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volume 46 issue 4 (december 2012) : 348 - 353

PREVALENCE OF SUB CLINICAL MASTITIS IN COWS: ITS ETIOLOGY AND ANTIBIOGRAM

P
Pankaj
A
Anshu Sharma*
R
Rajesh Chhabra
N
Neelesh Sindhu
1College Central Laboratory, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lal Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar-125 004, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Pankaj, Sharma* Anshu, Chhabra Rajesh, Sindhu Neelesh (2025). PREVALENCE OF SUB CLINICAL MASTITIS IN COWS: ITS ETIOLOGY AND ANTIBIOGRAM. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 46(4): 348 - 353. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Study was planned to determine the prevalence of sub clinical mastitis in crossbred and indigenous cows and to characterize etiological agent/s involved along with their antimicrobial sensitivity testing. Milk samples from 364 quarters of 95 lactating cows at an organized farm were screened. The overall quarter wise and animal wise prevalence on the basis of cultural examination was 64.21 and 39.83%, respectively. According to International Dairy Federation criteria, 15.38 % quarters of cows  were suffering from sub clinical mastitis on account of having somatic cell count (SCC) more than 5,00,000 per ml of milk and culturally positive. The prevalence of latent mastitis (SCC 5 x 105/ml of milk and culturally negative) was observed as 24.45 and 4.67 %, respectively. A total of 150 organisms were recovered out of 145 culturally positive quarters. These were 38.66 % coagulase positive staphylococci and  29.33 % were coagulase negative staphylococci followed by Streptococcus dysgalactiae (22.66%), Streptococcus agalactiae (6.66 %) and Streptococcus uberis (2.66%), and (3.33%) quarters revealed mixed infections  of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. The antibiogram of isolates revealed 100 % sensitivity to Cloxacillin, Ceftriaxone and Cefoperazone and high (90.90-100 %) sensitivity towards Enrofloxacin, Cephalexin, Gentamicin and Lincomycin.

REFERENCES

  1. Armenteros, M., Ponce P. , Capdevila J., Zaldivar V. and Hernandez R.. (2006). Prevalence of mastitis in first lactation dairy cows and sensitivity pattern of the bacteria isolated in a specialized dairy .Revi. de Salud Anim., 28: 8-12.
  2. Bauer, A.W., Kirby W.W.M. , Sherris J.C. and Turch. M. (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method. American J. Clin. Pathol., 45: 493-496.
  3. Bulla, T.R. (2002). Studies on diagnosis and treatment of sub-clinical mastitis in buffaloes. M.V.Sc thesis submitted to CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana.
  4. Chavan, V.V., Digraskar S.U., Dhonde S.N. and Hase P.B.. (2007). Observation on bubaline subclinical mastitis in and around Parbhani. Indian J. Field Vet., 3:50.
  5. Dego, O.K. and Tareke F.. (2003). Bovine mastitis in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 35: 197-205.
  6. Dua, K. (2001). Studies on incidence, etiology and estimated economic losses due to mastitis in Punjab and India -An update. Indian Dairyman, 53:41-48.
  7. Ferguson, J.D., Azzaro G., Gambina M. and Licitra G..(2008). Prevalence of mastitis pathogens in Ragusa, Sicily, from 2000 to 2006. J. Dairy Sci., 90: 5798-5813.
  8. Getahun, K., Kelay B., Bekana M. and Lobago F.. (2008). Bovine mastitis and antibiotic resistance patterns in Selalle smallholder dairy farms, central Ethiopia. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 40: 261-268.
  9. Hagnestan, N.C., Emanuelson U., Berglund B. and Strandberg E. (2009). Relationship between somatic cell count and milk yield in different stages of lactation. J. Dairy Sci., 92: 3124-3133.
  10. Hameed, K., Galal A., Sender G. and Korwin K.A.. (2007). Public health hazard due to mastitis in dairy cows. Anim. Sci. Papers and Reports, 25: 73-85.
  11. Hawari, AD. and Al Dabbas F.. (2008). Prevalence and distribution of mastitis pathogens and their resistance against antimicrobial agents in dairy cows in Jordan. American J. Anim. Vet. Sci., 3: 36-39.
  12. International Dairy Federation (1987). Bovine mastitis.Definition and guidelines for diagnosis.Bulletin of International Dairy Federation No 211, Brussels, Belgium
  13. Jain, A.K. (2005). Detection of Staphylococcus spp. by double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) in bovine sub-clinical mastitis. M.V.Sc. Thesis. CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India.
  14. Javed, I. and Siddique M.. (1999). Some epidemiological aspects of mastitis in cows and the characterization of the isolates. Pakistan Vet. J., 19: 149-154.
  15. Kalra, D.S. and Dhanda M.R..(1964). Incidence of mastitis in cows and buffaloes in North West India. Vet. Record, 76: 219-222.
  16. Kaya, O., Kirkan S., Gulal M. and Unal B.. (2000). Identification and antibiotic susceptibility of microbes causing mastitis in dairy cows. Vet. Bull., 70: 290.
  17. Maiti, S.K., Sharma N. and Awasthi B.. (2003). Studies on incidence of sub-clinical mastitis in cattle and buffaloes of Chattisgarh. Vet. Practioner, 4: 90.
  18. Nagal, K.B. Mandeep S. and Katoch R.C. (1999). Incidence and etiology of bovine mastitis.Indian J. Anim. Sci., 69: 150-152.
  19. Nickerson, S.C. and Stephen C.. (2009). Control of heifer mastitis: Antimicrobial treatment-An overview. Vet. Microbiol., 134:128-135.
  20. Nickerson, S.C., Paape M.J. and Ziv. G. (1986). Mammary leukocyte response to drug therapy. J. Dairy Sci., 69: 1733.
  21. Petzer, I.M., Karzis J., Watermeyer J.C,. Van T.J der Schans and R. Van Reenen. (2009).Trends in udder health and emerging mastitogenic pathogens in South African dairy herds. J. South African Vet. Assoc., 80: 17-22.
  22. Quinn, P.J., Carter, M.E., Markey, B.K. and Carter, G.R. (1994). Clinical Veterinary Microbiology . Volume 31, Wolfe Publishers, Mosby, England.
  23. Radostits D. M. (2000) Veterinary Medicine (9th Edn.). WB Saunders. London.
  24. Rani,N.L., Manda S., Suresh K. and Makkenasreenu. (2008). An epidemiological study of mastitis in buffaloes. Indian Vet. J., 85: 1350-1351.
  25. Roder, R and Gedek W.. (1986). Milk cell counts associated with different mastitis pathogens. Berlin Munch Tierztl. Wochr., 99: 73-76.
  26. Roychoudhury, P. and Dutta T.K.. (2009). Prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacteria from bovine mastitis in Mizoram. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 79: 483-484.
  27. Saini, S.S., Sharma J.K. and Kwatia M.S. (1994). Prevalence and etiology of sub-clinical mastitis among crossbred cows and buffaloes in Punjab. Indian J. Dairy Sci., 47: 103-106.
  28. Salsberg, E., Meek A.H. and S.W. Marlin. (1984). Somatic cell counts, associated factors and relationship to production. Canadian J. Comp. Med., 40: 251-257.
  29. Saluja, P.S., Gupta, S.L. Kapur, M.P. and Sharma, A. (2004). Prevalence of bovine mastitis in an organized dairy herd. Indian Vet. J. 84: 1404-1405.
  30. Sampimon, O., Barkema H.W., Berends I., Sol J. and T. Lam. (2009). Prevalence of intramammary infection in Dutch dairy herds. J. Dairy Res. 76: 129-136.
  31. Saravanan, P., Nagarajan, B. and Ramprabhu, R. (2000). A study on etiology, incidence and physical characters of milk in sub-clinical mastitis. Indian J. Vet. Med. 20(2): 76.
  32. Sargeant, J.M., Scott H.M., Leslie K.E., Ireland M. and Bashiri A.. (1998). Clinical mastitis in dairy cattle in Ontario: Frequency of occurrence and bacterial isolates. J. Dairy Sci., 39: 33-38.
  33. Schalm, O.W., Carol E.J. and Jain N.C.. (1971). Bovine mastitis; Lea and Febiger,Philadelphia.
  34. Schultze, M. (1985). Factors that influence bovine mastitis. J. Dairy Res., 30: 320-325.
  35. Serieys, F. (1985). Cell counts in milk from individual cows, influence of mammary infection parity, stage of lactation and milk yield. Annal. De Res. Vet., 16: 255-61.
  36. Sharma, A. and Kapur M.P.. (2000). Prevalence of sub clinical mastitis in cows at an organized farm. Haryana Vet., 39:13-16.
  37. Sharma, D.K., Jallewar P.K. and Sharma K.K. (2010). Antibiogram of bacteria isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis. Indian Vet. J., 87:407.
  38. Sharma, N., Maiti S.K. and Sharma K.K.. (2007). Prevalence, Etiology and Antibiogram of Microorganisms associated with subclinical mastitis in buffaloes in Durg, Chhatisgarh State (India). Int. J. Dairy Sci., 2: 2.
  39. Sindhu, N., Sharma, A., Nehra,V. and Jain, V.K. (2009). Occurrence of sub clinical mastitis in cows and buffaloes at an organized farm. Haryana Vet. 48:85-87.
  40. Tenhagen, B.A., Hansen I., Reinecke A. and Heuwieser W.. (2009). Prevalence of pathogens in milk samples of dairy cows with clinical mastitis and in heifers at first parturition. J. Dairy Res., 76: 179-187.
  41. Thirunavukarasu, M. and Prabharan, R. (1998). Factors influencing mastitis in bovines. Indian J. Anim. Prod. Management, 14: 110-114.
  42. Tuteja, F.C. (1999). Studies on mastitis in buffaloes with reference to serum selenium status and control by treating teat canal infections. Ph.D. Dissertation submitted to CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana.
  43. Tuteja, F.C., Kapur, M.P., Sharma, A. and Vinayaka, A.K. (1993a). Studies on bovine sub clinical mastitis:prevalence and microflora. Indian Vet. J. 70: 9, 787-791.
  44. Unnerstad, H., Ericsson L.A., Waller K.P., Ekman T., Artursson K., Nilsson O.M. and B. Bengtsson. (2009). Microbial etiology of acute clinical mastitis and agent-specific risk factors. Vet. Microbiol. 137: 90-97.
  45. Wadhwa D, Wadhwa D R, Sharma K.S. (2003). Nutritional status and mastitis in dairy cows. Round Table Conference on Mastitis. IAAVR, 4:53-64.
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    volume 46 issue 4 (december 2012) : 348 - 353

    PREVALENCE OF SUB CLINICAL MASTITIS IN COWS: ITS ETIOLOGY AND ANTIBIOGRAM

    P
    Pankaj
    A
    Anshu Sharma*
    R
    Rajesh Chhabra
    N
    Neelesh Sindhu
    1College Central Laboratory, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lal Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar-125 004, India

    • Submitted|

    • First Online |

    • doi

    Cite article:- Pankaj, Sharma* Anshu, Chhabra Rajesh, Sindhu Neelesh (2025). PREVALENCE OF SUB CLINICAL MASTITIS IN COWS: ITS ETIOLOGY AND ANTIBIOGRAM. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 46(4): 348 - 353. doi: .

    ABSTRACT

    Study was planned to determine the prevalence of sub clinical mastitis in crossbred and indigenous cows and to characterize etiological agent/s involved along with their antimicrobial sensitivity testing. Milk samples from 364 quarters of 95 lactating cows at an organized farm were screened. The overall quarter wise and animal wise prevalence on the basis of cultural examination was 64.21 and 39.83%, respectively. According to International Dairy Federation criteria, 15.38 % quarters of cows  were suffering from sub clinical mastitis on account of having somatic cell count (SCC) more than 5,00,000 per ml of milk and culturally positive. The prevalence of latent mastitis (SCC 5 x 105/ml of milk and culturally negative) was observed as 24.45 and 4.67 %, respectively. A total of 150 organisms were recovered out of 145 culturally positive quarters. These were 38.66 % coagulase positive staphylococci and  29.33 % were coagulase negative staphylococci followed by Streptococcus dysgalactiae (22.66%), Streptococcus agalactiae (6.66 %) and Streptococcus uberis (2.66%), and (3.33%) quarters revealed mixed infections  of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. The antibiogram of isolates revealed 100 % sensitivity to Cloxacillin, Ceftriaxone and Cefoperazone and high (90.90-100 %) sensitivity towards Enrofloxacin, Cephalexin, Gentamicin and Lincomycin.

    REFERENCES

    1. Armenteros, M., Ponce P. , Capdevila J., Zaldivar V. and Hernandez R.. (2006). Prevalence of mastitis in first lactation dairy cows and sensitivity pattern of the bacteria isolated in a specialized dairy .Revi. de Salud Anim., 28: 8-12.
    2. Bauer, A.W., Kirby W.W.M. , Sherris J.C. and Turch. M. (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method. American J. Clin. Pathol., 45: 493-496.
    3. Bulla, T.R. (2002). Studies on diagnosis and treatment of sub-clinical mastitis in buffaloes. M.V.Sc thesis submitted to CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana.
    4. Chavan, V.V., Digraskar S.U., Dhonde S.N. and Hase P.B.. (2007). Observation on bubaline subclinical mastitis in and around Parbhani. Indian J. Field Vet., 3:50.
    5. Dego, O.K. and Tareke F.. (2003). Bovine mastitis in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 35: 197-205.
    6. Dua, K. (2001). Studies on incidence, etiology and estimated economic losses due to mastitis in Punjab and India -An update. Indian Dairyman, 53:41-48.
    7. Ferguson, J.D., Azzaro G., Gambina M. and Licitra G..(2008). Prevalence of mastitis pathogens in Ragusa, Sicily, from 2000 to 2006. J. Dairy Sci., 90: 5798-5813.
    8. Getahun, K., Kelay B., Bekana M. and Lobago F.. (2008). Bovine mastitis and antibiotic resistance patterns in Selalle smallholder dairy farms, central Ethiopia. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 40: 261-268.
    9. Hagnestan, N.C., Emanuelson U., Berglund B. and Strandberg E. (2009). Relationship between somatic cell count and milk yield in different stages of lactation. J. Dairy Sci., 92: 3124-3133.
    10. Hameed, K., Galal A., Sender G. and Korwin K.A.. (2007). Public health hazard due to mastitis in dairy cows. Anim. Sci. Papers and Reports, 25: 73-85.
    11. Hawari, AD. and Al Dabbas F.. (2008). Prevalence and distribution of mastitis pathogens and their resistance against antimicrobial agents in dairy cows in Jordan. American J. Anim. Vet. Sci., 3: 36-39.
    12. International Dairy Federation (1987). Bovine mastitis.Definition and guidelines for diagnosis.Bulletin of International Dairy Federation No 211, Brussels, Belgium
    13. Jain, A.K. (2005). Detection of Staphylococcus spp. by double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) in bovine sub-clinical mastitis. M.V.Sc. Thesis. CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India.
    14. Javed, I. and Siddique M.. (1999). Some epidemiological aspects of mastitis in cows and the characterization of the isolates. Pakistan Vet. J., 19: 149-154.
    15. Kalra, D.S. and Dhanda M.R..(1964). Incidence of mastitis in cows and buffaloes in North West India. Vet. Record, 76: 219-222.
    16. Kaya, O., Kirkan S., Gulal M. and Unal B.. (2000). Identification and antibiotic susceptibility of microbes causing mastitis in dairy cows. Vet. Bull., 70: 290.
    17. Maiti, S.K., Sharma N. and Awasthi B.. (2003). Studies on incidence of sub-clinical mastitis in cattle and buffaloes of Chattisgarh. Vet. Practioner, 4: 90.
    18. Nagal, K.B. Mandeep S. and Katoch R.C. (1999). Incidence and etiology of bovine mastitis.Indian J. Anim. Sci., 69: 150-152.
    19. Nickerson, S.C. and Stephen C.. (2009). Control of heifer mastitis: Antimicrobial treatment-An overview. Vet. Microbiol., 134:128-135.
    20. Nickerson, S.C., Paape M.J. and Ziv. G. (1986). Mammary leukocyte response to drug therapy. J. Dairy Sci., 69: 1733.
    21. Petzer, I.M., Karzis J., Watermeyer J.C,. Van T.J der Schans and R. Van Reenen. (2009).Trends in udder health and emerging mastitogenic pathogens in South African dairy herds. J. South African Vet. Assoc., 80: 17-22.
    22. Quinn, P.J., Carter, M.E., Markey, B.K. and Carter, G.R. (1994). Clinical Veterinary Microbiology . Volume 31, Wolfe Publishers, Mosby, England.
    23. Radostits D. M. (2000) Veterinary Medicine (9th Edn.). WB Saunders. London.
    24. Rani,N.L., Manda S., Suresh K. and Makkenasreenu. (2008). An epidemiological study of mastitis in buffaloes. Indian Vet. J., 85: 1350-1351.
    25. Roder, R and Gedek W.. (1986). Milk cell counts associated with different mastitis pathogens. Berlin Munch Tierztl. Wochr., 99: 73-76.
    26. Roychoudhury, P. and Dutta T.K.. (2009). Prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacteria from bovine mastitis in Mizoram. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 79: 483-484.
    27. Saini, S.S., Sharma J.K. and Kwatia M.S. (1994). Prevalence and etiology of sub-clinical mastitis among crossbred cows and buffaloes in Punjab. Indian J. Dairy Sci., 47: 103-106.
    28. Salsberg, E., Meek A.H. and S.W. Marlin. (1984). Somatic cell counts, associated factors and relationship to production. Canadian J. Comp. Med., 40: 251-257.
    29. Saluja, P.S., Gupta, S.L. Kapur, M.P. and Sharma, A. (2004). Prevalence of bovine mastitis in an organized dairy herd. Indian Vet. J. 84: 1404-1405.
    30. Sampimon, O., Barkema H.W., Berends I., Sol J. and T. Lam. (2009). Prevalence of intramammary infection in Dutch dairy herds. J. Dairy Res. 76: 129-136.
    31. Saravanan, P., Nagarajan, B. and Ramprabhu, R. (2000). A study on etiology, incidence and physical characters of milk in sub-clinical mastitis. Indian J. Vet. Med. 20(2): 76.
    32. Sargeant, J.M., Scott H.M., Leslie K.E., Ireland M. and Bashiri A.. (1998). Clinical mastitis in dairy cattle in Ontario: Frequency of occurrence and bacterial isolates. J. Dairy Sci., 39: 33-38.
    33. Schalm, O.W., Carol E.J. and Jain N.C.. (1971). Bovine mastitis; Lea and Febiger,Philadelphia.
    34. Schultze, M. (1985). Factors that influence bovine mastitis. J. Dairy Res., 30: 320-325.
    35. Serieys, F. (1985). Cell counts in milk from individual cows, influence of mammary infection parity, stage of lactation and milk yield. Annal. De Res. Vet., 16: 255-61.
    36. Sharma, A. and Kapur M.P.. (2000). Prevalence of sub clinical mastitis in cows at an organized farm. Haryana Vet., 39:13-16.
    37. Sharma, D.K., Jallewar P.K. and Sharma K.K. (2010). Antibiogram of bacteria isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis. Indian Vet. J., 87:407.
    38. Sharma, N., Maiti S.K. and Sharma K.K.. (2007). Prevalence, Etiology and Antibiogram of Microorganisms associated with subclinical mastitis in buffaloes in Durg, Chhatisgarh State (India). Int. J. Dairy Sci., 2: 2.
    39. Sindhu, N., Sharma, A., Nehra,V. and Jain, V.K. (2009). Occurrence of sub clinical mastitis in cows and buffaloes at an organized farm. Haryana Vet. 48:85-87.
    40. Tenhagen, B.A., Hansen I., Reinecke A. and Heuwieser W.. (2009). Prevalence of pathogens in milk samples of dairy cows with clinical mastitis and in heifers at first parturition. J. Dairy Res., 76: 179-187.
    41. Thirunavukarasu, M. and Prabharan, R. (1998). Factors influencing mastitis in bovines. Indian J. Anim. Prod. Management, 14: 110-114.
    42. Tuteja, F.C. (1999). Studies on mastitis in buffaloes with reference to serum selenium status and control by treating teat canal infections. Ph.D. Dissertation submitted to CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana.
    43. Tuteja, F.C., Kapur, M.P., Sharma, A. and Vinayaka, A.K. (1993a). Studies on bovine sub clinical mastitis:prevalence and microflora. Indian Vet. J. 70: 9, 787-791.
    44. Unnerstad, H., Ericsson L.A., Waller K.P., Ekman T., Artursson K., Nilsson O.M. and B. Bengtsson. (2009). Microbial etiology of acute clinical mastitis and agent-specific risk factors. Vet. Microbiol. 137: 90-97.
    45. Wadhwa D, Wadhwa D R, Sharma K.S. (2003). Nutritional status and mastitis in dairy cows. Round Table Conference on Mastitis. IAAVR, 4:53-64.
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