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Research Article

volume 53 issue 12 (december 2019) : 1629-1634,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-1134

The Effects of Dietary Vitamin C Levels on Tissue Ascorbic Acid Concentration and Growth in European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.1758)

A
Aysun KOP
1Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, Aquaculture Department, 35100, Bornova-Izmir/Turkey.
Cite article:- KOP Aysun (2019). The Effects of Dietary Vitamin C Levels on Tissue Ascorbic Acid Concentration and Growth in European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.1758). Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(12): 1629-1634. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-1134.

ABSTRACT

The effect of different dietary levels of L-ascorbic acid on the growth and vitamin C concentration in the tissue of European Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.1753) with an initial body weight of 4.6±1.1 g was studied. Four practical diets were formulated to containing 10 (AA10), 25 (AA25), 42 (AA42) and 65 (AA65) mg ascorbic acid equivalent kg-1 diet. The results of a 20 week feeding trial showed that typical vitamin C-deficiency signs and high mortality in the fish fed with the AA10 diet. The fish fed with AA42 (42 mg kg-1 AA diet) showed a significantly higher final body weight than the other diets (P <0.05) and the concentrations of ascorbic acid (AA) in the brain of these fish were higher than in the other experimental group (P < 0.05). In this study, the amount of storage in the organs occurred in this order: brain, kidney, liver.

REFERENCES

  1. AOAC, (1995). Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington.
  2. Alexis, M.N., Nengas I., Fountoulaki E., Papoutsi E. andriopoulou A., Koutsodimou M., Gaubaudan, J.(1999). Tissue ascorbic acid levels in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) fingerlings fed diets containing different forms of ascorbic acid, Aquaculture. 179: 447-456.
  3. Boonyaratpalin, M., Unprasert, N., Buranapanidgit, J., (1991). Optimal dietary ascorbic acid level and ascorbic acid deficiency symptoms in sea bass Lates calcarifer. In: Ascorbic Acid in Domestic Animals [Wenk, C., Fenster, R., Vo¨lker, L. (Eds.)], Kartause Ittingen, Switzerland, 9–12 October 1990, pp. 149–156.
  4. Chen Y.J., Yuan R.M., Liu Y.J., Yang H.J., Liang G.Y., Tian L.X., (2015). Dietary vitamin C requirement and its effects on tissue antioxidant capacity of juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. Aquaculture. 435: 431–436.
  5. Cho, C.Y., Cowey, C.B., (1993). Utilization of monophosphate esters of ascorbic acid by rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. In: Fish Nutrition in Practice [Kaushic, S., Luquet, P. (Eds.)], INRA, Paris, pp.149–156.
  6. Dabrowski, K., Lee, K.J., Guz, L., Verlhac, V., Gabaudan, J., (2004). Effects of dietary ascorbic acid on oxygen stress (hypoxia or hyperoxia), growth and tissue vitamin concentrations in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture. 233: 383–392.
  7. Dada A.A.,2012. Effect of ascorbic acid supplementation in broodstock feed on sperm quality of african sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) .Indian Journal Of Animal Research. 46: 213-218.
  8. Dawood M.A.O. and Koshio. S., (2018). Vitamin C supplementation to optimize growth, health and stress resistance in aquatic animals. Reviews in Aquaculture. 10: 334–350
  9. FAO (2009). Dicentrarchus labrax. In Cultured aquatic species fact sheets. Text by Bagni, M. Edited and compiled by Valerio Crespi and Michael New. http://www.fao.org/tempref/FI/CDrom/aquaculture/I1129m/file/en/en_europeanseabass.htm (07.2019).
  10. Hilton, J.W, Cho, C.Y, Brown R.G, Slinger S.J, (1979). The synthesis, half-life and distribution of ascorbic acid in rainbow trout, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology. 63: 447-453.
  11. Hilton, J.W., Cho C.Y. and Slinger S.J. (1977). Factors affecting and stability of supplemental ascorbic acid in practical trout diets. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34: 683-687.
  12. Huang, F., Wu, F., Zhang, S., Jiang, M., Liu, W., Tian, J., Yang, C. and Wen, H., (2017). Dietary vitamin C requirement of juvenile Chinese sucker (Myxocyprinus asiaticus). Aquac Res. 48: 37-46. doi:10.1111/are.12858
  13. Islami H.R. and Arab N., (2013). Effect of dietary vitamin C on survival and growth performance of Caspian Brown Trout (Salmo trutta caspius) Fingerlings. VI International Conference “Water & Fish”. Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia June, 12 – 14. p.148
  14. Kim JH, Kang JC (2015). Influence of dietary Ascorbic Acid on the Immune Responses of Juvenile Korean Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health. 27(3): 178–184.
  15. Kop A. (2018). Growth performance of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed with yeast feed in earthen ponds and its effect on feed cost. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 6(6): 336-340
  16. Lee KJ, Kim KW, Bai SC (1998) Effects of different dietary levels of L-ascorbic acid on growth and tissue vitamin C concentration in juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf). Aquaculture Research. 29: 237–244.
  17. Liang, X.-P., Li, Y., Hou, Y.-M., Qiu H. and Qi-Cun Zhou, (2017). Effect of dietary vitamin C on the growth performance, antioxidant ability and innate immunity of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Richardson). Aquaculture Research. 48: 149–160
  18. NRC (2011). Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp, pp.207–209. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
  19. Sandnes K, Hansen T, Killie JEA, WaagbØ R. (1990). Ascorbate-2-sulfate as a dietary vitamin C source for Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. Growth, bioactivity, haematology and humoral immune response. Fish Physiol Biochem. 8: 419e27. 
  20. Saroglia M, Scarano G., (1992). Experimental induction of ascorbic acid deficiency in seabass in intensive aquaculture. Bulletin-    European Association of Fish Pathologists. 12: 96.
  21. Shahkar E., Yun H., Kim D.J., Kim S.- K., Lee B. I., Bai S. C.,(2015). Effects of dietary vitamin C levels on tissue ascorbic acid concentration,hematology, non-specific immune response and gonad histology in broodstock Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Aquaculture. 438: 115–121
  22. Shiau SY, Hsu TS., (1995). L-Ascorbyl-2-sulfate has equal antiscorbutic activity as L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate for tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus X O. aureus. Aquaculture. 133:147–157.
  23. Terada M., Watanabe Y., Kunitomo M., Hayashi E., (1978). Differential rapid analysis of ascorbic acid and ascorbic acid 2-sulfate by dinitrophenylhydrazine method. Analytical Biochemistry. 84: 604-608.
  24. Thompson, I., White, A., Fletcher, T.C., Houlihan, D.F., Secombes, C.J.(1993). The effect of stress on the immune response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed diets containing different amounts of vitamin C. Aquaculture. 114: 1-18.
  25. Wang XJ, Kim KW, Bai SC. (2002). Effects of different dietary levels of L-ascorbyl-2- polyphosphate on growth and tissue vitamin C concentrations in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel). Aquacult Res. 33:261-7.
  26. Wang X., Kim K.-W., Bai S.C., Huh M.-D., Cho B.-Y., (2003). Effects of the different levels of dietary vitamin C on growth and tissue ascorbic acid changes in parrot fish (Oplegnathus fasciatus). Aquaculture. 215: 203–211. 
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 12 (december 2019) : 1629-1634,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-1134

    The Effects of Dietary Vitamin C Levels on Tissue Ascorbic Acid Concentration and Growth in European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.1758)

    A
    Aysun KOP
    1Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries,&nbsp;Aquaculture Department, 35100, Bornova-Izmir/Turkey.
    Cite article:- KOP Aysun (2019). The Effects of Dietary Vitamin C Levels on Tissue Ascorbic Acid Concentration and Growth in European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.1758). Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(12): 1629-1634. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-1134.

    ABSTRACT

    The effect of different dietary levels of L-ascorbic acid on the growth and vitamin C concentration in the tissue of European Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.1753) with an initial body weight of 4.6±1.1 g was studied. Four practical diets were formulated to containing 10 (AA10), 25 (AA25), 42 (AA42) and 65 (AA65) mg ascorbic acid equivalent kg-1 diet. The results of a 20 week feeding trial showed that typical vitamin C-deficiency signs and high mortality in the fish fed with the AA10 diet. The fish fed with AA42 (42 mg kg-1 AA diet) showed a significantly higher final body weight than the other diets (P <0.05) and the concentrations of ascorbic acid (AA) in the brain of these fish were higher than in the other experimental group (P < 0.05). In this study, the amount of storage in the organs occurred in this order: brain, kidney, liver.

    REFERENCES

    1. AOAC, (1995). Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington.
    2. Alexis, M.N., Nengas I., Fountoulaki E., Papoutsi E. andriopoulou A., Koutsodimou M., Gaubaudan, J.(1999). Tissue ascorbic acid levels in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) fingerlings fed diets containing different forms of ascorbic acid, Aquaculture. 179: 447-456.
    3. Boonyaratpalin, M., Unprasert, N., Buranapanidgit, J., (1991). Optimal dietary ascorbic acid level and ascorbic acid deficiency symptoms in sea bass Lates calcarifer. In: Ascorbic Acid in Domestic Animals [Wenk, C., Fenster, R., Vo¨lker, L. (Eds.)], Kartause Ittingen, Switzerland, 9–12 October 1990, pp. 149–156.
    4. Chen Y.J., Yuan R.M., Liu Y.J., Yang H.J., Liang G.Y., Tian L.X., (2015). Dietary vitamin C requirement and its effects on tissue antioxidant capacity of juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. Aquaculture. 435: 431–436.
    5. Cho, C.Y., Cowey, C.B., (1993). Utilization of monophosphate esters of ascorbic acid by rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. In: Fish Nutrition in Practice [Kaushic, S., Luquet, P. (Eds.)], INRA, Paris, pp.149–156.
    6. Dabrowski, K., Lee, K.J., Guz, L., Verlhac, V., Gabaudan, J., (2004). Effects of dietary ascorbic acid on oxygen stress (hypoxia or hyperoxia), growth and tissue vitamin concentrations in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture. 233: 383–392.
    7. Dada A.A.,2012. Effect of ascorbic acid supplementation in broodstock feed on sperm quality of african sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) .Indian Journal Of Animal Research. 46: 213-218.
    8. Dawood M.A.O. and Koshio. S., (2018). Vitamin C supplementation to optimize growth, health and stress resistance in aquatic animals. Reviews in Aquaculture. 10: 334–350
    9. FAO (2009). Dicentrarchus labrax. In Cultured aquatic species fact sheets. Text by Bagni, M. Edited and compiled by Valerio Crespi and Michael New. http://www.fao.org/tempref/FI/CDrom/aquaculture/I1129m/file/en/en_europeanseabass.htm (07.2019).
    10. Hilton, J.W, Cho, C.Y, Brown R.G, Slinger S.J, (1979). The synthesis, half-life and distribution of ascorbic acid in rainbow trout, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology. 63: 447-453.
    11. Hilton, J.W., Cho C.Y. and Slinger S.J. (1977). Factors affecting and stability of supplemental ascorbic acid in practical trout diets. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34: 683-687.
    12. Huang, F., Wu, F., Zhang, S., Jiang, M., Liu, W., Tian, J., Yang, C. and Wen, H., (2017). Dietary vitamin C requirement of juvenile Chinese sucker (Myxocyprinus asiaticus). Aquac Res. 48: 37-46. doi:10.1111/are.12858
    13. Islami H.R. and Arab N., (2013). Effect of dietary vitamin C on survival and growth performance of Caspian Brown Trout (Salmo trutta caspius) Fingerlings. VI International Conference “Water & Fish”. Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia June, 12 – 14. p.148
    14. Kim JH, Kang JC (2015). Influence of dietary Ascorbic Acid on the Immune Responses of Juvenile Korean Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health. 27(3): 178–184.
    15. Kop A. (2018). Growth performance of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed with yeast feed in earthen ponds and its effect on feed cost. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 6(6): 336-340
    16. Lee KJ, Kim KW, Bai SC (1998) Effects of different dietary levels of L-ascorbic acid on growth and tissue vitamin C concentration in juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf). Aquaculture Research. 29: 237–244.
    17. Liang, X.-P., Li, Y., Hou, Y.-M., Qiu H. and Qi-Cun Zhou, (2017). Effect of dietary vitamin C on the growth performance, antioxidant ability and innate immunity of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Richardson). Aquaculture Research. 48: 149–160
    18. NRC (2011). Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp, pp.207–209. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
    19. Sandnes K, Hansen T, Killie JEA, WaagbØ R. (1990). Ascorbate-2-sulfate as a dietary vitamin C source for Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. Growth, bioactivity, haematology and humoral immune response. Fish Physiol Biochem. 8: 419e27. 
    20. Saroglia M, Scarano G., (1992). Experimental induction of ascorbic acid deficiency in seabass in intensive aquaculture. Bulletin-    European Association of Fish Pathologists. 12: 96.
    21. Shahkar E., Yun H., Kim D.J., Kim S.- K., Lee B. I., Bai S. C.,(2015). Effects of dietary vitamin C levels on tissue ascorbic acid concentration,hematology, non-specific immune response and gonad histology in broodstock Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Aquaculture. 438: 115–121
    22. Shiau SY, Hsu TS., (1995). L-Ascorbyl-2-sulfate has equal antiscorbutic activity as L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate for tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus X O. aureus. Aquaculture. 133:147–157.
    23. Terada M., Watanabe Y., Kunitomo M., Hayashi E., (1978). Differential rapid analysis of ascorbic acid and ascorbic acid 2-sulfate by dinitrophenylhydrazine method. Analytical Biochemistry. 84: 604-608.
    24. Thompson, I., White, A., Fletcher, T.C., Houlihan, D.F., Secombes, C.J.(1993). The effect of stress on the immune response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed diets containing different amounts of vitamin C. Aquaculture. 114: 1-18.
    25. Wang XJ, Kim KW, Bai SC. (2002). Effects of different dietary levels of L-ascorbyl-2- polyphosphate on growth and tissue vitamin C concentrations in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel). Aquacult Res. 33:261-7.
    26. Wang X., Kim K.-W., Bai S.C., Huh M.-D., Cho B.-Y., (2003). Effects of the different levels of dietary vitamin C on growth and tissue ascorbic acid changes in parrot fish (Oplegnathus fasciatus). Aquaculture. 215: 203–211. 
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