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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 49 issue 1 (february 2015) : 63-69,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00014.X

Effect of doses of direct-fed microbials plus exogenous fibrolytic enzymes supplementation on growth, feed efficiency ratio and fecal consistency index of brown swiss and holstein Friesian Calves

R
R. Kocyigit
R
R. Aydin
M
M. Yanar*
O
O. Guler
A
A. Diler
N
N. Tuzemen
M
M. Avci
S
S. Ozyurek
E
E. Hirik
D
D. Kabakci
1Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.
Cite article:- Kocyigit R., Aydin R., Yanar* M., Guler O., Diler A., Tuzemen N., Avci M., Ozyurek S., Hirik E., Kabakci D. (2025). Effect of doses of direct-fed microbials plus exogenous fibrolytic enzymes supplementation on growth, feed efficiency ratio and fecal consistency index of brown swiss and holstein Friesian Calves. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 49(1): 63-69. doi: 10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00014.X .

ABSTRACT

The objectives of this study were to compare the effect of different doses of direct-fed microbials (DFM) plus exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) additives on the growth performance, feed efficiency ratio and fecal consistency index of Brown Swiss and Holstein Friesian calves. Twenty six calves were assigned to three groups (control, 10 g and 20 g per head/day of DFM plus EFE) according to breeds. Calves in 10 g per head/day of DFM plus EFE group in pre- and post-weaning periods had 20.0 % and 6.3 % higher total weight gains than calves in the control group respectively. However, the effects of breeds and dosages of the supplement on the weights, weight gains and feed efficiency ratios were not significant. Average fecal consistency score of the calves fed a diet supplemented with 10 g head/day of DFM plus EFE had the lowest score (P

REFERENCES

  1. Adams, M.C, Luo, J., Rayward, D., King, S., Gibson, R. and Moghaddam, G.H. (2008). Selection of a novel direct-fed microbial to enhance weight gain in intensively reared calves. Anim. Feed. Sci. Tech., 145:41-52.
  2. Agarwal, N., Kamara, D.N., Chaudhary, L.C., Agarwal, I., Sahoo, A. and Pathak, N.N. (2002). Microbial status and rumen enzyme profile of crossbred calves fed on different microbial feed additives. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 34: 329-336.
  3. Aydin, R., Diler, A., Yanar, M., Kocyigit, R. and Ozkilicci, T. (2008). The effect of Direct-fed microbials plus enzyme supplement on the growth performance of Holstein Friesian calves. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 7: 516-519.
  4. Bakhshi, N., Ghorbani, G.R., Rahmani, H.R. and Samie, A. (2006). Effect of probiotic and milk feeding frequency on performance of dairy Holstein calves. Int. J. Dairy Sci., 1: 113-119.
  5. Dimova, N., Baltadjieva, M., Karabashev, V., Laleva, S., Popova, Y., Slavova, P., Krastanov, J. and Kalaydjiev, G. (2013). Effect of supplementation of Probiotic Zoovit in diets of calves of milk breed. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., Supplement 1: 94–97.
  6. Ertugrul, O., Alpan, O., Unal, N. and Azeroglu, F. (2000). Growth and survival of Holstein and Brown Swiss calves reared outdoors in individual hutches. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 32: 257-266.
  7. Foster, J.C., Glass, M.D., Courtney, P.D. and Ward, L.A., (2003). Effect of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyt viability. Food Microbiol., 20: 351-357.
  8. Frizzo, L.S., Bertozzi, E., Soto, L.P., Zbrun, M.V., Sequeria, G., Dalla Santina, R., Rodriguez Armesto, R. and Rosmini, M.R. (2008). The effect of supplementation with three lactic acid bacteria from bovine origin on growth performance and health status of young calves. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 7: 400-408.
  9. Frizzo, L.S., Zbrun, M.V., Soto, L.P. and Signorini, M.L. (2011). Effects of probiotics on growth performance in young calves: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 169: 147–156.
  10. Guler, O., Yanar, M. and Bayram, B. (2003). Effect of different milk feeding schedules on the growth and feed conversion efficiencies in Holstein Friesian and Brown Swiss calves. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 73: 1278-1280.
  11. Goncalves, G.D., Dos Santos, G.T., Rigolon, L.P., Damasceno, J.C., Ribas, N.P., Rodriguez Da Veiga, D. and Martins, E.N. (2000). The influence of probiotics addition in the diet on the sanitary state and the performance of calves Holstein. Braz. J. Vet., 37: 74-78.
  12. Gorgulu, M., Siuta, A., Yurtseven. S., Ongel, E. and Kutlu, H.R., (2003). Effect of probiotics on growing performance and health of calves. Cuban J. Agric. Sci., 37: 125–129.
  13. Jatkauskas, J. and Vrotniakiene, V. (2010). Effects of probiotic dietary supplementation on diarrhoea patterns, faecal microbiota and performance of early weaned calves. Vet. Med-Czech., 55: 494–503.
  14. Kamra, D.N., Chaudhary, L.C., Agarwal, N., Singh, R. and Pathak, N.N. (2002). Growth performance, nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation and enzyme activities in calves fed on Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplemented diet. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 72: 472-475.
  15. Kim, M.K., Lee, H.G., Park, J.A., Kang, S.K. and Choi, Y.J. (2011). Effect of feeding direct fed microbial as an alternative to antibiotics for the prophylaxis of calf diarrhea in Holstein calves. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 24: 643 - 649.
  16. Kung, L., Treacher, R.J., Nauman, G.A., Smagala, A.M., Endres, K.M., Cohen, M.A. (2000). The effect of treating forages with fibrolytic enzymes on its nutritive value and lactation performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 83: 115-122.
  17. Larson, L.L., Owen, F.G., Albright, J.L., Applemen, R.D., Lamb, R.C. and Muller, L.D. (1977). Guidelines toward more uniformity in measuring and reporting calf experimental data. J. Dairy Sci., 60: 989-991.
  18. Lewis, G.E., Sanchez, W.K., Hunt, C.W., Guy, M.A., Pritchard, G.T., Swanson, B.I. and Treacher, R.J. (1999). Effect of direct-fed fibrolytic enzymes on the lactational performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 82: 611-617.
  19. Malik, R. and Bandla, S. (2010). Effect of source and dose of probiotics and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) on intake, feed efficiency and growth of male buffalo (bubalus bubalis) calves. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 42: 1263-1269
  20. Mokhber-Dezfouli, M.R., Tajik, P., Bolourchi, M. and Mahmoudzadeh, H. (2007). Effects of probiotics supplementation in daily milk intake of newborn calves on body weight gain, body height, diarrhea occurrence and health condition. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 10: 3136-40.
  21. Nocek, J.E. and Kautz, W.P. (2006). Direct-fed microbial supplementation on ruminal digestion, health, and performance of pre- and postpartum dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 89: 260-266.
  22. Quintero-Gonzalez, C.I., Comerford, J.W. and Varga, G.A. (2003). Effects of direct-fed microbials on growth, health, and blood parameters of young Holstein calves. Prof. Anim. Sci., 19: 211-220.
  23. Quigley, J. (2011). “Direct-fed microbials (probiotics) in calf diets”. [Online]. Available: http://www.calfnotes.com/pdffiles/    CN157.pdf. Accessed March 01, 2014.
  24. Orr, C.L., Ware, D.R., Manfredi, E.T. and Hutcheson, D.P. (1988). The effect of continuous feeding of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain BT1386 on gain and feed efficiency of feeder calves. J. Anim. Sci., 66(Suppl. 1): 460.
  25. Seo, J.K., Kim, S.V., Kim, M.H., Upadhaya, S.D., Kam. D.K. and Ha, J.K. (2010). Direct-fed microbials for ruminant animals. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 23: 1657-1667.
  26. SPSS. (2004). SPSS for Windows Release 13.0. SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL.
  27. Timmerman, H.M., Mulder, L., Everts, H., van Espen, D.C., van der Wal, E., Klaassen, G., Rouwers, S.M.G., Hartemink, R., Rombouts, F.M. and Beynen, A.C. (2005). Health and growth of veal calves fed milk replacers with or without probiotics. J. Dairy Sci., 88: 2154–2165.
  28. Thakur, S.S., Verma, M.P., Ali, B., Shelke, S.K. and Tomar, S.K. (2010). Effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes supplementation on growth and nutrient utilization in Murrah buffalo calves. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 80: 1217-1219.
  29. Ugur, F. (2003). Effect of early weaning at different weaning weights on growth and feed efficiency characteristics of the Brown Swiss Holstein Friesian calves. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 73: 425-427.
  30. Yanar, M, Tuzemen, N., Aydin, R., Akbulut, O. and Ockerman H.W. (1994). Growth characteristics and feed efficiencies of the early weaned Brown Swiss, Holstein-Friesian and Simmental calves reared in Turkey. Indian J. Dairy Sci., 47: 273-275.
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    volume 49 issue 1 (february 2015) : 63-69,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00014.X

    Effect of doses of direct-fed microbials plus exogenous fibrolytic enzymes supplementation on growth, feed efficiency ratio and fecal consistency index of brown swiss and holstein Friesian Calves

    R
    R. Kocyigit
    R
    R. Aydin
    M
    M. Yanar*
    O
    O. Guler
    A
    A. Diler
    N
    N. Tuzemen
    M
    M. Avci
    S
    S. Ozyurek
    E
    E. Hirik
    D
    D. Kabakci
    1Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.
    Cite article:- Kocyigit R., Aydin R., Yanar* M., Guler O., Diler A., Tuzemen N., Avci M., Ozyurek S., Hirik E., Kabakci D. (2025). Effect of doses of direct-fed microbials plus exogenous fibrolytic enzymes supplementation on growth, feed efficiency ratio and fecal consistency index of brown swiss and holstein Friesian Calves. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 49(1): 63-69. doi: 10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00014.X .

    ABSTRACT

    The objectives of this study were to compare the effect of different doses of direct-fed microbials (DFM) plus exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) additives on the growth performance, feed efficiency ratio and fecal consistency index of Brown Swiss and Holstein Friesian calves. Twenty six calves were assigned to three groups (control, 10 g and 20 g per head/day of DFM plus EFE) according to breeds. Calves in 10 g per head/day of DFM plus EFE group in pre- and post-weaning periods had 20.0 % and 6.3 % higher total weight gains than calves in the control group respectively. However, the effects of breeds and dosages of the supplement on the weights, weight gains and feed efficiency ratios were not significant. Average fecal consistency score of the calves fed a diet supplemented with 10 g head/day of DFM plus EFE had the lowest score (P

    REFERENCES

    1. Adams, M.C, Luo, J., Rayward, D., King, S., Gibson, R. and Moghaddam, G.H. (2008). Selection of a novel direct-fed microbial to enhance weight gain in intensively reared calves. Anim. Feed. Sci. Tech., 145:41-52.
    2. Agarwal, N., Kamara, D.N., Chaudhary, L.C., Agarwal, I., Sahoo, A. and Pathak, N.N. (2002). Microbial status and rumen enzyme profile of crossbred calves fed on different microbial feed additives. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 34: 329-336.
    3. Aydin, R., Diler, A., Yanar, M., Kocyigit, R. and Ozkilicci, T. (2008). The effect of Direct-fed microbials plus enzyme supplement on the growth performance of Holstein Friesian calves. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 7: 516-519.
    4. Bakhshi, N., Ghorbani, G.R., Rahmani, H.R. and Samie, A. (2006). Effect of probiotic and milk feeding frequency on performance of dairy Holstein calves. Int. J. Dairy Sci., 1: 113-119.
    5. Dimova, N., Baltadjieva, M., Karabashev, V., Laleva, S., Popova, Y., Slavova, P., Krastanov, J. and Kalaydjiev, G. (2013). Effect of supplementation of Probiotic Zoovit in diets of calves of milk breed. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., Supplement 1: 94–97.
    6. Ertugrul, O., Alpan, O., Unal, N. and Azeroglu, F. (2000). Growth and survival of Holstein and Brown Swiss calves reared outdoors in individual hutches. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 32: 257-266.
    7. Foster, J.C., Glass, M.D., Courtney, P.D. and Ward, L.A., (2003). Effect of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyt viability. Food Microbiol., 20: 351-357.
    8. Frizzo, L.S., Bertozzi, E., Soto, L.P., Zbrun, M.V., Sequeria, G., Dalla Santina, R., Rodriguez Armesto, R. and Rosmini, M.R. (2008). The effect of supplementation with three lactic acid bacteria from bovine origin on growth performance and health status of young calves. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 7: 400-408.
    9. Frizzo, L.S., Zbrun, M.V., Soto, L.P. and Signorini, M.L. (2011). Effects of probiotics on growth performance in young calves: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 169: 147–156.
    10. Guler, O., Yanar, M. and Bayram, B. (2003). Effect of different milk feeding schedules on the growth and feed conversion efficiencies in Holstein Friesian and Brown Swiss calves. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 73: 1278-1280.
    11. Goncalves, G.D., Dos Santos, G.T., Rigolon, L.P., Damasceno, J.C., Ribas, N.P., Rodriguez Da Veiga, D. and Martins, E.N. (2000). The influence of probiotics addition in the diet on the sanitary state and the performance of calves Holstein. Braz. J. Vet., 37: 74-78.
    12. Gorgulu, M., Siuta, A., Yurtseven. S., Ongel, E. and Kutlu, H.R., (2003). Effect of probiotics on growing performance and health of calves. Cuban J. Agric. Sci., 37: 125–129.
    13. Jatkauskas, J. and Vrotniakiene, V. (2010). Effects of probiotic dietary supplementation on diarrhoea patterns, faecal microbiota and performance of early weaned calves. Vet. Med-Czech., 55: 494–503.
    14. Kamra, D.N., Chaudhary, L.C., Agarwal, N., Singh, R. and Pathak, N.N. (2002). Growth performance, nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation and enzyme activities in calves fed on Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplemented diet. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 72: 472-475.
    15. Kim, M.K., Lee, H.G., Park, J.A., Kang, S.K. and Choi, Y.J. (2011). Effect of feeding direct fed microbial as an alternative to antibiotics for the prophylaxis of calf diarrhea in Holstein calves. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 24: 643 - 649.
    16. Kung, L., Treacher, R.J., Nauman, G.A., Smagala, A.M., Endres, K.M., Cohen, M.A. (2000). The effect of treating forages with fibrolytic enzymes on its nutritive value and lactation performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 83: 115-122.
    17. Larson, L.L., Owen, F.G., Albright, J.L., Applemen, R.D., Lamb, R.C. and Muller, L.D. (1977). Guidelines toward more uniformity in measuring and reporting calf experimental data. J. Dairy Sci., 60: 989-991.
    18. Lewis, G.E., Sanchez, W.K., Hunt, C.W., Guy, M.A., Pritchard, G.T., Swanson, B.I. and Treacher, R.J. (1999). Effect of direct-fed fibrolytic enzymes on the lactational performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 82: 611-617.
    19. Malik, R. and Bandla, S. (2010). Effect of source and dose of probiotics and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) on intake, feed efficiency and growth of male buffalo (bubalus bubalis) calves. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 42: 1263-1269
    20. Mokhber-Dezfouli, M.R., Tajik, P., Bolourchi, M. and Mahmoudzadeh, H. (2007). Effects of probiotics supplementation in daily milk intake of newborn calves on body weight gain, body height, diarrhea occurrence and health condition. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 10: 3136-40.
    21. Nocek, J.E. and Kautz, W.P. (2006). Direct-fed microbial supplementation on ruminal digestion, health, and performance of pre- and postpartum dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 89: 260-266.
    22. Quintero-Gonzalez, C.I., Comerford, J.W. and Varga, G.A. (2003). Effects of direct-fed microbials on growth, health, and blood parameters of young Holstein calves. Prof. Anim. Sci., 19: 211-220.
    23. Quigley, J. (2011). “Direct-fed microbials (probiotics) in calf diets”. [Online]. Available: http://www.calfnotes.com/pdffiles/    CN157.pdf. Accessed March 01, 2014.
    24. Orr, C.L., Ware, D.R., Manfredi, E.T. and Hutcheson, D.P. (1988). The effect of continuous feeding of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain BT1386 on gain and feed efficiency of feeder calves. J. Anim. Sci., 66(Suppl. 1): 460.
    25. Seo, J.K., Kim, S.V., Kim, M.H., Upadhaya, S.D., Kam. D.K. and Ha, J.K. (2010). Direct-fed microbials for ruminant animals. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 23: 1657-1667.
    26. SPSS. (2004). SPSS for Windows Release 13.0. SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL.
    27. Timmerman, H.M., Mulder, L., Everts, H., van Espen, D.C., van der Wal, E., Klaassen, G., Rouwers, S.M.G., Hartemink, R., Rombouts, F.M. and Beynen, A.C. (2005). Health and growth of veal calves fed milk replacers with or without probiotics. J. Dairy Sci., 88: 2154–2165.
    28. Thakur, S.S., Verma, M.P., Ali, B., Shelke, S.K. and Tomar, S.K. (2010). Effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes supplementation on growth and nutrient utilization in Murrah buffalo calves. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 80: 1217-1219.
    29. Ugur, F. (2003). Effect of early weaning at different weaning weights on growth and feed efficiency characteristics of the Brown Swiss Holstein Friesian calves. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 73: 425-427.
    30. Yanar, M, Tuzemen, N., Aydin, R., Akbulut, O. and Ockerman H.W. (1994). Growth characteristics and feed efficiencies of the early weaned Brown Swiss, Holstein-Friesian and Simmental calves reared in Turkey. Indian J. Dairy Sci., 47: 273-275.
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