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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 48 issue 2 (april 2014) : 188-193,   Doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.2.039

HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES AND PERITONEAL FLUID CYTOLOGY IN CLINICAL CASES OF BOVINE PERITONITIS

S
S.A. Hussain*
S
S.K. Uppal
1Department of Veterinary Medicine Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana- 141 004, India
Cite article:- Hussain* S.A., Uppal S.K. (2025). HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES AND PERITONEAL FLUID CYTOLOGY IN CLINICAL CASES OF BOVINE PERITONITIS. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 48(2): 188-193. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.2.039.

ABSTRACT

Thirty two clinical cases were used to study changes in blood and peritoneal fluid of cattle suffering from peritonitis. Haematology revealed reversal of lymphocyte to neutrophil ratio, left shift and toxic changes in neutrophils, in majority of animals. Biochemical analysis revealed deranged liver and kidney function tests, increased glucose and lactate whereas albumin, chloride and calcium concentrations were decreased. Peritoneal fluid changes were altered consistency and colour; increased volume, specific gravity and total protein concentration; and presence of degenerated neutrophils, bacteria and gut contents. Neutrophils percentage in peritoneal fluid was higher than the reference range.  From the present study, it was concluded that the prognosis of peritonitis cases has to be precisely assessed on the basis of both haematological and peritoneal fluid examination. On overall moderate to marked left shift and moderate to severe toxic cytological changes in neutrophils along with unfavourable peritoneal fluid changes were indicative of poor prognosis.

REFERENCES

  1. Allen, S. E. and Holm, J. E. (2008). Lactate: physiology and clinical utility. J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care. 18: 123-32.
  2. Benjamin, M. M. (1985). Outline of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Kalyani Publisher, New Delhi, India. pp 60- 63, 71-75.
  3. Cramers, T., Mikkelsen, K. B., Anderson, P., Enevoldsen, C. and Jensen, H. E. (2005). New types of foreign bodies and the effect of magnets in traumatic reticulitis in cows. Vet. Rec. 157: 287-89.
  4. Dirksen, G. (1979). Digestive system Special examination. In: Clinical Examination of Cattle. 2nd edn. pp 184-254 [Rosenberger G (ed.)] Verlag Paul, Parley Berlin and Hamburg, Germany.
  5. Fecteau, G. (2005). Management of peritonitis in cattle. Vet. Clin. Food Anim. Pract. 21: 155-171.
  6. Feldman, B. F., Zinkl, J. G. and Jain, N. C. (2000). Schalm’s Veterinary Haematology. 5th edn, Lee and Febiger, Philadelphia.
  7. Fubini, S. and Divers, T. J. (2007). Non-infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In: Rebhun‘s Diseases of Dairy Cattle [Divers T, Peek S. (eds.)] 2nd ed. Saunders Elsevier, St Louis. 130-199.
  8. Fubini, S. L., Normand, G., Ducharme, G. N., Hollis, N., Erb, N. H., Donald, F. S., Williams, C. and Rebhun. (1989). Failure of omasal transport attributable to perireticular abscess formation in cattle, 29 cases (1980-1986). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 194: 811-14.
  9. Garry, F. B. (2002). Indigestion in ruminants. In: [Smith B P (ed)]. Large Animal Internal Medicine 3rd edn. Mosby Inc, Philadelphia, USA. pp 748.
  10. Kaneko, J. J., Harvey, J. W. and Bruss, M. L. (2008). Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals, 6th ed. Academic Press, London.
  11. Kumar, M., Mohindroo, J., Kumar, A. and Singh, S. S. (2008). Clinical, haematobiochemical and ultrasonographic features of diffuse peritonitis in bovines. Indian J. Vet. Surg. 29: 34-36.
  12. Manns, J. G. and Boda, J. M. (1966). The influence of age of lambs on the ketogenicity and butyrate and tolerance to exogenous in vivo. J. Agri. Sci. 67: 377-380.
  13. Oehme, F. W. and Noordsy, J. L. (1970). Examination of peritoneal fluid in deferential diagnosis of bovine disease. Vet. Med. 65: 54-59.
  14. Palmer, J. E. and Whitlock, R. H. (1984). Perforating abomasal ulcers in adult dairy cattle. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 184: 171-74
  15. Pienkowski, M. (1969). Estimation of the functional state of liver in cows with acid indigestion. Annals universitatis, Marial Curie-Skalodowska, Lublin Pulonia, Section dd Vol XXIV 18: 209-22.
  16. Prathaban, S. and Gnanaprakashan, V. (1990). Studies on plasma fibrinogen level of Indian crossbred cow in health and disease. Indian Vet. J. 67: 453-56.
  17. Radostits, O. M., Gay, C. C., Hinchcliff, K. and Constable, P. D. (2000). Veterinary Medicine. A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs, and Goats, 9th edn. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia. pp 179-183, 250- 255.
  18. Sethuraman, V. and Rathor, S. S. (1979). Clinical, haematological and biochemical studies in secondary indigestion in bovines due to traumatic reticulitis and diaphragmatic hernia. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 49: 703-06.
  19. Smith, B. P. (2002). Diseases of alimentary tract. Large Animal Internal Medicine. 3rd Edn. pp 722-68 Mosby St. Louis Missouri USA.
  20. Ward, J. L. and Ducharme, N. G. (1994). Traumatic reticuloperitonitis in dairy cows. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 204: 874- 77.
  21. Wilson, A. D., Hirsch, V. M. and Osporne, A. D. (1985). Abdomeno-centesis in cattle. Technique and criteria for diagnosis of peritonitis. Can. Vet. J. 26: 74-80.
  22. Ziemer, E. L. (1989). Cytological analysis of large animal body fluids. Vet. Med. 6: 574-83.
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    volume 48 issue 2 (april 2014) : 188-193,   Doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.2.039

    HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES AND PERITONEAL FLUID CYTOLOGY IN CLINICAL CASES OF BOVINE PERITONITIS

    S
    S.A. Hussain*
    S
    S.K. Uppal
    1Department of Veterinary Medicine Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana- 141 004, India
    Cite article:- Hussain* S.A., Uppal S.K. (2025). HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES AND PERITONEAL FLUID CYTOLOGY IN CLINICAL CASES OF BOVINE PERITONITIS. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 48(2): 188-193. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.2.039.

    ABSTRACT

    Thirty two clinical cases were used to study changes in blood and peritoneal fluid of cattle suffering from peritonitis. Haematology revealed reversal of lymphocyte to neutrophil ratio, left shift and toxic changes in neutrophils, in majority of animals. Biochemical analysis revealed deranged liver and kidney function tests, increased glucose and lactate whereas albumin, chloride and calcium concentrations were decreased. Peritoneal fluid changes were altered consistency and colour; increased volume, specific gravity and total protein concentration; and presence of degenerated neutrophils, bacteria and gut contents. Neutrophils percentage in peritoneal fluid was higher than the reference range.  From the present study, it was concluded that the prognosis of peritonitis cases has to be precisely assessed on the basis of both haematological and peritoneal fluid examination. On overall moderate to marked left shift and moderate to severe toxic cytological changes in neutrophils along with unfavourable peritoneal fluid changes were indicative of poor prognosis.

    REFERENCES

    1. Allen, S. E. and Holm, J. E. (2008). Lactate: physiology and clinical utility. J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care. 18: 123-32.
    2. Benjamin, M. M. (1985). Outline of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Kalyani Publisher, New Delhi, India. pp 60- 63, 71-75.
    3. Cramers, T., Mikkelsen, K. B., Anderson, P., Enevoldsen, C. and Jensen, H. E. (2005). New types of foreign bodies and the effect of magnets in traumatic reticulitis in cows. Vet. Rec. 157: 287-89.
    4. Dirksen, G. (1979). Digestive system Special examination. In: Clinical Examination of Cattle. 2nd edn. pp 184-254 [Rosenberger G (ed.)] Verlag Paul, Parley Berlin and Hamburg, Germany.
    5. Fecteau, G. (2005). Management of peritonitis in cattle. Vet. Clin. Food Anim. Pract. 21: 155-171.
    6. Feldman, B. F., Zinkl, J. G. and Jain, N. C. (2000). Schalm’s Veterinary Haematology. 5th edn, Lee and Febiger, Philadelphia.
    7. Fubini, S. and Divers, T. J. (2007). Non-infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In: Rebhun‘s Diseases of Dairy Cattle [Divers T, Peek S. (eds.)] 2nd ed. Saunders Elsevier, St Louis. 130-199.
    8. Fubini, S. L., Normand, G., Ducharme, G. N., Hollis, N., Erb, N. H., Donald, F. S., Williams, C. and Rebhun. (1989). Failure of omasal transport attributable to perireticular abscess formation in cattle, 29 cases (1980-1986). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 194: 811-14.
    9. Garry, F. B. (2002). Indigestion in ruminants. In: [Smith B P (ed)]. Large Animal Internal Medicine 3rd edn. Mosby Inc, Philadelphia, USA. pp 748.
    10. Kaneko, J. J., Harvey, J. W. and Bruss, M. L. (2008). Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals, 6th ed. Academic Press, London.
    11. Kumar, M., Mohindroo, J., Kumar, A. and Singh, S. S. (2008). Clinical, haematobiochemical and ultrasonographic features of diffuse peritonitis in bovines. Indian J. Vet. Surg. 29: 34-36.
    12. Manns, J. G. and Boda, J. M. (1966). The influence of age of lambs on the ketogenicity and butyrate and tolerance to exogenous in vivo. J. Agri. Sci. 67: 377-380.
    13. Oehme, F. W. and Noordsy, J. L. (1970). Examination of peritoneal fluid in deferential diagnosis of bovine disease. Vet. Med. 65: 54-59.
    14. Palmer, J. E. and Whitlock, R. H. (1984). Perforating abomasal ulcers in adult dairy cattle. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 184: 171-74
    15. Pienkowski, M. (1969). Estimation of the functional state of liver in cows with acid indigestion. Annals universitatis, Marial Curie-Skalodowska, Lublin Pulonia, Section dd Vol XXIV 18: 209-22.
    16. Prathaban, S. and Gnanaprakashan, V. (1990). Studies on plasma fibrinogen level of Indian crossbred cow in health and disease. Indian Vet. J. 67: 453-56.
    17. Radostits, O. M., Gay, C. C., Hinchcliff, K. and Constable, P. D. (2000). Veterinary Medicine. A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs, and Goats, 9th edn. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia. pp 179-183, 250- 255.
    18. Sethuraman, V. and Rathor, S. S. (1979). Clinical, haematological and biochemical studies in secondary indigestion in bovines due to traumatic reticulitis and diaphragmatic hernia. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 49: 703-06.
    19. Smith, B. P. (2002). Diseases of alimentary tract. Large Animal Internal Medicine. 3rd Edn. pp 722-68 Mosby St. Louis Missouri USA.
    20. Ward, J. L. and Ducharme, N. G. (1994). Traumatic reticuloperitonitis in dairy cows. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 204: 874- 77.
    21. Wilson, A. D., Hirsch, V. M. and Osporne, A. D. (1985). Abdomeno-centesis in cattle. Technique and criteria for diagnosis of peritonitis. Can. Vet. J. 26: 74-80.
    22. Ziemer, E. L. (1989). Cytological analysis of large animal body fluids. Vet. Med. 6: 574-83.
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