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volume 42 issue 3 (september 2008) : 171-179

SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF BIOACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN A FRESHWATER FISH (ERPETOICHTHYS CALABARICUS) FROM OGBA RIVER, BENIN CITY, NIGERIA

E
E.E. Obasohan1
O
O.I. Eguavoen*
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Obasohan1 E.E., Eguavoen* O.I. (2025). SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF BIOACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN A FRESHWATER FISH (ERPETOICHTHYS CALABARICUS) FROM OGBA RIVER, BENIN CITY, NIGERIA. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 42(3): 171-179. doi: .

ABSTRACT

This investigation assessed and monitored accumulation levels of Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, Ni and Pb in
a freshwater fish (Erpetoichthys calabaricus) from Ogba River during the dry and rainy seasons of
a hydrologic year (November, 2005 – October, 2006). The same metals were also examined in the
water of the river over the period. The results showed that the accumulation levels in fish exceeded
the levels of the metals in water and indicated bioaccumulation in fish. The dry and rainy season
levels in fish as well as in water at each of the sampling stations varied, but the differences were not
significant. However, among the stations, the differences in the seasonal levels for most of the
metals were significant. A correlation between seasonal levels in water and fish as well as the lack
of uniformity in the distribution of the metals in the river were established. The finding also revealed
that both dry and rainy season mean levels of Cu, Mn and Ni in fish exceeded WHO recommended
limits in food, suggested that the fishes of the river were not suitable for human consumption.
Consequently, close monitoring of metal pollution of Ogba River is strongly advocated, in view of
possible risks to health of consumers of the fishes of the river.

KEYWORDS

    REFERENCES

    1. Ademorotic, C. M. A. (1996): Standard Methods for Water and Effluent Analysis. Foludex Press Ltd, Ibadan. 182pp.
    2. APHA (American Public Health Association) (1989): Standard Methods for Examination of Waste Water. (Clesan, L. S.; et al.) 17th Edition. 314pp.
    3. Enk, M .D and Mathis, B. J. (1977): Hydrobiologia, 52: 153-158.
    4. Etienne, B; et al. (1997): Physical, Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Reservoirs in Burkina Faso. Tech. Center for Agric. And Rural Co-operation, ACP-EU, 28-42.
    5. FEPA (Federal Environmental Protection Agency) (2003): Guidelines and Standards, for Environmental Pollution Control in Nigeria. 238pp.
    6. Forstner, U. and Wittmann, G. T. W. (1981): Metal Pollution in the Aquatic Environment. Spring-Verlag. Berlin, Heideberg New York. 486pp.
    7. Fufeyin, T. P. (1998): Environ. Revi. 2: 61-69.
    8. Grobler, E. (1988): M.Sc. Thesis, Rand Afr. University, South Africa.
    9. Heath, A. G. (1991): Pollution and Fish Physiology. Lewis Publishers. Boca Raton, Florida, USA. 359pp.
    10. Idodo-Umeh, G. (2000): Freshwater Fishes of Nigeria (Taxonomy, Ecological Notes, Diet and Utilization). Idodo- Umeh Publishers, Benin City, Nigeria.
    11. Idodo-Umeh, G. (2002): Ph.D. Thesis. University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. 485pp.
    12. Laxen, D. P. H. and Harrison, R. M. (1981): Sci. Tot. Environ. 19: 59-82.
    13. Nussey, G; et al. (2000): Water SA. 26 (2): 269-284.
    14. Obasohan, E. E. (2003) Natural and Applied Sci. Res. 1(1): 200-219.
    15. Obasohan, E. E. Oronsaye, J.A.O. (2004): Nigerian Ann. Natural Sci. 5(2): 11-27.
    16. Obasohan, E. E. et al. (2006): African J. Biotechnol., 5(10):974-982.
    17. Obeng, L. (1981): In: Pp 265-288 in Perspective in Running Water Biology. (Lock, M. A. and Williams, D. D. (ed.)): Plenum Press, New York. 430p. Vol. 42, No. 3, 2008 179
    18. Oguzie, F. A. (2003): Pak. J. Sci. and Indust. Res., 46(3): 156-160.
    19. Oladimeji, A. A. (1983): In: Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Conference of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON), Maiduguri, 1983; 200-205.
    20. Patil, M. R. (1976): FAO/IPEC/76 Symposium on the Development and Utilization of Inland Fisheries Resources, 27- 29th October, 1976. Colombo. 38pp.
    21. Reed, W. J. et al. (1967): Fish and Fisheries of Northern Nigeria, Ministry of Agriculture, Zaria, Northern Nigeria. 226pp.
    22. Smith, D. G. and Williamson, R. B. (1985): Heavy metals in the New Zealand Aquatic Environment. A Review, No. 100. 108pp.
    23. W. H. O. (World Health Organization) (1985): Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. Vol.1, Recommendations. WHO, Geneva. 130pp.
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    Indian Journal of Animal Research
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      volume 42 issue 3 (september 2008) : 171-179

      SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF BIOACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN A FRESHWATER FISH (ERPETOICHTHYS CALABARICUS) FROM OGBA RIVER, BENIN CITY, NIGERIA

      E
      E.E. Obasohan1
      O
      O.I. Eguavoen*
      1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria

      • Submitted|

      • First Online |

      • doi

      Cite article:- Obasohan1 E.E., Eguavoen* O.I. (2025). SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF BIOACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN A FRESHWATER FISH (ERPETOICHTHYS CALABARICUS) FROM OGBA RIVER, BENIN CITY, NIGERIA. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 42(3): 171-179. doi: .

      ABSTRACT

      This investigation assessed and monitored accumulation levels of Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, Ni and Pb in
      a freshwater fish (Erpetoichthys calabaricus) from Ogba River during the dry and rainy seasons of
      a hydrologic year (November, 2005 – October, 2006). The same metals were also examined in the
      water of the river over the period. The results showed that the accumulation levels in fish exceeded
      the levels of the metals in water and indicated bioaccumulation in fish. The dry and rainy season
      levels in fish as well as in water at each of the sampling stations varied, but the differences were not
      significant. However, among the stations, the differences in the seasonal levels for most of the
      metals were significant. A correlation between seasonal levels in water and fish as well as the lack
      of uniformity in the distribution of the metals in the river were established. The finding also revealed
      that both dry and rainy season mean levels of Cu, Mn and Ni in fish exceeded WHO recommended
      limits in food, suggested that the fishes of the river were not suitable for human consumption.
      Consequently, close monitoring of metal pollution of Ogba River is strongly advocated, in view of
      possible risks to health of consumers of the fishes of the river.

      KEYWORDS

        REFERENCES

        1. Ademorotic, C. M. A. (1996): Standard Methods for Water and Effluent Analysis. Foludex Press Ltd, Ibadan. 182pp.
        2. APHA (American Public Health Association) (1989): Standard Methods for Examination of Waste Water. (Clesan, L. S.; et al.) 17th Edition. 314pp.
        3. Enk, M .D and Mathis, B. J. (1977): Hydrobiologia, 52: 153-158.
        4. Etienne, B; et al. (1997): Physical, Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Reservoirs in Burkina Faso. Tech. Center for Agric. And Rural Co-operation, ACP-EU, 28-42.
        5. FEPA (Federal Environmental Protection Agency) (2003): Guidelines and Standards, for Environmental Pollution Control in Nigeria. 238pp.
        6. Forstner, U. and Wittmann, G. T. W. (1981): Metal Pollution in the Aquatic Environment. Spring-Verlag. Berlin, Heideberg New York. 486pp.
        7. Fufeyin, T. P. (1998): Environ. Revi. 2: 61-69.
        8. Grobler, E. (1988): M.Sc. Thesis, Rand Afr. University, South Africa.
        9. Heath, A. G. (1991): Pollution and Fish Physiology. Lewis Publishers. Boca Raton, Florida, USA. 359pp.
        10. Idodo-Umeh, G. (2000): Freshwater Fishes of Nigeria (Taxonomy, Ecological Notes, Diet and Utilization). Idodo- Umeh Publishers, Benin City, Nigeria.
        11. Idodo-Umeh, G. (2002): Ph.D. Thesis. University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. 485pp.
        12. Laxen, D. P. H. and Harrison, R. M. (1981): Sci. Tot. Environ. 19: 59-82.
        13. Nussey, G; et al. (2000): Water SA. 26 (2): 269-284.
        14. Obasohan, E. E. (2003) Natural and Applied Sci. Res. 1(1): 200-219.
        15. Obasohan, E. E. Oronsaye, J.A.O. (2004): Nigerian Ann. Natural Sci. 5(2): 11-27.
        16. Obasohan, E. E. et al. (2006): African J. Biotechnol., 5(10):974-982.
        17. Obeng, L. (1981): In: Pp 265-288 in Perspective in Running Water Biology. (Lock, M. A. and Williams, D. D. (ed.)): Plenum Press, New York. 430p. Vol. 42, No. 3, 2008 179
        18. Oguzie, F. A. (2003): Pak. J. Sci. and Indust. Res., 46(3): 156-160.
        19. Oladimeji, A. A. (1983): In: Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Conference of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON), Maiduguri, 1983; 200-205.
        20. Patil, M. R. (1976): FAO/IPEC/76 Symposium on the Development and Utilization of Inland Fisheries Resources, 27- 29th October, 1976. Colombo. 38pp.
        21. Reed, W. J. et al. (1967): Fish and Fisheries of Northern Nigeria, Ministry of Agriculture, Zaria, Northern Nigeria. 226pp.
        22. Smith, D. G. and Williamson, R. B. (1985): Heavy metals in the New Zealand Aquatic Environment. A Review, No. 100. 108pp.
        23. W. H. O. (World Health Organization) (1985): Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. Vol.1, Recommendations. WHO, Geneva. 130pp.
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