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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 49 issue 4 (august 2015) : 451-460,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00123.5

Comparative histology and histochemistry of the major salivary glands in the giant pouched-rats (Cricetomys gambianus) and greater cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus)

I
Igbokwe Casmir Onwuaso
C
Chebe Peter Neba
U
Umar Muhammed Bello
1Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Cite article:- Onwuaso Casmir Igbokwe, Neba Peter Chebe, Bello Muhammed Umar (2025). Comparative histology and histochemistry of the major salivary glands in the giant pouched-rats (Cricetomys gambianus) and greater cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus). Indian Journal of Animal Research. 49(4): 451-460. doi: 10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00123.5.

ABSTRACT

The comparative morphometry , histology and histochemistry of the submandibular, parotid and sublingual glands were studied in the wild adult African giant pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus) and greater cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus). The submandibular was purely serous in the giant pouched rats, but sero-mucous in the cane rats with serous acini predominating. Serous demilunes were common in the submandibular gland of cane rats but not in that of giant rats. The parotid contained serous acini in both species, in addition intermingled copious globular fat tissue was observed in the cane rats. The sublingual gland showed sero-mucous acini with mucous predominating in both rodents. Large striated (intralobular) ducts were present in the parenchyma of both rats. Strong activity of neutral mucins was observed in submandibular and parotid gland of both rodents, however acidic mucins were absent. The sublingual gland showed reactivity for neutral and acidic mucins in both rats. Gross morphometry indicated significant differences (p

REFERENCES

  1. Adu, E.K., Otsyina R.H. and Agyei A. D. (2005). The efficacy of different dose levels of albendazole for reducing fecal worm egg count in naturally infected grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus, Temminck). Livestock Res. Rural Dev., 17: 1-6.
  2. Anderson, L. C., Suleiman A. H. and Ganett J.R. (1994). Morphological effects of diabetes on the granular ducts and acini of rat submandibular gland. Microsc. Res. Tech., 27: 61-70.
  3. Asojo, T.A., and Aire T. A. (1983). Microstereological and histochemical studies of salivary glands of the giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse). Acta Anat., 117: 65-72.
  4. Bancroft, J.D. and Gamble M. (2002). Theory and Practice of Histological Technique, 5th edition, Churchill Livingstone, Toronto.
  5. Bazarbayeva, M. Zh., Yessisiitova Z ., Kozhamzharova L.S. and Seitbayev K. Zh. (2013). Histological and histochemical study of salivary glands of two species of insectivores. World Appl. Sci. J., 25: 1302-1307.
  6. Chapman, R.C. and Bennet A.F. (1975). Physiological correlates of burrowing in rodents. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 51A: 599-603.
  7. Bellavia, S.L., Sanz E.G., Sereno R. and Vermouth N.T (1992). Alpha-amylase circadian rhythm of young rat parotid: an endogenous rhythm with maternal coordination. Arch Oral Biol., 37: 429-433.
  8. Dhabale, B.J.B. (2014). Histological and histochemical study of human submandibular gland. Doctor of Medicine (Thesis), Rajiv Ghandi University of Health Science, Karnataka, Bangalore, India.
  9. Elewa, Y.H., Bareedy M.H., Abuel-Atta A. A., Ichii O., Otsuka S., Kanazawa T., Lee S., Hashimoto Y. and Kon Y. (2010). Structural characteristics of goat (Capra hircus) parotid salivary glands. Japanese J. Vet. Res., 58: 9-18.
  10. El-Ramli A., Yasear A.Y. and Sultan A. (2013). Structural histological changes in the parotid salivary gland of rabbit treated with neostigmine. J. Basic. Med. Allied Sci., 1: 2666652.
  11. Espinal, E.G., Ubios A.M. and Cabrini R.L. (1983). Freeze-fracture of salivary glands of rat observed by scanning electron microscopy. Acta Anat., 117:15-20.
  12. Esteconodo S., Codon S.M. and Casanave E.B. (2005). Histological study of salivary glands in aedus pichiy Z (Mamma;ia, Xenartha, Dasypodidae). Int. J. Morphol., 23: 179-194.
  13. Genkins, G.N. (1978). Saliva. In: The Physiology and Biochemistry of the Mouth. 4th ed., Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, UK. pp. 284-359.
  14. Hand, A.R. (1972). The effects of acute starvation on parotid acinar cells. Ultrstructural and cytochemical observations on ad libitum and starved rats. Amer. J. Anat., 135: 71-92.
  15. Ferraris, M.E., Arriaga A., Busso C. and Caranza M. (1999). Histological study of parotid, submaxillary and von Ebner salivary glands in chronic alcoholics. Acta Odontol. Latinoam., 12: 97-102.
  16. Ikpegbu, E.U., Nlebedum U. C., Nnadozie O. and Agbakwuru I.O. (2013a). Microscopic study of the submandibular salivary gland of adult African giant pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse 1840). Iraqi J. Vet. Sci., 27: 85-89
  17. Ikpegbu, E.U., Nlebedum U. C., Nnadozie O. and Agbakwuru I.O. (2013b). Histology of the parotid salivary gland of the African palm squirrel (Epixerus ebii). Rev. Fac. Vet. UCV. 54: 11-16.
  18. Khojasteh,S.M.B. and Delashoub M. (2012). Microscopic anatomy of the parotid and submandibular salivary glands in European hamster (Cricetus cricetus L.), Int. Res. J. Appl. Basic Sci., 3: 1544-1548.
  19. Kim, S.K and Allen E.O. (1994). Structural and functional changes in salivary glands during aging. Microsc. Res.Tech. 28: 243-253.
  20. Lindow, M (2001). The landmines sniffing rats of Mozambique. Time Magazine. Accessed 22 June, 2013.
  21. McGeady, T.A., Quinn P.J., Fitpatrick E.S., and Ryan M.T. (2006). Veterinary Embryology, 1st edition, Blackwell Publishing, Iowa, U.S.A.
  22. Nawar, S.M.A., and El-Khaligi G.E.M (1975). Morphological micromorphological and histochemical studies on the parotid glands of the one-humped camel. Gegenbaurs Morphologisches Jahrbuch, 12: 430-439.
  23. National Research Council (NRC) (1991). Microlivestock: Little known small animals with promising economic future. XVII + 449PP.National Academy Press, Washington D.C., U.S.A.
  24. Pinkaff, C. A. (1980). The cytology of salivary glands. Int. Rev. Cytol., 63: 141-261.
  25. Poddar, S. and Jacob S. (1997). Gross and microscopic anatomy of the major salivary gland of the ferret. Acta. Anat. (Basel)., 98:434-443.
  26. Pinkaff, C.A. (1993). Cytology, histology, and histochemistry of salivary glands: an overview. In: Dobrosielski-Vergona K, editor. Biology of salivary glands. Boca Raton, LA: CRC Press. p. 15-38.
  27. Pisiricilar, R., Caliskan-Ak E., Emaekli-Alturfan E., Yarat A. and Canberk Y. (2009). Impact of experimental hyperlipidemia on histology of major salivary glands. Trakya Univ Tip Fak Derg., 26: 283-291.
  28. Poling, A., Weetjens B.J., Cox C., Beyene N., Bach H. and Sully A. (2010). Teaching African giant pouched rats to find landmines: Operating conditioning with real consequences. Behav. Anal. Pract., 3920:19-25.
  29. Privy, S. (1986). Comparative study of histochemistry of salivary glands in certain mammals. A dissertation submitted to University of Poona, India.
  30. Schneyer, L.H., and Schneyer C.A. (1967). Inorganic composition of saliva. In: Handbook of Physiology section, 6: Vol., 2. American Physiological Society.
  31. Shackleford, J.M. (1963). Histochemical comparison of mucous secretions in rodent, carnivore, ungulate and primate major salivary glands. Annals N. Acad. Sci., 106: 572-582.
  32. Shackleford, J.M. and Schneyer C.A.(1964). Structural and functional aspects of rodent salivary glands including two desert species. Am. J. Anat., 115:279-307.
  33. Siuda, S. and Szymañska Z.(1961). Comparative investigations of salivary glands of small rodents. Acta. Theriol., V (11): 141-151.
  34. Skinner, T.D. and Smithers R.H,N (1990). The Mammals of the Southern Africa Subregions. Pretoria University Press, Pretoria.
  35. Stimson, R.H., Johnstone A.M., Homer N.Z., Wake D.J.,Morton M., Andrew R., Lobley G.E., and Walker B.R. (2007). Dietary macronutrient content alters cortisol metabolism independently of body weight changes in obese men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 92:4480-4484.
  36. Taylor, J.J., and Flaa R.C. (1994). Histochemical analysis paneth cell granules in rats. Arch. Path. (Chicago), 77:278.
  37. Tucker, C.B., James W.E., Berry M.A., Johnstone C. J. and Glover R. F. (1966). Depressed myocardial function in goat at hight altitude. J. Appl. Physiol. 41:356-363.
  38. Vignoli, V.V. and Nogueira J.C. (1981). Histochemitry of the parotid in suckling, prepubertal and pubertal zebus (Bos indicus). Anat Histol. Embryol., 10: 147-158.
  39. Vreudgdebhil, A.P., Niew Amerongen A.V., Delange G.L., and Roukema P.A. (1982). Localisation of amylase and mucins in major salivary glands of mouse. Histochem. J., 14: 767-780.
  40. Watanabe, I., Ogawa K., Yamada, E. and Konig J.B. (1997). Three-dimensional images of the mouse submandibular glands: An HRSEM study. Anat. Anz., 179: 157-160
  41. Yazdani Moghaddam, F.Y., Darvish J., Mahdavi Shahri N., Abdulamir A.S., Mousavi M. and Daud S.K. (2009). Comparative histological and histochemical inter-species investigation of mammalian submandibular salivary glands. Res. J. Appl. Sci., 4: 50-56.
  42. Zhang, X., Li J., Liu X., Sun Y., Zhang C. and Wang S. (2005). Morphological characteristics of submandibular glands of miniature pig. Chinese Med. J., 118: 1368-1373.
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    volume 49 issue 4 (august 2015) : 451-460,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00123.5

    Comparative histology and histochemistry of the major salivary glands in the giant pouched-rats (Cricetomys gambianus) and greater cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus)

    I
    Igbokwe Casmir Onwuaso
    C
    Chebe Peter Neba
    U
    Umar Muhammed Bello
    1Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
    Cite article:- Onwuaso Casmir Igbokwe, Neba Peter Chebe, Bello Muhammed Umar (2025). Comparative histology and histochemistry of the major salivary glands in the giant pouched-rats (Cricetomys gambianus) and greater cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus). Indian Journal of Animal Research. 49(4): 451-460. doi: 10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00123.5.

    ABSTRACT

    The comparative morphometry , histology and histochemistry of the submandibular, parotid and sublingual glands were studied in the wild adult African giant pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus) and greater cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus). The submandibular was purely serous in the giant pouched rats, but sero-mucous in the cane rats with serous acini predominating. Serous demilunes were common in the submandibular gland of cane rats but not in that of giant rats. The parotid contained serous acini in both species, in addition intermingled copious globular fat tissue was observed in the cane rats. The sublingual gland showed sero-mucous acini with mucous predominating in both rodents. Large striated (intralobular) ducts were present in the parenchyma of both rats. Strong activity of neutral mucins was observed in submandibular and parotid gland of both rodents, however acidic mucins were absent. The sublingual gland showed reactivity for neutral and acidic mucins in both rats. Gross morphometry indicated significant differences (p

    REFERENCES

    1. Adu, E.K., Otsyina R.H. and Agyei A. D. (2005). The efficacy of different dose levels of albendazole for reducing fecal worm egg count in naturally infected grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus, Temminck). Livestock Res. Rural Dev., 17: 1-6.
    2. Anderson, L. C., Suleiman A. H. and Ganett J.R. (1994). Morphological effects of diabetes on the granular ducts and acini of rat submandibular gland. Microsc. Res. Tech., 27: 61-70.
    3. Asojo, T.A., and Aire T. A. (1983). Microstereological and histochemical studies of salivary glands of the giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse). Acta Anat., 117: 65-72.
    4. Bancroft, J.D. and Gamble M. (2002). Theory and Practice of Histological Technique, 5th edition, Churchill Livingstone, Toronto.
    5. Bazarbayeva, M. Zh., Yessisiitova Z ., Kozhamzharova L.S. and Seitbayev K. Zh. (2013). Histological and histochemical study of salivary glands of two species of insectivores. World Appl. Sci. J., 25: 1302-1307.
    6. Chapman, R.C. and Bennet A.F. (1975). Physiological correlates of burrowing in rodents. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 51A: 599-603.
    7. Bellavia, S.L., Sanz E.G., Sereno R. and Vermouth N.T (1992). Alpha-amylase circadian rhythm of young rat parotid: an endogenous rhythm with maternal coordination. Arch Oral Biol., 37: 429-433.
    8. Dhabale, B.J.B. (2014). Histological and histochemical study of human submandibular gland. Doctor of Medicine (Thesis), Rajiv Ghandi University of Health Science, Karnataka, Bangalore, India.
    9. Elewa, Y.H., Bareedy M.H., Abuel-Atta A. A., Ichii O., Otsuka S., Kanazawa T., Lee S., Hashimoto Y. and Kon Y. (2010). Structural characteristics of goat (Capra hircus) parotid salivary glands. Japanese J. Vet. Res., 58: 9-18.
    10. El-Ramli A., Yasear A.Y. and Sultan A. (2013). Structural histological changes in the parotid salivary gland of rabbit treated with neostigmine. J. Basic. Med. Allied Sci., 1: 2666652.
    11. Espinal, E.G., Ubios A.M. and Cabrini R.L. (1983). Freeze-fracture of salivary glands of rat observed by scanning electron microscopy. Acta Anat., 117:15-20.
    12. Esteconodo S., Codon S.M. and Casanave E.B. (2005). Histological study of salivary glands in aedus pichiy Z (Mamma;ia, Xenartha, Dasypodidae). Int. J. Morphol., 23: 179-194.
    13. Genkins, G.N. (1978). Saliva. In: The Physiology and Biochemistry of the Mouth. 4th ed., Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, UK. pp. 284-359.
    14. Hand, A.R. (1972). The effects of acute starvation on parotid acinar cells. Ultrstructural and cytochemical observations on ad libitum and starved rats. Amer. J. Anat., 135: 71-92.
    15. Ferraris, M.E., Arriaga A., Busso C. and Caranza M. (1999). Histological study of parotid, submaxillary and von Ebner salivary glands in chronic alcoholics. Acta Odontol. Latinoam., 12: 97-102.
    16. Ikpegbu, E.U., Nlebedum U. C., Nnadozie O. and Agbakwuru I.O. (2013a). Microscopic study of the submandibular salivary gland of adult African giant pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse 1840). Iraqi J. Vet. Sci., 27: 85-89
    17. Ikpegbu, E.U., Nlebedum U. C., Nnadozie O. and Agbakwuru I.O. (2013b). Histology of the parotid salivary gland of the African palm squirrel (Epixerus ebii). Rev. Fac. Vet. UCV. 54: 11-16.
    18. Khojasteh,S.M.B. and Delashoub M. (2012). Microscopic anatomy of the parotid and submandibular salivary glands in European hamster (Cricetus cricetus L.), Int. Res. J. Appl. Basic Sci., 3: 1544-1548.
    19. Kim, S.K and Allen E.O. (1994). Structural and functional changes in salivary glands during aging. Microsc. Res.Tech. 28: 243-253.
    20. Lindow, M (2001). The landmines sniffing rats of Mozambique. Time Magazine. Accessed 22 June, 2013.
    21. McGeady, T.A., Quinn P.J., Fitpatrick E.S., and Ryan M.T. (2006). Veterinary Embryology, 1st edition, Blackwell Publishing, Iowa, U.S.A.
    22. Nawar, S.M.A., and El-Khaligi G.E.M (1975). Morphological micromorphological and histochemical studies on the parotid glands of the one-humped camel. Gegenbaurs Morphologisches Jahrbuch, 12: 430-439.
    23. National Research Council (NRC) (1991). Microlivestock: Little known small animals with promising economic future. XVII + 449PP.National Academy Press, Washington D.C., U.S.A.
    24. Pinkaff, C. A. (1980). The cytology of salivary glands. Int. Rev. Cytol., 63: 141-261.
    25. Poddar, S. and Jacob S. (1997). Gross and microscopic anatomy of the major salivary gland of the ferret. Acta. Anat. (Basel)., 98:434-443.
    26. Pinkaff, C.A. (1993). Cytology, histology, and histochemistry of salivary glands: an overview. In: Dobrosielski-Vergona K, editor. Biology of salivary glands. Boca Raton, LA: CRC Press. p. 15-38.
    27. Pisiricilar, R., Caliskan-Ak E., Emaekli-Alturfan E., Yarat A. and Canberk Y. (2009). Impact of experimental hyperlipidemia on histology of major salivary glands. Trakya Univ Tip Fak Derg., 26: 283-291.
    28. Poling, A., Weetjens B.J., Cox C., Beyene N., Bach H. and Sully A. (2010). Teaching African giant pouched rats to find landmines: Operating conditioning with real consequences. Behav. Anal. Pract., 3920:19-25.
    29. Privy, S. (1986). Comparative study of histochemistry of salivary glands in certain mammals. A dissertation submitted to University of Poona, India.
    30. Schneyer, L.H., and Schneyer C.A. (1967). Inorganic composition of saliva. In: Handbook of Physiology section, 6: Vol., 2. American Physiological Society.
    31. Shackleford, J.M. (1963). Histochemical comparison of mucous secretions in rodent, carnivore, ungulate and primate major salivary glands. Annals N. Acad. Sci., 106: 572-582.
    32. Shackleford, J.M. and Schneyer C.A.(1964). Structural and functional aspects of rodent salivary glands including two desert species. Am. J. Anat., 115:279-307.
    33. Siuda, S. and Szymañska Z.(1961). Comparative investigations of salivary glands of small rodents. Acta. Theriol., V (11): 141-151.
    34. Skinner, T.D. and Smithers R.H,N (1990). The Mammals of the Southern Africa Subregions. Pretoria University Press, Pretoria.
    35. Stimson, R.H., Johnstone A.M., Homer N.Z., Wake D.J.,Morton M., Andrew R., Lobley G.E., and Walker B.R. (2007). Dietary macronutrient content alters cortisol metabolism independently of body weight changes in obese men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 92:4480-4484.
    36. Taylor, J.J., and Flaa R.C. (1994). Histochemical analysis paneth cell granules in rats. Arch. Path. (Chicago), 77:278.
    37. Tucker, C.B., James W.E., Berry M.A., Johnstone C. J. and Glover R. F. (1966). Depressed myocardial function in goat at hight altitude. J. Appl. Physiol. 41:356-363.
    38. Vignoli, V.V. and Nogueira J.C. (1981). Histochemitry of the parotid in suckling, prepubertal and pubertal zebus (Bos indicus). Anat Histol. Embryol., 10: 147-158.
    39. Vreudgdebhil, A.P., Niew Amerongen A.V., Delange G.L., and Roukema P.A. (1982). Localisation of amylase and mucins in major salivary glands of mouse. Histochem. J., 14: 767-780.
    40. Watanabe, I., Ogawa K., Yamada, E. and Konig J.B. (1997). Three-dimensional images of the mouse submandibular glands: An HRSEM study. Anat. Anz., 179: 157-160
    41. Yazdani Moghaddam, F.Y., Darvish J., Mahdavi Shahri N., Abdulamir A.S., Mousavi M. and Daud S.K. (2009). Comparative histological and histochemical inter-species investigation of mammalian submandibular salivary glands. Res. J. Appl. Sci., 4: 50-56.
    42. Zhang, X., Li J., Liu X., Sun Y., Zhang C. and Wang S. (2005). Morphological characteristics of submandibular glands of miniature pig. Chinese Med. J., 118: 1368-1373.
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