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Research Article

volume 53 issue 8 (august 2019) : 1069-1073,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-1007

Effect of energy to protein ratio using alternative feed ingredients on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers

M
M. Alqazzaz
A
A.A. Samsudin
L
L.H. Idris
D
D. Ismail
H
H. Akit
1Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
Cite article:- Alqazzaz M., Samsudin A.A., Idris L.H., Ismail D., Akit H. (2019). Effect of energy to protein ratio using alternative feed ingredients on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(8): 1069-1073. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-1007.

ABSTRACT

Present study was conducted to evaluate the different levels of energy to protein ratios (EPR) using food waste and black soldier fly larvae meal (FWBSFL) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broilers. A total of 160 one-day old broiler chicks were divided randomly to four groups and each group had 8 replicates with 5 chicks per replicate. The control diet was formulated using conventional feed ingredients with EPR of 154 for the starter period and 167 for the finisher period. The other treatments were diets with normal, low, and high EPR (154,143, and 166 for the starter period; 167, 155, and 177 for the finisher period) using FWBSFL. Feed consumption and body weight gain as well as digestibility of crude protein, crude fiber, and fat were decreased due to feeding of FWBSFL diets. Different levels of EPR using FWBSFL decreased growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broilers.

REFERENCES

  1. Adeniji, A. (2007). Effect of replacing groundnut cake with maggot meal in the diet of broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science, 6:822-825.
  2. Aniebo, A.O. and Owen, O.J. (2010). Effects of age and method of drying on the proximate composition of housefly larvae (Musca domestica linnaeus) meal (HFLM). Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 9:485–487.
  3. AOAC. (1995). Official and standardized methods of analysis. 3rd edition. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 117:3892.
  4. AOAC. (2005). Official Methods of Analysis. AOAC International, Arlington, VA.
  5. Arango Gutiérrez, G.P., Vergara Ruiz, R.A., Mejía Vélez, H. (2004). Compositional, microbiological and protein digestibility analysis of the larva meal of Hermetia illuscens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyiidae) at Angelópolis-Antioquia, Colombia. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín, 57:2491-2500.
  6. Atteh, J.O. and Ologbenla, F.D. (2015). Replacement of fish meal with maggots in broiler diets: effects on performance and nutrient retention. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 20:44-49.
  7. Azam, M. and Howlider, M. (1998). Use of autoclaved and non-autoclaved parboiled rice polish as substitute of grain in broiler diet. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 14:181-186.
  8. Chen, K., Chang, H., Yang, C., You, S., Jenq, H., Yu, B. (2007). Effect of dietary inclusion of dehydrated food waste products on Taiwan native chicken. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 20:754.
  9. Classen, H.L. (2017). Diet energy and feed intake in chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 233:13-21.
  10. Cobb Vantress. (2013). Cobb500 broiler performance and nutrition supplement. [accessed 20 May 2018]. http://cobb-vantress.com/    docs/default-source/cobb-500-guides/cobb500-broiler-performance-nutrition-supplement-(english).
  11. Dairo, F., Adesehinwa, A., Oluwasola, T., Oluyemi, J. (2010). High and low dietary energy and protein levels for broiler chickens. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5:2030-2038.
  12. Driemeyer, H. (2016). Evaluation of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae as an alternative protein source in pig creep diets in relation to production, blood and manure microbiology parameters. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University.
  13. Eagleson, C. (2015). Evaluation of the impact of meat and bone meal nutritional variability on broiler performance [Master’s thesis]. University of Arkansas.
  14. Giachetto, P.F., Guerreiro, E.N., Ferro, J.A., Ferro, M.I.T., Furlan, R.L., Macari, M. (2003). Performance and hormonal profile in broiler chickens fed with different energy levels during post restriction period. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 38:697-702.
  15. Ginindza, M.M. and Norris, J.W.N.A.D. (2017). Effect of dietary crude fibre level on intake, digestibility and productivity of slow-    growing indigenous Venda chickens aged one to 91 days. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 51:1073-1079.
  16. Hossein, S. and Dahlan, I. (2015). Growth performance of free-range village chickens fed dehydrated processed food waste. Malaysian Journal of Animal Science, 18:77-86.
  17. Islam, M. (1996). The effect of parboiled rice polish diet on growth and meat yield of broilers. Progressive Agriculture, 7:87-91.
  18. Janssen, W. (1989). European table of energy values for poultry feedstuffs. 3rd ed. European Federation of Branches of The World’s Poultry Science Association. Netherlands:
  19. Johnson, M. and Parsons, C. (1997). Effects of raw material source, ash content, and assay length on protein efficiency ratio and net protein ratio values for animal protein meals. Poultry Science, 76:1722-1727.
  20. Johnson, M., Parsons, C., Fahey, G., Merchen, N., Aldrich, C. (1998). Effects of species raw material source, ash content, and processing temperature on amino acid digestibility of animal by-product meals by cecectomized roosters and ileally cannulated dogs. Journal of Animal Science, 76:1112-1122.
  21. Juliano, B. (1993). FAO. Rice in Human Nutrition. FAO, Rome Disponível em.
  22. Maynard, L.A. and Loosli, J.K. (1969). Animal Nutrition. 6th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York.
  23. Newton, G.L., Sheppard, D.C., Watson, D.W., Burtle, G.J., Dove, C.R., Tomberlin, J.K., Thelen, E.E. (2005). The black soldier fly Hermetia illucens as a manure management resource recovery tool. Symposium on The State of The Science of Animal Manure And Waste Management; January San Antonio, TX, USA.
  24. Noreen, N., Shah, H., Anjum, F., Masood, T., Faisal, S. (2009). Variation in mineral composition and phytic acid content in different rice varieties during home traditional cooking processes. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 7:11-15.
  25. Omoikhoje, S., Ekoigiawe, I., Igidi, C. (2011). Influence of roasted fluted pumpkin pod husk waste on growth and carcass yield of broiler chickens in humid tropical environment. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 45:186-173.
  26. Ratriyanto, A., Indreswari, R., Sunarto. (2014). Effects of protein levels and supplementation of methyl group donor on nutrient digestibility and performance of broiler chickens in the tropics. International Journal of Poultry Science, 13:575-581.
  27. Rozan, P., Kuo, Y.H., Lambein, F. (2000). Free amino acids present in commercially available seedlings sold for human consumption. A potential hazard for consumers. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48:716-723.
  28. Short, F., Gorton, P., Wiseman, J., Boorman, K. (1996). Determination of titanium dioxide added as an inert marker in chicken digestibility studies. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 59:215-221.
  29. St-Hilaire, S., Sheppard, C., Tomberlin, J.K., Irving, S., Newton, L., McGuire, M.A., et al. (2007). Fly prepupae as a feedstuff for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 38:59-67.
  30. Wang, X. and Parsons, C. (1998). Dietary formulation with meat and bone meal on a total versus a digestible or bioavailable amino acid basis. Poultry Science, 77:1010-1015.
  31. Waœko, A., Bulak, P., Polak-Berecka, M., Nowak, K., Polakowski, C., Bieganowski, A. (2016). The first report of the physicochemical structure of chitin isolated from Hermetia illucens. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 92:316-320.
  32. Yari, P., Safarzadeh, A., Zarei, A., Lotfipour, M. (2012). Influences of different levels of dietary metabolisable energy and crude protein on performance and carcass characteristics of chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) during growing period (8-16 wk). Indian Journal of Animal Research, 46:132-136. 
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 8 (august 2019) : 1069-1073,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-1007

    Effect of energy to protein ratio using alternative feed ingredients on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers

    M
    M. Alqazzaz
    A
    A.A. Samsudin
    L
    L.H. Idris
    D
    D. Ismail
    H
    H. Akit
    1Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
    Cite article:- Alqazzaz M., Samsudin A.A., Idris L.H., Ismail D., Akit H. (2019). Effect of energy to protein ratio using alternative feed ingredients on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(8): 1069-1073. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-1007.

    ABSTRACT

    Present study was conducted to evaluate the different levels of energy to protein ratios (EPR) using food waste and black soldier fly larvae meal (FWBSFL) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broilers. A total of 160 one-day old broiler chicks were divided randomly to four groups and each group had 8 replicates with 5 chicks per replicate. The control diet was formulated using conventional feed ingredients with EPR of 154 for the starter period and 167 for the finisher period. The other treatments were diets with normal, low, and high EPR (154,143, and 166 for the starter period; 167, 155, and 177 for the finisher period) using FWBSFL. Feed consumption and body weight gain as well as digestibility of crude protein, crude fiber, and fat were decreased due to feeding of FWBSFL diets. Different levels of EPR using FWBSFL decreased growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broilers.

    REFERENCES

    1. Adeniji, A. (2007). Effect of replacing groundnut cake with maggot meal in the diet of broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science, 6:822-825.
    2. Aniebo, A.O. and Owen, O.J. (2010). Effects of age and method of drying on the proximate composition of housefly larvae (Musca domestica linnaeus) meal (HFLM). Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 9:485–487.
    3. AOAC. (1995). Official and standardized methods of analysis. 3rd edition. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 117:3892.
    4. AOAC. (2005). Official Methods of Analysis. AOAC International, Arlington, VA.
    5. Arango Gutiérrez, G.P., Vergara Ruiz, R.A., Mejía Vélez, H. (2004). Compositional, microbiological and protein digestibility analysis of the larva meal of Hermetia illuscens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyiidae) at Angelópolis-Antioquia, Colombia. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín, 57:2491-2500.
    6. Atteh, J.O. and Ologbenla, F.D. (2015). Replacement of fish meal with maggots in broiler diets: effects on performance and nutrient retention. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 20:44-49.
    7. Azam, M. and Howlider, M. (1998). Use of autoclaved and non-autoclaved parboiled rice polish as substitute of grain in broiler diet. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 14:181-186.
    8. Chen, K., Chang, H., Yang, C., You, S., Jenq, H., Yu, B. (2007). Effect of dietary inclusion of dehydrated food waste products on Taiwan native chicken. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 20:754.
    9. Classen, H.L. (2017). Diet energy and feed intake in chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 233:13-21.
    10. Cobb Vantress. (2013). Cobb500 broiler performance and nutrition supplement. [accessed 20 May 2018]. http://cobb-vantress.com/    docs/default-source/cobb-500-guides/cobb500-broiler-performance-nutrition-supplement-(english).
    11. Dairo, F., Adesehinwa, A., Oluwasola, T., Oluyemi, J. (2010). High and low dietary energy and protein levels for broiler chickens. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5:2030-2038.
    12. Driemeyer, H. (2016). Evaluation of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae as an alternative protein source in pig creep diets in relation to production, blood and manure microbiology parameters. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University.
    13. Eagleson, C. (2015). Evaluation of the impact of meat and bone meal nutritional variability on broiler performance [Master’s thesis]. University of Arkansas.
    14. Giachetto, P.F., Guerreiro, E.N., Ferro, J.A., Ferro, M.I.T., Furlan, R.L., Macari, M. (2003). Performance and hormonal profile in broiler chickens fed with different energy levels during post restriction period. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 38:697-702.
    15. Ginindza, M.M. and Norris, J.W.N.A.D. (2017). Effect of dietary crude fibre level on intake, digestibility and productivity of slow-    growing indigenous Venda chickens aged one to 91 days. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 51:1073-1079.
    16. Hossein, S. and Dahlan, I. (2015). Growth performance of free-range village chickens fed dehydrated processed food waste. Malaysian Journal of Animal Science, 18:77-86.
    17. Islam, M. (1996). The effect of parboiled rice polish diet on growth and meat yield of broilers. Progressive Agriculture, 7:87-91.
    18. Janssen, W. (1989). European table of energy values for poultry feedstuffs. 3rd ed. European Federation of Branches of The World’s Poultry Science Association. Netherlands:
    19. Johnson, M. and Parsons, C. (1997). Effects of raw material source, ash content, and assay length on protein efficiency ratio and net protein ratio values for animal protein meals. Poultry Science, 76:1722-1727.
    20. Johnson, M., Parsons, C., Fahey, G., Merchen, N., Aldrich, C. (1998). Effects of species raw material source, ash content, and processing temperature on amino acid digestibility of animal by-product meals by cecectomized roosters and ileally cannulated dogs. Journal of Animal Science, 76:1112-1122.
    21. Juliano, B. (1993). FAO. Rice in Human Nutrition. FAO, Rome Disponível em.
    22. Maynard, L.A. and Loosli, J.K. (1969). Animal Nutrition. 6th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York.
    23. Newton, G.L., Sheppard, D.C., Watson, D.W., Burtle, G.J., Dove, C.R., Tomberlin, J.K., Thelen, E.E. (2005). The black soldier fly Hermetia illucens as a manure management resource recovery tool. Symposium on The State of The Science of Animal Manure And Waste Management; January San Antonio, TX, USA.
    24. Noreen, N., Shah, H., Anjum, F., Masood, T., Faisal, S. (2009). Variation in mineral composition and phytic acid content in different rice varieties during home traditional cooking processes. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 7:11-15.
    25. Omoikhoje, S., Ekoigiawe, I., Igidi, C. (2011). Influence of roasted fluted pumpkin pod husk waste on growth and carcass yield of broiler chickens in humid tropical environment. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 45:186-173.
    26. Ratriyanto, A., Indreswari, R., Sunarto. (2014). Effects of protein levels and supplementation of methyl group donor on nutrient digestibility and performance of broiler chickens in the tropics. International Journal of Poultry Science, 13:575-581.
    27. Rozan, P., Kuo, Y.H., Lambein, F. (2000). Free amino acids present in commercially available seedlings sold for human consumption. A potential hazard for consumers. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48:716-723.
    28. Short, F., Gorton, P., Wiseman, J., Boorman, K. (1996). Determination of titanium dioxide added as an inert marker in chicken digestibility studies. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 59:215-221.
    29. St-Hilaire, S., Sheppard, C., Tomberlin, J.K., Irving, S., Newton, L., McGuire, M.A., et al. (2007). Fly prepupae as a feedstuff for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 38:59-67.
    30. Wang, X. and Parsons, C. (1998). Dietary formulation with meat and bone meal on a total versus a digestible or bioavailable amino acid basis. Poultry Science, 77:1010-1015.
    31. Waœko, A., Bulak, P., Polak-Berecka, M., Nowak, K., Polakowski, C., Bieganowski, A. (2016). The first report of the physicochemical structure of chitin isolated from Hermetia illucens. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 92:316-320.
    32. Yari, P., Safarzadeh, A., Zarei, A., Lotfipour, M. (2012). Influences of different levels of dietary metabolisable energy and crude protein on performance and carcass characteristics of chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) during growing period (8-16 wk). Indian Journal of Animal Research, 46:132-136. 
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