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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 53 issue 9 (september 2019) : 1188-1193,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-1140

Biochemical changes and pregnancy toxemia in pregnant and lactating Harri ewes under arid lands conditions

S
Samir Z. El-Zarkouny
E
Eman A. Elwakeel
1Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Cite article:- El-Zarkouny Z. Samir, Elwakeel A. Eman (2019). Biochemical changes and pregnancy toxemia in pregnant and lactating Harri ewes under arid lands conditions. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(9): 1188-1193. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-1140.

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to evaluate serum biochemical constituents and antioxidant enzymes activities in non-pregnant (open), pregnant and lactating ewes exposed to nutritional climatic stress conditions. Forty pure Harri ewes at 3-6 years of age and weighing 49.6 ± 1.22 kg were synchronized for estrus and bred to pregnancy. Ewes were kept indoors in a semi open shelter and were given concentrate mix as the only daily ration during pregnancy and lactation. Pregnant ewes had higher (P<0.05) total protein than lactating that had higher albumin and lower globulin concentrations than open and pregnant ewes. Pregnant ewes had lower glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol than open and lactating ewes. Pregnant ewes had higher Na and lower K than open and lactating ewes. During last 3 months of pregnancy antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde rose to maximum and declined after parturition. It can be concluded that pregnant ewes often endure dramatic alteration in their metabolism due to heightened fetal development demanding more nutritional intervention to avoid pregnancy toxemia and improve productivity.  

REFERENCES

  1. Al-Qudah, K.M. (2011). Oxidant and antioxidant profile of hyperketonemic ewes affected by pregnancy toxemia. Veterinary and Clinical Pathology, 40: 60-65.
  2. A.O.A.C. (2006). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International (2000). 20th ed. AOAC International, Arlington, VA, USA.
  3. Bickhardt, K., Henze, P., Ganter, M. (1998). Clinical findings and differential diagnosis in ketosis and hypocalcemia in sheep. Deutsche tierärztliche Wochenschrift, 105: 413–419.
  4. Davson, H, and Segal, M.B. (1980). Pregnancy: maintenance and prevention. In: Introduction to physiology, 5: control of reproduction. Academic Press, London, pp: 258-288.
  5. Duehlmeier, R., Fluegge, I., Schwert, B., Parvizi, N., Ganter, M. (2011). Metabolic adaptations to pregnancy and lactation in German Blackheaded Mutton and Finn sheep ewes with different susceptibilities to pregnancy toxaemia. Small Ruminant Research, 96: 178–184.
  6. El-Sherif, M.M.A. and Assad, F. (2001). Changes in some blood constituents of Barki ewes during pregnancy and lactation under semi-arid condition. Small Ruminant Research, 40: 269-277.
  7. Elzein E., Osman, I., Omer, S.A. (2016). Effect of physiological status in some haematological and biochemical parameters in desert goats. International Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 5(2): 95-98. 
  8. Gitto, E., Reiter, R.J., Karbownik, M., Tan, D.X., Gitto, P., Barberi, S., Barberi, I. (2002). Causes of oxidative stress in the pre- and perinatal period. Biology of the Neonate, 81(3):146-57.
  9. Hayajneh, F.M.F., Abdelqader, A., Irshaid, R. A.H. (2016). Effects of pregnancy and disease stress on the antioxidative capacity of sheep and goat. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 4(5): 605-609. 
  10. Jainudee, M.R. and Hafez, E.S.E. (1994). Gestation Prenatal Physiology and Parturition. In: Reproduction in Farm Animals. [Hafez ESE (Ed)] Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. Pp. 247-283.
  11. Judith, V.M. and Thomas, H.H. (1988). Pregnancy toxemia and ketosis in ewes and does. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 4 (2): 307–315.
  12. Kurek-Górecka, A., Rzepecka-Stojko, A., G´orecki, M., Stojko, J., Sosada, M., Swierczek-Zieba, G. (2014). Structure and antioxidant activity of polyphenols derived from propolis. Molecules, (19): 78-101. 
  13. Marteniuk, J.V. and Herdt, T.H. (1988). Pregnancy toxemia and ketosis of ewes and does. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 4: 307-315.
  14. Oltenacu, E.A. and Boylan, W.J. (1981). Productivity of purebred and crossbred Finn sheep. I. Reproductive traits of ewes and lamb survival. Journal of Animal Science, 52: 989–997.
  15. Rook, J.S. (2000). Pregnancy toxemia of ewes, does, and beef cows. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 16: 293–317.
  16. Sahoo, S.S., Parta, R.C., Behera, P.C., Swarup, D. (2009). Oxidative stress indices in the erythrocytes from lactating cows after treatment for subclinic ketosis with antioxidant incorporated in the therapeutic regime. Veterinary Research Communication, 33: 281-290.
  17. Sigurdsson, H. (1988). The effect of flock, number of fetuses and age on some biochemical blood constituents in ewes in late pregnancy under field conditions. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. Series A: Physiology, Pathology,Clinical Medicine, 35 (6):417–423.
  18. Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B., Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 3583–3597.
  19. Vihan, V.S. and Rai, P. (1983). Metabolic profiles at different physiological stage in sheep and goat. Indian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 3: 1-8.
  20. Vonnahme, K.A., Hess, B.W., Hansen, T.R., McCormick, R.J., Rule, D.C., Moss G.E., et al (2003). Maternal under nutrition from early- to mid-gestation leads to growth retardation, cardiac ventricular hypertrophy, and increased liver weight in the fetal sheep. Biology of Reproduction, 69(1):133-40. 
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 9 (september 2019) : 1188-1193,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-1140

    Biochemical changes and pregnancy toxemia in pregnant and lactating Harri ewes under arid lands conditions

    S
    Samir Z. El-Zarkouny
    E
    Eman A. Elwakeel
    1Department of Arid Land Agriculture,&nbsp;Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
    Cite article:- El-Zarkouny Z. Samir, Elwakeel A. Eman (2019). Biochemical changes and pregnancy toxemia in pregnant and lactating Harri ewes under arid lands conditions. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(9): 1188-1193. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-1140.

    ABSTRACT

    This study was conducted to evaluate serum biochemical constituents and antioxidant enzymes activities in non-pregnant (open), pregnant and lactating ewes exposed to nutritional climatic stress conditions. Forty pure Harri ewes at 3-6 years of age and weighing 49.6 ± 1.22 kg were synchronized for estrus and bred to pregnancy. Ewes were kept indoors in a semi open shelter and were given concentrate mix as the only daily ration during pregnancy and lactation. Pregnant ewes had higher (P<0.05) total protein than lactating that had higher albumin and lower globulin concentrations than open and pregnant ewes. Pregnant ewes had lower glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol than open and lactating ewes. Pregnant ewes had higher Na and lower K than open and lactating ewes. During last 3 months of pregnancy antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde rose to maximum and declined after parturition. It can be concluded that pregnant ewes often endure dramatic alteration in their metabolism due to heightened fetal development demanding more nutritional intervention to avoid pregnancy toxemia and improve productivity.  

    REFERENCES

    1. Al-Qudah, K.M. (2011). Oxidant and antioxidant profile of hyperketonemic ewes affected by pregnancy toxemia. Veterinary and Clinical Pathology, 40: 60-65.
    2. A.O.A.C. (2006). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International (2000). 20th ed. AOAC International, Arlington, VA, USA.
    3. Bickhardt, K., Henze, P., Ganter, M. (1998). Clinical findings and differential diagnosis in ketosis and hypocalcemia in sheep. Deutsche tierärztliche Wochenschrift, 105: 413–419.
    4. Davson, H, and Segal, M.B. (1980). Pregnancy: maintenance and prevention. In: Introduction to physiology, 5: control of reproduction. Academic Press, London, pp: 258-288.
    5. Duehlmeier, R., Fluegge, I., Schwert, B., Parvizi, N., Ganter, M. (2011). Metabolic adaptations to pregnancy and lactation in German Blackheaded Mutton and Finn sheep ewes with different susceptibilities to pregnancy toxaemia. Small Ruminant Research, 96: 178–184.
    6. El-Sherif, M.M.A. and Assad, F. (2001). Changes in some blood constituents of Barki ewes during pregnancy and lactation under semi-arid condition. Small Ruminant Research, 40: 269-277.
    7. Elzein E., Osman, I., Omer, S.A. (2016). Effect of physiological status in some haematological and biochemical parameters in desert goats. International Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 5(2): 95-98. 
    8. Gitto, E., Reiter, R.J., Karbownik, M., Tan, D.X., Gitto, P., Barberi, S., Barberi, I. (2002). Causes of oxidative stress in the pre- and perinatal period. Biology of the Neonate, 81(3):146-57.
    9. Hayajneh, F.M.F., Abdelqader, A., Irshaid, R. A.H. (2016). Effects of pregnancy and disease stress on the antioxidative capacity of sheep and goat. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 4(5): 605-609. 
    10. Jainudee, M.R. and Hafez, E.S.E. (1994). Gestation Prenatal Physiology and Parturition. In: Reproduction in Farm Animals. [Hafez ESE (Ed)] Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. Pp. 247-283.
    11. Judith, V.M. and Thomas, H.H. (1988). Pregnancy toxemia and ketosis in ewes and does. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 4 (2): 307–315.
    12. Kurek-Górecka, A., Rzepecka-Stojko, A., G´orecki, M., Stojko, J., Sosada, M., Swierczek-Zieba, G. (2014). Structure and antioxidant activity of polyphenols derived from propolis. Molecules, (19): 78-101. 
    13. Marteniuk, J.V. and Herdt, T.H. (1988). Pregnancy toxemia and ketosis of ewes and does. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 4: 307-315.
    14. Oltenacu, E.A. and Boylan, W.J. (1981). Productivity of purebred and crossbred Finn sheep. I. Reproductive traits of ewes and lamb survival. Journal of Animal Science, 52: 989–997.
    15. Rook, J.S. (2000). Pregnancy toxemia of ewes, does, and beef cows. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 16: 293–317.
    16. Sahoo, S.S., Parta, R.C., Behera, P.C., Swarup, D. (2009). Oxidative stress indices in the erythrocytes from lactating cows after treatment for subclinic ketosis with antioxidant incorporated in the therapeutic regime. Veterinary Research Communication, 33: 281-290.
    17. Sigurdsson, H. (1988). The effect of flock, number of fetuses and age on some biochemical blood constituents in ewes in late pregnancy under field conditions. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. Series A: Physiology, Pathology,Clinical Medicine, 35 (6):417–423.
    18. Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B., Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 3583–3597.
    19. Vihan, V.S. and Rai, P. (1983). Metabolic profiles at different physiological stage in sheep and goat. Indian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 3: 1-8.
    20. Vonnahme, K.A., Hess, B.W., Hansen, T.R., McCormick, R.J., Rule, D.C., Moss G.E., et al (2003). Maternal under nutrition from early- to mid-gestation leads to growth retardation, cardiac ventricular hypertrophy, and increased liver weight in the fetal sheep. Biology of Reproduction, 69(1):133-40. 
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