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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 42 issue 1 (march 2008) : 1-9

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF MUNICIPAL WASTE WATERS ON THE DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF THE CICHLID FISHES OF OGBA RIVER IN BENIN CITY, NIGERIA.

E
E.E. Obasohan
J
J.A.O. Oronsaye*
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ambrose Ali-University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Obasohan E.E., Oronsaye* J.A.O. (2025). AN INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF MUNICIPAL WASTE WATERS ON THE DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF THE CICHLID FISHES OF OGBA RIVER IN BENIN CITY, NIGERIA.. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 42(1): 1-9. doi: .

ABSTRACT

The effects of municipal wastewaters on the fish species diversity and abundance of Cichlid
fishes have been investigated in Ogba River in Benin City, Nigeria. The physico-chemical parameters
of the water of the river were also monitored during the investigation. The results showed that the
water chemistry, species diversity and abundance of the fishes of the river, which were all different
at the sample stations, were negatively impacted upon by municipal wastewaters from the city. The
Condition factor computed for each of the Cichlid fish species showed that the fishes were not in
good condition. The results also showed that the effects were temporary, as the river recovered
through self-purification, in the downstream area, further away from the wastewaters discharge
point. It was recommended that the indiscriminate channeling of municipal wastewaters into river
systems be checked, in view of the fact that such negative impacts could surpass the self-purification
ability of the rivers and cause serious declines in fish and fisheries generally.

KEYWORDS

    REFERENCES

    1. Alabaster, J. S. and Lloyd, R. (1982) : Water Quality Criteria for Freshwater Fish. 2nd Edition, Butterworth, London. 361pp
    2. APHA, (1989): American Public Health Association: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water. 15th ed. (Lenores Clescori, Arnold E.Greenberg and R. Rhodia ). 314 pp
    3. Boulenger, G. A. (1909-1916): Catalogue of the Freshwater Fishes of Africa in the British Museum, Natural History; Vol. 5, 1-1V, British Museum of Natural History, London.
    4. Canada Drinking Water Standards and Objectives (1968): Department of National and Welfare, Ottawa, Canada. 300pp
    5. CIFA (1994): Review of Pollution in the African Aquatic Environment (Edited by David Calamari and Heiner Naeve), CIFA Technical Paper 25, FAO, Rome.118pp
    6. Daget, J. and Iltis, A. (1965): Poisons de Cote de Voire (Eaux douces et Ssaumatres)Mem. Las Afri. Noire, No 74.
    7. Egborge, A. B. M. (1994): Water Pollution in Nigeria. Biodiversity and Chemistry of Warri River. Ben Miller Books
    8. Nigeria Ltd. 331pp
    9. Etienne, B. et al (1997): Physical, Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Reservoirs in Burkina Faso.Tech. Centre for Agric. and Rural Cooperation, ACPEU. 28 - 42
    10. Eyo, V. (1999): MSc Thesis, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. 20pp
    11. Ezemonye, L. I and Kadiri, M.O. (1998): Final Report of Studies on Ikpoba and Ogba Rivers in Benin City. University of Benin, Benin City. 82pp
    12. FEPA (Federal Environmental Protection Agency) (2003): Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Protection Control in Nigeria. 23pp
    13. Gietema, B. (1992): Fish Farming in Ponds and Integrated Farming, Gbemi Sodipo Press Ltd., Abeokuta, Nigeria.143pp
    14. Holden, N. and Reed, W. (1972): West Africa Freshwater Fishes, Longman Group, London. 68pp
    15. Hortwizt, R.S. (1978): Ecol. Managt. 48: 107-206
    16. Hynes, H.B.N. (1950): Anim., Ecol. 19: 36-58
    17. Idodo-Umeh G. (2002): Ph D. Thesis, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. 485pp
    18. Kolade, R.O. (1998): M.SC. Thesis, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. 79pp
    19. Lowe-McConnel, R.H. (1965): In: The first Scientific Report of the Kainji Biological Research Team, University of Liverpool, England. 80pp, pp. 43-64
    20. Nikolsky, G.V. (1963): The Ecology of Fish. Academic Press, London. 35pp
    21. Obeng, L. (1981): Man’s Impact on Tropical Rivers. Lock, M. A. and Williams, D. D. (Ed.), Plenum Press, New York. 430pp
    22. Oguzie, F.A. (2003): Pakistan Sci. and Indust. Res. 46 (3): 156-160
    23. Ogbeibu, A.E. and Ezeunara, P.U. (2002): Aquatic Sci 17 (1): 35-44
    24. Ohaji, S.M.D. (1983): M.Sc. Thesis, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. 136pp
    25. Patil, M.R. (1976): In FAO/IPEC/76, Symposium on the Development and Utilization of Inland Fisheries Resources, October, 1976, Colombo. 38pp
    26. Pearson, T.H. and Rosengerg. R. (1978): Oceanogr. Mar. Biol Ann. Rev. 16: 229-311
    27. Reed, W. et al (1967): Fish and Fisheries of Northern Nigeria. Min. of Agric. Northern Nigeria, Zaria. 226pp Ricker, W.E., (1968): Methods of Assessment of Fish Production in Freshwater. IB Handbook 3, Blackwell, Oxford. 58pp Vol. 42, No. 1, 2008 9
    28. Sanders, H. 1. (1968): The Amer. Nat. 102 (925). 243 -282
    29. Sikoki, F. D. and Kolo, R. J. (1992): In: Conference on Conservation of Aquatic Resources, Calabar, Nigeria. May 11-14, 1992. 24pp
    30. Sydenham, D.H.J (1977): Rev. Zool. Afr. 91: 971- 996
    31. Teugels, G.G. et al (1992): Fishes of Cross River Basin (Cameroon - Nigeria): Taxonomy, Zoography, Ecology and
    32. Conservation. Laboratorie d’ ichyologie, Musee. Royal de l’ Afrique Centrale, B-3080 Tervuren. Belgium. 132pp
    33. Udo E. J. and Ogunwale, J. A. (1986): Laboratory Manual for the Analysis of Soil, Plant and Water Samples. 2nd Edition, Foludex Press, Ibadan. 174pp
    34. Ugbomeh, A.P. (1987): M.Phil. Thesis, University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. 267pp
    35. Wangboje, O.M. and Oronsaye, J.A.O. (2001): Afr. Appl. Zool. and Envir. Biol.3: 45-49
    36. White, E. (1965): The First Scientific Report of the Kainji Biological Research Team. White (ed), University of Liverpool, England. 8pp
    37. W.H.O. (World Health Organization) (1984): Guidelines for Drink Water Quality. Vol. I Recommendations, WHO, Geneva. 193 - 199
    38. Zar, J. H. (1984): Bio-statistical Analysis. 2nd Edition.. Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 718pp
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    Indian Journal of Animal Research
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      volume 42 issue 1 (march 2008) : 1-9

      AN INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF MUNICIPAL WASTE WATERS ON THE DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF THE CICHLID FISHES OF OGBA RIVER IN BENIN CITY, NIGERIA.

      E
      E.E. Obasohan
      J
      J.A.O. Oronsaye*
      1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ambrose Ali-University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.

      • Submitted|

      • First Online |

      • doi

      Cite article:- Obasohan E.E., Oronsaye* J.A.O. (2025). AN INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF MUNICIPAL WASTE WATERS ON THE DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF THE CICHLID FISHES OF OGBA RIVER IN BENIN CITY, NIGERIA.. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 42(1): 1-9. doi: .

      ABSTRACT

      The effects of municipal wastewaters on the fish species diversity and abundance of Cichlid
      fishes have been investigated in Ogba River in Benin City, Nigeria. The physico-chemical parameters
      of the water of the river were also monitored during the investigation. The results showed that the
      water chemistry, species diversity and abundance of the fishes of the river, which were all different
      at the sample stations, were negatively impacted upon by municipal wastewaters from the city. The
      Condition factor computed for each of the Cichlid fish species showed that the fishes were not in
      good condition. The results also showed that the effects were temporary, as the river recovered
      through self-purification, in the downstream area, further away from the wastewaters discharge
      point. It was recommended that the indiscriminate channeling of municipal wastewaters into river
      systems be checked, in view of the fact that such negative impacts could surpass the self-purification
      ability of the rivers and cause serious declines in fish and fisheries generally.

      KEYWORDS

        REFERENCES

        1. Alabaster, J. S. and Lloyd, R. (1982) : Water Quality Criteria for Freshwater Fish. 2nd Edition, Butterworth, London. 361pp
        2. APHA, (1989): American Public Health Association: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water. 15th ed. (Lenores Clescori, Arnold E.Greenberg and R. Rhodia ). 314 pp
        3. Boulenger, G. A. (1909-1916): Catalogue of the Freshwater Fishes of Africa in the British Museum, Natural History; Vol. 5, 1-1V, British Museum of Natural History, London.
        4. Canada Drinking Water Standards and Objectives (1968): Department of National and Welfare, Ottawa, Canada. 300pp
        5. CIFA (1994): Review of Pollution in the African Aquatic Environment (Edited by David Calamari and Heiner Naeve), CIFA Technical Paper 25, FAO, Rome.118pp
        6. Daget, J. and Iltis, A. (1965): Poisons de Cote de Voire (Eaux douces et Ssaumatres)Mem. Las Afri. Noire, No 74.
        7. Egborge, A. B. M. (1994): Water Pollution in Nigeria. Biodiversity and Chemistry of Warri River. Ben Miller Books
        8. Nigeria Ltd. 331pp
        9. Etienne, B. et al (1997): Physical, Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Reservoirs in Burkina Faso.Tech. Centre for Agric. and Rural Cooperation, ACPEU. 28 - 42
        10. Eyo, V. (1999): MSc Thesis, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. 20pp
        11. Ezemonye, L. I and Kadiri, M.O. (1998): Final Report of Studies on Ikpoba and Ogba Rivers in Benin City. University of Benin, Benin City. 82pp
        12. FEPA (Federal Environmental Protection Agency) (2003): Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Protection Control in Nigeria. 23pp
        13. Gietema, B. (1992): Fish Farming in Ponds and Integrated Farming, Gbemi Sodipo Press Ltd., Abeokuta, Nigeria.143pp
        14. Holden, N. and Reed, W. (1972): West Africa Freshwater Fishes, Longman Group, London. 68pp
        15. Hortwizt, R.S. (1978): Ecol. Managt. 48: 107-206
        16. Hynes, H.B.N. (1950): Anim., Ecol. 19: 36-58
        17. Idodo-Umeh G. (2002): Ph D. Thesis, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. 485pp
        18. Kolade, R.O. (1998): M.SC. Thesis, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. 79pp
        19. Lowe-McConnel, R.H. (1965): In: The first Scientific Report of the Kainji Biological Research Team, University of Liverpool, England. 80pp, pp. 43-64
        20. Nikolsky, G.V. (1963): The Ecology of Fish. Academic Press, London. 35pp
        21. Obeng, L. (1981): Man’s Impact on Tropical Rivers. Lock, M. A. and Williams, D. D. (Ed.), Plenum Press, New York. 430pp
        22. Oguzie, F.A. (2003): Pakistan Sci. and Indust. Res. 46 (3): 156-160
        23. Ogbeibu, A.E. and Ezeunara, P.U. (2002): Aquatic Sci 17 (1): 35-44
        24. Ohaji, S.M.D. (1983): M.Sc. Thesis, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. 136pp
        25. Patil, M.R. (1976): In FAO/IPEC/76, Symposium on the Development and Utilization of Inland Fisheries Resources, October, 1976, Colombo. 38pp
        26. Pearson, T.H. and Rosengerg. R. (1978): Oceanogr. Mar. Biol Ann. Rev. 16: 229-311
        27. Reed, W. et al (1967): Fish and Fisheries of Northern Nigeria. Min. of Agric. Northern Nigeria, Zaria. 226pp Ricker, W.E., (1968): Methods of Assessment of Fish Production in Freshwater. IB Handbook 3, Blackwell, Oxford. 58pp Vol. 42, No. 1, 2008 9
        28. Sanders, H. 1. (1968): The Amer. Nat. 102 (925). 243 -282
        29. Sikoki, F. D. and Kolo, R. J. (1992): In: Conference on Conservation of Aquatic Resources, Calabar, Nigeria. May 11-14, 1992. 24pp
        30. Sydenham, D.H.J (1977): Rev. Zool. Afr. 91: 971- 996
        31. Teugels, G.G. et al (1992): Fishes of Cross River Basin (Cameroon - Nigeria): Taxonomy, Zoography, Ecology and
        32. Conservation. Laboratorie d’ ichyologie, Musee. Royal de l’ Afrique Centrale, B-3080 Tervuren. Belgium. 132pp
        33. Udo E. J. and Ogunwale, J. A. (1986): Laboratory Manual for the Analysis of Soil, Plant and Water Samples. 2nd Edition, Foludex Press, Ibadan. 174pp
        34. Ugbomeh, A.P. (1987): M.Phil. Thesis, University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. 267pp
        35. Wangboje, O.M. and Oronsaye, J.A.O. (2001): Afr. Appl. Zool. and Envir. Biol.3: 45-49
        36. White, E. (1965): The First Scientific Report of the Kainji Biological Research Team. White (ed), University of Liverpool, England. 8pp
        37. W.H.O. (World Health Organization) (1984): Guidelines for Drink Water Quality. Vol. I Recommendations, WHO, Geneva. 193 - 199
        38. Zar, J. H. (1984): Bio-statistical Analysis. 2nd Edition.. Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 718pp
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