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volume 47 issue 5 (october 2013) : 456-459

DETECTION OF TRYPANOSOMA EVANSI IN WHOLE BLOOD OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS BY DNA AMPLIFICATION METHOD

K
K.P. Shyam
S
S.K. Gupta
A
Ajit Singh
S
S.S. Chaudhary
J
Jay Prakash Gupta
1Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Microbiology College of Veterinary Sciences, LLR University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar- 125 004, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Shyam K.P., Gupta S.K., Singh Ajit, Chaudhary S.S., Gupta Prakash Jay (2025). DETECTION OF TRYPANOSOMA EVANSI IN WHOLE BLOOD OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS BY DNA AMPLIFICATION METHOD. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 47(5): 456-459. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Trypanosoma evansi, a blood protozoan parasite causing ‘surra’ in domestic animals is widely prevalent in different parts and is of significant economic importance in livestock production. Parasitaemia is often intermittent and is not always possible to demonstrate the parasites in blood and hence diagnosis of trypanosomosis is often difficult. The present investigation has been carried out with the aim of detecting T. evansi in cattle, buffaloes and equines in the state of Haryana by parasitological (WBF), and DNA-detecting (TE-PCR) tests. Out of 205 field blood samples tested, only 2% were positive for T. evansi by WBF while PCR using synthetic oligonulceotide primers (21 mer sense and 22 mer antisense) targeted to a repetitive nuclear DNA sequence of T. evansi detected 60.49% samples positive. Study revealed TE-PCR to be highly sensitive to the conventional parasitological method and could be used for early of diagnosis of trypanosomosis in domestic animals.

REFERENCES

  1. Baghel, A.K., Manohar, G.S., Kumar, D. and Bhan, A.K. (1996). Comparative evaluation of various parasitological and immunodiagnostic techniques in buffalo calves experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. J. Vet. Parasitol. 10: 39-45.
  2. Davison, H.C., Thrusfield, M.V., Husein, A., Muharsini, S., Partoutomo, S., Rae, P. and Luckins, A.G. (2000). The occurrence of Trypanosoma evansi in buffaloes in Indonesia, estimated using various diagnostic tests. Epidemiol. Infect. 124: 163-172.
  3. Juyal, P. D., Kaur, P. and Singh, N.K. (2007). Control strategies against trypanosomosis (Surra) due to Trypanosoma evansi in India. In: Proceedings of the National Seminar on “Recent diagnostic trends and control strategies for haemo-protozoan infections in livestock”, Feb, 9-11, 2007, held at S.D. Agricultural University, Sardar Krushinagar, Gujarat. pp: 4-7.
  4. Killick-Kendrick, R. (1968). The diagnosis of trypanosomiasis of livestock. A review of current techniques. Vet. Bull. 38: 191-197.
  5. Luckins, A.G. (1998). Trypanosoma evansi in Asia. Parasitol. Today. 4: 137-142.
  6. Masake, R. A. and Nantulya, V. M. (1991). Sensitivity of antigen detection enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (antigen ELISA) for diagnosis of Trypanosoma congolense. J. Parasitol. 77: 231-236.
  7. Mugittu, K.N., Silayo, R.S., Majiwa, P.A.O., Kimbita, E.K., Mutayoba, B.M. and Maselle, R. (2001). Application of PCR and DNA probes in the characterization of trypanosomes in the blood of cattle in farms in Morogoro, Tanzania. Vet. Parasitol. 94: 177-189.
  8. Ngaira, J.M., Bett, B., Karanja, S.M. and Njagi, E.N.M. (2003). Evaluation of antigen and antibody rapid detection tests for Trypanosoma evansi infection in camels in Kenya. Vet. Parasitol. 114: 131-141.
  9. Olaho-Mukani, W., Munyua, W.K., Mutugi, M.W. and Njogu, A. R. (1993). Comparison of antibody-and antigen- detection enzyme immunoassays for the diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi infection in camels. Vet. Parasitol. 45: 231-240.
  10. Omanwar, S., Rao, J.R., Basagoudanavar, S.H., Singh, R.K. and Butchaiah, G. (1999a). Direct and sensitive detection of Trypanosoma evansi by polymerase chain reaction. Acta Vet. Hung. 47: 351-359.
  11. Omanwar, S., Rao, J.R., Basagoudanavar, S.H., Singh, R.K. and Butchaiah, G. (1999b). A simple and highly sensitive method to detect Trypanosoma evansi by DNA amplification from crude blood samples collected on filter papers. J. Vet. Parasitol. 13: 27-29.
  12. Pathak, K.M.L. and Khanna, N.D. (1995). Trypanosomosis in camel (Camelus dromedarius) with particular reference to Indian subcontinent: a review. Int. J. Anim. Sci. 10: 157-162.
  13. Pathak, K.M.L., Arora, J.K. and Kapoor, M. (1993). Camel trypanosomosis in Rajasthan, India, Vet. Parasitol. 49: 319-323.
  14. Rayulu, V. C., Singh, A. and Chaudhri, S. S. (2007). Monoclonal antibody based immunoassays for detection of circulating antigens of Trypanosoma evansi in buffaloes. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 6: 907-910.
  15. Sambrook, J. and Russell, D.W. 2001. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 3rd Ed. Vol. 1 Cold Spring Harbour Lab Press. New York, USA.
  16. Singh, V., Chaudhri, S.S., Kumar, S. and Chhabra, M.B. (1995a). Polyclonal antibody-based antigen-detection immunoassay for diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi in buffaloes and horses. Vet. Parasitol. 56: 261-267.
  17. Singh, N., Pathak, K.M.L. and Kumar, R. (2004). A comparative evaluation of parasitological, serological and DNA amplification methods for diagnosis of natural Trypanosoma evansi infection in camels. Vet. Parasitol. (126): 365-373.
  18. Swarnkar, C.P., Raisinghani, P. M., Kumar, D. and Bhan, A.K. (1993). Detection of circulating antigen of Trypanosoma evansi in surra suspected cattle and buffaloes. Indian J. Anim. Hlth. 32(2): 177-178.
  19. Trial, J.C.M., D’leteren, G.D.M., Maille, J.C., Yangari, G. and Nantulya, V. M. (1991). Use of antigen-detection enzyme immunoassay in assessment of trypanotolerance in N’ Dama cattle. Acta Tropica 50: 11-18.
  20. Wernery, U. and Kaaden, O.R. (1995). Infectious Diseases of Camelids. Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin.
  21. Wuyts, N., Chodesajjawatee, N. and Panyim, S. (1994). A simplified and highly sensitive detection of Trypanosoma evansi by DNA amplification. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Hlth. 25: 266-271.
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    volume 47 issue 5 (october 2013) : 456-459

    DETECTION OF TRYPANOSOMA EVANSI IN WHOLE BLOOD OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS BY DNA AMPLIFICATION METHOD

    K
    K.P. Shyam
    S
    S.K. Gupta
    A
    Ajit Singh
    S
    S.S. Chaudhary
    J
    Jay Prakash Gupta
    1Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Microbiology College of Veterinary Sciences, LLR University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar- 125 004, India

    • Submitted|

    • First Online |

    • doi

    Cite article:- Shyam K.P., Gupta S.K., Singh Ajit, Chaudhary S.S., Gupta Prakash Jay (2025). DETECTION OF TRYPANOSOMA EVANSI IN WHOLE BLOOD OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS BY DNA AMPLIFICATION METHOD. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 47(5): 456-459. doi: .

    ABSTRACT

    Trypanosoma evansi, a blood protozoan parasite causing ‘surra’ in domestic animals is widely prevalent in different parts and is of significant economic importance in livestock production. Parasitaemia is often intermittent and is not always possible to demonstrate the parasites in blood and hence diagnosis of trypanosomosis is often difficult. The present investigation has been carried out with the aim of detecting T. evansi in cattle, buffaloes and equines in the state of Haryana by parasitological (WBF), and DNA-detecting (TE-PCR) tests. Out of 205 field blood samples tested, only 2% were positive for T. evansi by WBF while PCR using synthetic oligonulceotide primers (21 mer sense and 22 mer antisense) targeted to a repetitive nuclear DNA sequence of T. evansi detected 60.49% samples positive. Study revealed TE-PCR to be highly sensitive to the conventional parasitological method and could be used for early of diagnosis of trypanosomosis in domestic animals.

    REFERENCES

    1. Baghel, A.K., Manohar, G.S., Kumar, D. and Bhan, A.K. (1996). Comparative evaluation of various parasitological and immunodiagnostic techniques in buffalo calves experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. J. Vet. Parasitol. 10: 39-45.
    2. Davison, H.C., Thrusfield, M.V., Husein, A., Muharsini, S., Partoutomo, S., Rae, P. and Luckins, A.G. (2000). The occurrence of Trypanosoma evansi in buffaloes in Indonesia, estimated using various diagnostic tests. Epidemiol. Infect. 124: 163-172.
    3. Juyal, P. D., Kaur, P. and Singh, N.K. (2007). Control strategies against trypanosomosis (Surra) due to Trypanosoma evansi in India. In: Proceedings of the National Seminar on “Recent diagnostic trends and control strategies for haemo-protozoan infections in livestock”, Feb, 9-11, 2007, held at S.D. Agricultural University, Sardar Krushinagar, Gujarat. pp: 4-7.
    4. Killick-Kendrick, R. (1968). The diagnosis of trypanosomiasis of livestock. A review of current techniques. Vet. Bull. 38: 191-197.
    5. Luckins, A.G. (1998). Trypanosoma evansi in Asia. Parasitol. Today. 4: 137-142.
    6. Masake, R. A. and Nantulya, V. M. (1991). Sensitivity of antigen detection enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (antigen ELISA) for diagnosis of Trypanosoma congolense. J. Parasitol. 77: 231-236.
    7. Mugittu, K.N., Silayo, R.S., Majiwa, P.A.O., Kimbita, E.K., Mutayoba, B.M. and Maselle, R. (2001). Application of PCR and DNA probes in the characterization of trypanosomes in the blood of cattle in farms in Morogoro, Tanzania. Vet. Parasitol. 94: 177-189.
    8. Ngaira, J.M., Bett, B., Karanja, S.M. and Njagi, E.N.M. (2003). Evaluation of antigen and antibody rapid detection tests for Trypanosoma evansi infection in camels in Kenya. Vet. Parasitol. 114: 131-141.
    9. Olaho-Mukani, W., Munyua, W.K., Mutugi, M.W. and Njogu, A. R. (1993). Comparison of antibody-and antigen- detection enzyme immunoassays for the diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi infection in camels. Vet. Parasitol. 45: 231-240.
    10. Omanwar, S., Rao, J.R., Basagoudanavar, S.H., Singh, R.K. and Butchaiah, G. (1999a). Direct and sensitive detection of Trypanosoma evansi by polymerase chain reaction. Acta Vet. Hung. 47: 351-359.
    11. Omanwar, S., Rao, J.R., Basagoudanavar, S.H., Singh, R.K. and Butchaiah, G. (1999b). A simple and highly sensitive method to detect Trypanosoma evansi by DNA amplification from crude blood samples collected on filter papers. J. Vet. Parasitol. 13: 27-29.
    12. Pathak, K.M.L. and Khanna, N.D. (1995). Trypanosomosis in camel (Camelus dromedarius) with particular reference to Indian subcontinent: a review. Int. J. Anim. Sci. 10: 157-162.
    13. Pathak, K.M.L., Arora, J.K. and Kapoor, M. (1993). Camel trypanosomosis in Rajasthan, India, Vet. Parasitol. 49: 319-323.
    14. Rayulu, V. C., Singh, A. and Chaudhri, S. S. (2007). Monoclonal antibody based immunoassays for detection of circulating antigens of Trypanosoma evansi in buffaloes. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 6: 907-910.
    15. Sambrook, J. and Russell, D.W. 2001. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 3rd Ed. Vol. 1 Cold Spring Harbour Lab Press. New York, USA.
    16. Singh, V., Chaudhri, S.S., Kumar, S. and Chhabra, M.B. (1995a). Polyclonal antibody-based antigen-detection immunoassay for diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi in buffaloes and horses. Vet. Parasitol. 56: 261-267.
    17. Singh, N., Pathak, K.M.L. and Kumar, R. (2004). A comparative evaluation of parasitological, serological and DNA amplification methods for diagnosis of natural Trypanosoma evansi infection in camels. Vet. Parasitol. (126): 365-373.
    18. Swarnkar, C.P., Raisinghani, P. M., Kumar, D. and Bhan, A.K. (1993). Detection of circulating antigen of Trypanosoma evansi in surra suspected cattle and buffaloes. Indian J. Anim. Hlth. 32(2): 177-178.
    19. Trial, J.C.M., D’leteren, G.D.M., Maille, J.C., Yangari, G. and Nantulya, V. M. (1991). Use of antigen-detection enzyme immunoassay in assessment of trypanotolerance in N’ Dama cattle. Acta Tropica 50: 11-18.
    20. Wernery, U. and Kaaden, O.R. (1995). Infectious Diseases of Camelids. Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin.
    21. Wuyts, N., Chodesajjawatee, N. and Panyim, S. (1994). A simplified and highly sensitive detection of Trypanosoma evansi by DNA amplification. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Hlth. 25: 266-271.
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