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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 48 issue 1 (february 2014) : 45-49,   Doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.1.009

CLINICAL STUDY FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CANINE MAMMARY NEOPLASMS (CMNS) USING DIFFERENT MODALITIES

P
Pankaj Gupta
M
M. Raghunath
A
A.K. Gupta
A
Ankur Sharma
K
Kawardeep Kour
1Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141 004, India
Cite article:- Gupta Pankaj, Raghunath M., Gupta A.K., Sharma Ankur, Kour Kawardeep (2025). CLINICAL STUDY FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CANINE MAMMARY NEOPLASMS (CMNS) USING DIFFERENT MODALITIES. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 48(1): 45-49. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.1.009.

ABSTRACT

The study was performed on 40 canines presented with the history of any swelling or growth in one or all of the mammary glands. Signalment and history was recorded properly and then the animals were subjected to detailed physical examination. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the tumorous mass was taken to give preliminary diagnosis. The distant metastasis was confirmed via lymph node palpation, chest radiography and ultrasonography. Based on treatment regimen followed the animals were divided into two groups: group I (n=29) in which only surgery was performed and group II (n=6) in which surgery as well as chemotherapy was performed while remaining 5 animals were not given any treatment. Different haematological (Hb, TLC, DLC and PCV) and biochemical (BUN, CRTN, ALT, AST, ALKP and TP) were recorded preoperatively, postoperatively and after chemotherapy at required intervals. In group II animals chemotherapy was started 15 days after surgery and the regimen followed was inj. Vincristine @ 0.5mg/m2BSA and inj. Methotrexate @ 9-15mg/m2BSA, i.v. on day 1 followed by tab. Cyclophosphamide @ 50mg/m2 po from 2nd to 5th day. Maximum (57.5%) no. of cases were recorded in Samoyed breed and the median age of affected animals was 10.8 years (2-15). Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of FNAB were 77.14%, 78.78% and 100% respectively. 74.28% of cases showed pulmonary metastasis in lung radiography. All haematological and biochemical parameters remained within normal range during the course of therapy except significant decrease in ALKP values after surgery in both groups.  Majority (96.96%) of the neoplasms were malignant and there was no significant difference in the mean survival time and survival rate after surgery in both groups and among different surgical technique. The most significant finding was that all the live animals in group II were less than 8 years of age suggesting that the combination used in the present study was safe and effective in comparatively young animals.

REFERENCES

  1. Bala M. (2005). Clinical studies on the evaluation of doxorubicin as an adjuvant chemotherapy for the management of canine mammary neoplasms. M. V. Sc. Thesis, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana.
  2. Benzamin M M. (1979). Outline of Veterinary Clinical Pathology . 3rd edn . Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, Iowa.
  3. Chopra R and Saxena H M. (1997). Plasma Alkaline phosphatase in tumor bearing dogs. Indian Vet Pathol 21: 166-67.
  4. Das U, Das K A, Das D and Das B B. (1991). Clinical report on the efficacy of chemotherapy in canine transmissible venereal sarcoma. Indian Veterinary Journal 68: 249-52.
  5. Ettinger S J and Feldman E C. 1995. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine Vol. 2 W. B. Saunders and Co., Philadelphia pp1702-04.
  6. Ghilseni G, Roccabianca P, Ceruti R, Steffanello D, Bertazzolo W, Bonfanti U and Caniati M. (2006). Correlation between fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathology in the evaluation of cutaneous and sub- cutaneous masses from dogs and cats. Veterinary Clinical Patholology 35: 24-30.
  7. Gill K S. (1997). Clinical Studies on canine mammary tumour with reference to tis surgical and chemotherapeutic management. M.V.Sc. thesis, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
  8. Harvey H L and Gilbertson S R. (1977). Canine mammary gland tumors. Veterinary Clinics of North America (Small Animal Practice) 7: 213-19.
  9. Helfand S C. (1990). Principles and application of chemotherapy. Veterinary Clinics of North America (Small Animal Practice) 20: 987-1013.
  10. Jain V. (2006). Studies on management of canine mammary neoplasms by adjuvant chemotherapy using combination of Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide. M. V. Sc. Thesis, GADVASU, Ludhiana.
  11. Misdrop W and Hart A A M. (1979). Canine mammary cancer. 1. Prognosis II Therapy and causes of death. Journal of Small Animal Practice 20: 385-404.
  12. Moulton J E. (1990). Tumors of mammary gland. In : Moulton J E (ed) Tumors in Domestic Animals (3rd edn.) pp 518-52, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles.
  13. Nayyar A. (2002). Evaluation of vinblastine and mitomycin in conjunction with surgery in canine mammary neoplasms. M.V.Sc. Thesis, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana.
  14. Nyman H T, Kristensen A T, Lee M H, Martinussen T and McEvoy F. (2005). Characterisation of canine superficial tumors using gray-scale B-mode, color flow mapping and spectral Doppler ultrasonography - a multivariate study. Veterinary Radiology and ultrasound 47: 192-198.
  15. Palta. (2000). Clinical studies on multimodality in the management of canine mammary neoplasm. M.V. Sc. Thesis, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
  16. Ravi kumar K P, Vasanth M S and Jayadevappa S M. (1999). Comparative efficacy of surgery and surgery with chemotherapy for mammary tumors in canines. Indian Vet Surgery 20: 115.
  17. Riley J H and Riley M G I. (1982). Metastatic mammary carcinoma treated with cytotoxic drugs. Vet Record 111: 8-11.
  18. Rivkin S E, Green S J, Lew D, Costanzi J J, Athens J W, Osborne C K, Vaughn C B and Martino S. (2003). Adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and prednisone compared with single-agent L-phenylalanine mustard for patients with operable breast carcinoma and positive axillary lymph nodes: 20-year results of a Southwest Oncology Group study. Cancer 97: 21-9.
  19. Sandhu N S. (1995). Studies on the surgical and chemotherapeutic management of canine mammary neoplasms. M.V.Sc. thesis, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
  20. Sharon A C. (2007). Interpretation of liver enzymes. Vet Clinics of North America (Small Animal Practice) 37: 297-333.
  21. Singh M, Nigam J M, Sharma S K, Varshney A C and Sharma A. (1998). Clinical studies on canine neoplasm: Review of small animal surgery cases. Indian Vet Surgery 19: 47.
  22. Simon D, Goronzy P, Stephan I, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Aufderheide M and Nolte L. (1996). Mammary tumors in the dog: frequency and course. Practische-Tierarzt 771-82 (Original not seen. Abstr in Veterinary Bulletin 66: Entry No. 8148).
  23. Sorenmo K. (2003). Canine mammary gland tumors. Veterinary Clinics of North America (Small Animal Practice) 33 : 573 96.
  24. Theilen G H and Madewell B R (ed). (1979). Veterinary Cancer Medicine Ist edn. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia pp192-203.
  25. Tiemessen I. (1989). Thoracic metastasis of canine-mammary gland tumors-A radiographic study. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 30: 249-52.
  26. Todorova I, Simeonova G, Simeonov R and Dioner D. (2005). Efficacy and toxicity of Doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in dogs with spontaneous mammary tumors. Trakia Sci 30: 51-58.
Published In
Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    volume 48 issue 1 (february 2014) : 45-49,   Doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.1.009

    CLINICAL STUDY FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CANINE MAMMARY NEOPLASMS (CMNS) USING DIFFERENT MODALITIES

    P
    Pankaj Gupta
    M
    M. Raghunath
    A
    A.K. Gupta
    A
    Ankur Sharma
    K
    Kawardeep Kour
    1Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141 004, India
    Cite article:- Gupta Pankaj, Raghunath M., Gupta A.K., Sharma Ankur, Kour Kawardeep (2025). CLINICAL STUDY FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CANINE MAMMARY NEOPLASMS (CMNS) USING DIFFERENT MODALITIES. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 48(1): 45-49. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.1.009.

    ABSTRACT

    The study was performed on 40 canines presented with the history of any swelling or growth in one or all of the mammary glands. Signalment and history was recorded properly and then the animals were subjected to detailed physical examination. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the tumorous mass was taken to give preliminary diagnosis. The distant metastasis was confirmed via lymph node palpation, chest radiography and ultrasonography. Based on treatment regimen followed the animals were divided into two groups: group I (n=29) in which only surgery was performed and group II (n=6) in which surgery as well as chemotherapy was performed while remaining 5 animals were not given any treatment. Different haematological (Hb, TLC, DLC and PCV) and biochemical (BUN, CRTN, ALT, AST, ALKP and TP) were recorded preoperatively, postoperatively and after chemotherapy at required intervals. In group II animals chemotherapy was started 15 days after surgery and the regimen followed was inj. Vincristine @ 0.5mg/m2BSA and inj. Methotrexate @ 9-15mg/m2BSA, i.v. on day 1 followed by tab. Cyclophosphamide @ 50mg/m2 po from 2nd to 5th day. Maximum (57.5%) no. of cases were recorded in Samoyed breed and the median age of affected animals was 10.8 years (2-15). Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of FNAB were 77.14%, 78.78% and 100% respectively. 74.28% of cases showed pulmonary metastasis in lung radiography. All haematological and biochemical parameters remained within normal range during the course of therapy except significant decrease in ALKP values after surgery in both groups.  Majority (96.96%) of the neoplasms were malignant and there was no significant difference in the mean survival time and survival rate after surgery in both groups and among different surgical technique. The most significant finding was that all the live animals in group II were less than 8 years of age suggesting that the combination used in the present study was safe and effective in comparatively young animals.

    REFERENCES

    1. Bala M. (2005). Clinical studies on the evaluation of doxorubicin as an adjuvant chemotherapy for the management of canine mammary neoplasms. M. V. Sc. Thesis, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana.
    2. Benzamin M M. (1979). Outline of Veterinary Clinical Pathology . 3rd edn . Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, Iowa.
    3. Chopra R and Saxena H M. (1997). Plasma Alkaline phosphatase in tumor bearing dogs. Indian Vet Pathol 21: 166-67.
    4. Das U, Das K A, Das D and Das B B. (1991). Clinical report on the efficacy of chemotherapy in canine transmissible venereal sarcoma. Indian Veterinary Journal 68: 249-52.
    5. Ettinger S J and Feldman E C. 1995. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine Vol. 2 W. B. Saunders and Co., Philadelphia pp1702-04.
    6. Ghilseni G, Roccabianca P, Ceruti R, Steffanello D, Bertazzolo W, Bonfanti U and Caniati M. (2006). Correlation between fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathology in the evaluation of cutaneous and sub- cutaneous masses from dogs and cats. Veterinary Clinical Patholology 35: 24-30.
    7. Gill K S. (1997). Clinical Studies on canine mammary tumour with reference to tis surgical and chemotherapeutic management. M.V.Sc. thesis, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
    8. Harvey H L and Gilbertson S R. (1977). Canine mammary gland tumors. Veterinary Clinics of North America (Small Animal Practice) 7: 213-19.
    9. Helfand S C. (1990). Principles and application of chemotherapy. Veterinary Clinics of North America (Small Animal Practice) 20: 987-1013.
    10. Jain V. (2006). Studies on management of canine mammary neoplasms by adjuvant chemotherapy using combination of Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide. M. V. Sc. Thesis, GADVASU, Ludhiana.
    11. Misdrop W and Hart A A M. (1979). Canine mammary cancer. 1. Prognosis II Therapy and causes of death. Journal of Small Animal Practice 20: 385-404.
    12. Moulton J E. (1990). Tumors of mammary gland. In : Moulton J E (ed) Tumors in Domestic Animals (3rd edn.) pp 518-52, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles.
    13. Nayyar A. (2002). Evaluation of vinblastine and mitomycin in conjunction with surgery in canine mammary neoplasms. M.V.Sc. Thesis, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana.
    14. Nyman H T, Kristensen A T, Lee M H, Martinussen T and McEvoy F. (2005). Characterisation of canine superficial tumors using gray-scale B-mode, color flow mapping and spectral Doppler ultrasonography - a multivariate study. Veterinary Radiology and ultrasound 47: 192-198.
    15. Palta. (2000). Clinical studies on multimodality in the management of canine mammary neoplasm. M.V. Sc. Thesis, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
    16. Ravi kumar K P, Vasanth M S and Jayadevappa S M. (1999). Comparative efficacy of surgery and surgery with chemotherapy for mammary tumors in canines. Indian Vet Surgery 20: 115.
    17. Riley J H and Riley M G I. (1982). Metastatic mammary carcinoma treated with cytotoxic drugs. Vet Record 111: 8-11.
    18. Rivkin S E, Green S J, Lew D, Costanzi J J, Athens J W, Osborne C K, Vaughn C B and Martino S. (2003). Adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and prednisone compared with single-agent L-phenylalanine mustard for patients with operable breast carcinoma and positive axillary lymph nodes: 20-year results of a Southwest Oncology Group study. Cancer 97: 21-9.
    19. Sandhu N S. (1995). Studies on the surgical and chemotherapeutic management of canine mammary neoplasms. M.V.Sc. thesis, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
    20. Sharon A C. (2007). Interpretation of liver enzymes. Vet Clinics of North America (Small Animal Practice) 37: 297-333.
    21. Singh M, Nigam J M, Sharma S K, Varshney A C and Sharma A. (1998). Clinical studies on canine neoplasm: Review of small animal surgery cases. Indian Vet Surgery 19: 47.
    22. Simon D, Goronzy P, Stephan I, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Aufderheide M and Nolte L. (1996). Mammary tumors in the dog: frequency and course. Practische-Tierarzt 771-82 (Original not seen. Abstr in Veterinary Bulletin 66: Entry No. 8148).
    23. Sorenmo K. (2003). Canine mammary gland tumors. Veterinary Clinics of North America (Small Animal Practice) 33 : 573 96.
    24. Theilen G H and Madewell B R (ed). (1979). Veterinary Cancer Medicine Ist edn. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia pp192-203.
    25. Tiemessen I. (1989). Thoracic metastasis of canine-mammary gland tumors-A radiographic study. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 30: 249-52.
    26. Todorova I, Simeonova G, Simeonov R and Dioner D. (2005). Efficacy and toxicity of Doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in dogs with spontaneous mammary tumors. Trakia Sci 30: 51-58.
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