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Research Article

volume 54 issue 9 (september 2020) : 1120-1124,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-1017

Supplementation and optimization of ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome powder in growing rabbit diets

I
I.P. Ogbuewu
C
C.A. Mbajiorgu
1Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Cite article:- Ogbuewu I.P., Mbajiorgu C.A. (2019). Supplementation and optimization of ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome powder in growing rabbit diets. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 54(9): 1120-1124. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-1017.

ABSTRACT

The responses of growing rabbits to varying levels of ginger rhizome powder (GP) supplementation were investigated. 72 growing rabbits were divided in 4 groups with each group replicated thrice. Rabbits in each group received commercial diet supplemented with GP at a rate of 0 g (T1), 5 g (T2), 10 g (T3) or 15 g/kg feed (T4) in a completely randomized design for 12 weeks. Quadratic regression equation was used to determine GP supplementation for optimum production variables. Results indicated that rabbits on diet T4 gained weight with lesser feed intake (FI), whereas rabbits on diet T2 had the best feed to gain ratio. Rabbits on diets T2 and T3 recorded higher (p<0.05) glucose levels compared to those on the other two diets. Higher (p<0.05) cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDLP) and low-density lipoprotein (LDLP) were recorded for rabbits on diet T4 compared to those on diet T1. Rabbits on diet T1 had (p<0.05) lower potassium level than rabbits on diets T2 and T4. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level was lowest for rabbits on diet T3, which differed (p<0.05) significantly from rabbits on the other three diets. The results indicated that GP supplementation at 2.601, 2.826, 2.047, 0.148, 0.774, 0.792, 0.266, 1.363 and 2.443 g/kg feed supported the optimum live weight, FI, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDLP, LDLP, potassium and ALP level, respectively in growing rabbits. The above-mentioned findings indicate that GP supplementation on rabbit diets enhanced production variables.

REFERENCES

  1. Afzal, M., Al-Hadidi, D., Menon, M., Pesek, J. and Dhami, M.S. (2001). Ginger an ethnomedical, chemical and pharmacological review. Drug Met. Drug Interact., 18:159-190. 
  2. Alabi, O.J., Ng’ambi, J.W., Mbajiorgu, E.F., Norris, D. and Mabelebele, M. (2015). Growth and haematological response of indigenous Venda chicken aged 8 – 13 weeks to varying dietary lysine to energy ratios. J. Anim. Physiol. and Anim. Nut., 99: 436-41. 
  3. Bone, F.J. (1979). Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals. Reston, USA.
  4. Cheesbrough, M. (2000). District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries. Part 2, Cambridge University Press.
  5. Enemor, V.H.A., Anosike, J.C., Nwoke, B.E.B., and Chikezie, P.C. (2005). Serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels in malaria patients. Int. J. Nat. and Appld. Scs, 1:85 - 89. 
  6. Iwuji, T.C. and Herbert, U. (2012). Evaluation of the growth-promoting the effect of Garcinia kola seeds in growing rabbits. J. Glob. Biosci., 1:1-4.
  7. Lapiñski, S., Gacek, L., Gawroñska, J., Guja, I., Kowal, J., Migdal, L., Migdal, W. and Niedbala P. (2018). The effect of phytogenic feed additives on the performance, meat and coccidial infection rates of rabbits. Indian J. Anim. Res., 52:1082-1086.
  8. Ng’ambi, J.W., Molepo, L.S. and Ginindza, M.M. (2017). Effect of dietary Moringa oleifera seed meal inclusion on performance and carcass quality of female Ross 308 broiler chickens. Indian J. Anim. Res., pp. 1-6. doi.10.18805/ijar.B-712 
  9. Ogbuewu, I.P., Jiwuba, P.C., Ezeokeke, C.T., Uchegbu, M.C., Okoli, I.C. and Iloeje, M.U. (2014). Evaluation of phytochemical and nutritional composition of ginger rhizome powder. Int. J. Agric. and Rural Dev., 17:1663 - 1670.
  10. Okoro, V.M.0., Mbajiorgu, C.A. and Mbajiorgu, E.F. (2016a). Semen quality characteristics of Koekoek breeder cocks influenced by supplemental inclusion levels of onion and garlic mixture at 35 - 41 weeks of age. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 45:433-440.
  11. Okoro, V.M.O., Nwokeocha, A.C.C., Ijezie, C.O., Mbajiorgu, C.A., and Mbajiorgu, E.F. (2016b). Effect of varying dietary supplemental inclusion levels of onion and garlic on semen quality characteristics of Hubbard white breeder broiler cocks aged 35-41 weeks old. Indian J. Anim. Res., 50: 922-929.
  12. Omagie, J.J., Onimisi, P.A., Adegbite, E.K. and Agunbiade M.O. (2007). The effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) waste meal on growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum lipids and serum cholesterol profile of rabbits. Pak. J. Nutr., 6: 359-362.
  13. Onu, P.N. (2010). Evaluation of two herbal spices as feed additives for finisher broilers. Biotech. in Anim. Husbandry, 26:383-392.
  14. Ortserga, A.A., Andyar, A.C. and Anthony, T.L. (2008). Growth performance of growing rabbits fed graded levels of garlic (Allium sativum). Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of Nigerian Society for Animal Production, Ayetoro, Nigeria, March 16 – 19, pp: 189 – 191.
  15. Saeid, J.M., Arkan, B.M. and Al-baddy, M.A. (2010). Effect of aqueous extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on blood biochemistry parameters of broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 9:944-947.
  16. Srinivasan, K. and Sambaiah, K. (1991). The effect of spices on cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase activity and on serum and hepatic cholesterol levels in the rat. Int. J. vitamin and Nutr. Res., 61: 364-369.
  17. Tanabe, M., Chen, Y.D., Saito, K. and Kano, Y. (1993). Cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitory components from Zingiber officinale Roscoe. Chem. and Pharmaceut. Bull., (Tokyo), 41:710-713.
  18. Tekeli, A., Kutlu, H.R. and Celik, L. (2011). Effect of Z. officinale and propalis extracts on the performance, carcass, and some blood parameters of broiler chicks. Curr. Res. in Poult. Sci., 1:12-23.
  19. Windisch, W., Schedle, K., Plitzner, C. and Kroismayr, A. (2011). Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. J. Anim. Sci., 86: E140 – E148. 
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    Research Article

    volume 54 issue 9 (september 2020) : 1120-1124,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-1017

    Supplementation and optimization of ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome powder in growing rabbit diets

    I
    I.P. Ogbuewu
    C
    C.A. Mbajiorgu
    1Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa.
    Cite article:- Ogbuewu I.P., Mbajiorgu C.A. (2019). Supplementation and optimization of ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome powder in growing rabbit diets. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 54(9): 1120-1124. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-1017.

    ABSTRACT

    The responses of growing rabbits to varying levels of ginger rhizome powder (GP) supplementation were investigated. 72 growing rabbits were divided in 4 groups with each group replicated thrice. Rabbits in each group received commercial diet supplemented with GP at a rate of 0 g (T1), 5 g (T2), 10 g (T3) or 15 g/kg feed (T4) in a completely randomized design for 12 weeks. Quadratic regression equation was used to determine GP supplementation for optimum production variables. Results indicated that rabbits on diet T4 gained weight with lesser feed intake (FI), whereas rabbits on diet T2 had the best feed to gain ratio. Rabbits on diets T2 and T3 recorded higher (p<0.05) glucose levels compared to those on the other two diets. Higher (p<0.05) cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDLP) and low-density lipoprotein (LDLP) were recorded for rabbits on diet T4 compared to those on diet T1. Rabbits on diet T1 had (p<0.05) lower potassium level than rabbits on diets T2 and T4. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level was lowest for rabbits on diet T3, which differed (p<0.05) significantly from rabbits on the other three diets. The results indicated that GP supplementation at 2.601, 2.826, 2.047, 0.148, 0.774, 0.792, 0.266, 1.363 and 2.443 g/kg feed supported the optimum live weight, FI, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDLP, LDLP, potassium and ALP level, respectively in growing rabbits. The above-mentioned findings indicate that GP supplementation on rabbit diets enhanced production variables.

    REFERENCES

    1. Afzal, M., Al-Hadidi, D., Menon, M., Pesek, J. and Dhami, M.S. (2001). Ginger an ethnomedical, chemical and pharmacological review. Drug Met. Drug Interact., 18:159-190. 
    2. Alabi, O.J., Ng’ambi, J.W., Mbajiorgu, E.F., Norris, D. and Mabelebele, M. (2015). Growth and haematological response of indigenous Venda chicken aged 8 – 13 weeks to varying dietary lysine to energy ratios. J. Anim. Physiol. and Anim. Nut., 99: 436-41. 
    3. Bone, F.J. (1979). Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals. Reston, USA.
    4. Cheesbrough, M. (2000). District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries. Part 2, Cambridge University Press.
    5. Enemor, V.H.A., Anosike, J.C., Nwoke, B.E.B., and Chikezie, P.C. (2005). Serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels in malaria patients. Int. J. Nat. and Appld. Scs, 1:85 - 89. 
    6. Iwuji, T.C. and Herbert, U. (2012). Evaluation of the growth-promoting the effect of Garcinia kola seeds in growing rabbits. J. Glob. Biosci., 1:1-4.
    7. Lapiñski, S., Gacek, L., Gawroñska, J., Guja, I., Kowal, J., Migdal, L., Migdal, W. and Niedbala P. (2018). The effect of phytogenic feed additives on the performance, meat and coccidial infection rates of rabbits. Indian J. Anim. Res., 52:1082-1086.
    8. Ng’ambi, J.W., Molepo, L.S. and Ginindza, M.M. (2017). Effect of dietary Moringa oleifera seed meal inclusion on performance and carcass quality of female Ross 308 broiler chickens. Indian J. Anim. Res., pp. 1-6. doi.10.18805/ijar.B-712 
    9. Ogbuewu, I.P., Jiwuba, P.C., Ezeokeke, C.T., Uchegbu, M.C., Okoli, I.C. and Iloeje, M.U. (2014). Evaluation of phytochemical and nutritional composition of ginger rhizome powder. Int. J. Agric. and Rural Dev., 17:1663 - 1670.
    10. Okoro, V.M.0., Mbajiorgu, C.A. and Mbajiorgu, E.F. (2016a). Semen quality characteristics of Koekoek breeder cocks influenced by supplemental inclusion levels of onion and garlic mixture at 35 - 41 weeks of age. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 45:433-440.
    11. Okoro, V.M.O., Nwokeocha, A.C.C., Ijezie, C.O., Mbajiorgu, C.A., and Mbajiorgu, E.F. (2016b). Effect of varying dietary supplemental inclusion levels of onion and garlic on semen quality characteristics of Hubbard white breeder broiler cocks aged 35-41 weeks old. Indian J. Anim. Res., 50: 922-929.
    12. Omagie, J.J., Onimisi, P.A., Adegbite, E.K. and Agunbiade M.O. (2007). The effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) waste meal on growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum lipids and serum cholesterol profile of rabbits. Pak. J. Nutr., 6: 359-362.
    13. Onu, P.N. (2010). Evaluation of two herbal spices as feed additives for finisher broilers. Biotech. in Anim. Husbandry, 26:383-392.
    14. Ortserga, A.A., Andyar, A.C. and Anthony, T.L. (2008). Growth performance of growing rabbits fed graded levels of garlic (Allium sativum). Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of Nigerian Society for Animal Production, Ayetoro, Nigeria, March 16 – 19, pp: 189 – 191.
    15. Saeid, J.M., Arkan, B.M. and Al-baddy, M.A. (2010). Effect of aqueous extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on blood biochemistry parameters of broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 9:944-947.
    16. Srinivasan, K. and Sambaiah, K. (1991). The effect of spices on cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase activity and on serum and hepatic cholesterol levels in the rat. Int. J. vitamin and Nutr. Res., 61: 364-369.
    17. Tanabe, M., Chen, Y.D., Saito, K. and Kano, Y. (1993). Cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitory components from Zingiber officinale Roscoe. Chem. and Pharmaceut. Bull., (Tokyo), 41:710-713.
    18. Tekeli, A., Kutlu, H.R. and Celik, L. (2011). Effect of Z. officinale and propalis extracts on the performance, carcass, and some blood parameters of broiler chicks. Curr. Res. in Poult. Sci., 1:12-23.
    19. Windisch, W., Schedle, K., Plitzner, C. and Kroismayr, A. (2011). Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. J. Anim. Sci., 86: E140 – E148. 
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