability and evaporative cooling on performances of dairy cows during hot environmental temperature. J. Dairy Sci., 74: 243-249.

  34. Tomer, O.S. (1980). Management practice for optimum milk production in buffaloes, Proceedings of Summer Institute on buffalo management system. CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 101-111.

  35. Turner, L.W., Chastain, J.P., Hemken, R.W., Gates, R.S. and Crist, W.L. (1992). Reducing heat stress in dairy cows through sprinkler and fan cooling. Appl. Engineering Ag., 8: 251-256.

  36. West, J.W. (1995). Managing and Feeding lactating Dairy cows in hot weather. United States Department of Agriculture.

  37. West, J.W. (1998). Nutritional strategies for managing the heat-stressed dairy cow. J. Dairy Sci., 82 (Suppl. 2): 21-35.

  38. West, J.W. (2003). Effect of heat stress on production in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 86: 2131-44.

  39. West, J.W., Mullinix, B.G. and Bernard, J.K. (2003). Effects of hot, humid weather on milk temperature, dry matter intake, and milk yield of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 86: 232–42.
Reviewed By

Download Article
In this Article
    Contact us
    Follow us

    Editorial Board

    View all (0)