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volume 47 issue 2 (april 2013) : 160-163

IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS IN THE 5' FLANKING REGION OF BOVINE GROWTH HORMONE GENE

G
Geng Rong-qing
W
Wang Lan-ping
C
Chang Hong*
1College of life science and technology, Yancheng Teachers University,Yancheng Jiangsu Province, P.R China, 224002

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Rong-qing Geng, Lan-ping Wang, Hong* Chang (2025). IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS IN THE 5' FLANKING REGION OF BOVINE GROWTH HORMONE GENE. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 47(2): 160-163. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Sequence variations within the 5' flanking region of bovine growth hormone gene were identified from six bovine species raised in China. Cloned and sequenced amplified fragments revealed difference in lengths because of the insertion and deletion mutations. A total thirty-one variation sites were identified in this region within species and among species. Several new SNPs within bovine species were detected in the 5' flanking region with exception in Haizi buffalo. Some important regulatory elements such as TATA box, CRE, NRE3, dPit1 and pPit1 were identified in the 5' flanking in six bovine species. The conservation of regulatory elements may be consistent with functional constraint during the course of evolution.

REFERENCES

  1. Eberhardt, N. J., Jiang, S. W., Shepard, A. R., Arnold, A. M., Trujillo, M. A. (1996). Hormonal and cell-specific regulation of the human growth hormone and chorionic somatomammotropin genes. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol., 54:127-163.
  2. Ferraz, A. L., Bortolossi, J. C., Curi, R. A., Ferro, M. I., Ferro, J. A., Furlan, L. R. (2006). Identification and characterization of polymorphisms within the 5’flanking region, first exon and part of first intron of bovine GH gene. J Anim Breed Genet., 123:208-212.
  3. Fries, R., Eggen, A., Womack, J. E. (1993) The bovine genome map. Mamm Genome., 4, 405.
  4. Ge, W., Davis, M. E., Hines, H. C., Irvin, K. M., Simmen, C. M. (2003). Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the growth hormone and growth hormone receptor genes with blood serum insulin-like growth factor I concentration and growth traits in Angus cattle. J Anim Sci., 81:641-648.
  5. Gordon, D. F., Quick, D. P., Erwin, C. R., Donelson, J. E., Maurer, R. A. (1983). Nucleotide sequence of the bovine growth hormone chromosomal gene. Mol Cell Endocrinol., 33:81-95.
  6. Grochowska, R., Sorensen, P., Zwierzchowski, L., Snochowski, M and Lovendahl, P. (2001). Genetic variation in stimulated GH release and in IGF-I of young dairy cattle and their associations with the leucine/valine polymorphism in the GH gene. J Anim Sci., 79:470-476.
  7. Hecht, C and Geldermann, H. (1996). Variants within the 5'-flanking region and the intron I of the bovine growth hormone gene. Anim Genet., 27(5):329-332.
  8. Krawczak, M., Chuzhanova, N. A., Cooper, D. N. (1999). Evolution of the proximal promoter region of the mammalian growth hormone gene. Gene., 237:143-151.
  9. Lagziel, A., Lipkin, E and Soller, M. (1996). Association between SSCP haplotypes at the bovine growth hormone gene and milk protein percentage. Genetics., 142:945-951
  10. Lagziel, A. and Soller, M. (1999). DNA sequence of SSCP haplotypes at the bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene. Anim Genet., 30:362–365.
  11. Lucy, M. C., Hauser, S. D., Eppard, P. J., Krivi, G. G., Clark, J. H., Bauman, D. E., Collier, R. J. (1993). Variants of somatotropin in cattle: gene frequencies in major dairy breeds and associated milk production. Domest Anim Endocrinol., 10(4):325-333.
  12. Park, K. Y. and Roe, J. H. (1996). Identification of a negative regulatory site in the upstream region of bovine growth hormone gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun., 219:354-358.
  13. Rørth P, Nerlov C, Blasi F, Johnsen M. 1990. Transcription factor PEA3 participates in the induction of urokinase plasminogen activator transcription in murine keratinocytes stimulated with epidermal growth factor or phorbol-ester. Nucleic Acids Res., 18(17):5009-17.
  14. Tamura, K., Dudley, J., Nei, M and Kumar, S. 2007. MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol.,24:1596-1599.
  15. Theill, L. E. and Karin, M. 1993. Transcriptional control of GH expression and anterior pituitary development. Endocrine Reviews., 14:670–689.
  16. Unanian, M. M., Barreto, C. C., Freitas, A. R., Cordeiro, C. M. T., Josahkian, L. A. 2000. Associations between growth hormone gene polymorphism and weight traits in Nellore bovines. Rev Bras Zootec., 29:1380–1386.
  17. Wallis, O. C., Zhang, Y. P and Wallis, M. 2001. Molecular evolution of GH in primates: characterisation of the GH genes from slow loris and marmoset defines an episode of rapid evolutionary change. J Mol Endocrinol., 26:249–258.
  18. Wu, X. L., Macneil, M. D., De, S., Xiao, Q. J., Michal, J. J., Gaskins,C. T., Reeves, J. J., Busboom, J. R., Wright, R. W., Jiang, Z. (2005). Evaluation of candidate gene effects for beef backfat via Bayesian model selection. Genetica., 125:103-113.
  19. Yao, J., Aggrey, S. E., Zadworny, D., Hayes, J. F., Kuhnlein, U. (1996). Sequence variations in the bovine growth hormone gene characterized by single-strand conformation polymorphins (SSCP) analysis and their association with milk production traits in holsteins. Genetics., 144:1809-1816.
  20. Zhou, G. L., Jin, H. G., Liu, C., Guo, S. L., Zhu, Q., Wu, Y. H. (2005). Association of genetic polymorphism in GH gene with milk production traits in Beijing Holstein cows. J Biosci., 30:595-598.
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    volume 47 issue 2 (april 2013) : 160-163

    IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS IN THE 5' FLANKING REGION OF BOVINE GROWTH HORMONE GENE

    G
    Geng Rong-qing
    W
    Wang Lan-ping
    C
    Chang Hong*
    1College of life science and technology, Yancheng Teachers University,Yancheng Jiangsu Province, P.R China, 224002

    • Submitted|

    • First Online |

    • doi

    Cite article:- Rong-qing Geng, Lan-ping Wang, Hong* Chang (2025). IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS IN THE 5' FLANKING REGION OF BOVINE GROWTH HORMONE GENE. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 47(2): 160-163. doi: .

    ABSTRACT

    Sequence variations within the 5' flanking region of bovine growth hormone gene were identified from six bovine species raised in China. Cloned and sequenced amplified fragments revealed difference in lengths because of the insertion and deletion mutations. A total thirty-one variation sites were identified in this region within species and among species. Several new SNPs within bovine species were detected in the 5' flanking region with exception in Haizi buffalo. Some important regulatory elements such as TATA box, CRE, NRE3, dPit1 and pPit1 were identified in the 5' flanking in six bovine species. The conservation of regulatory elements may be consistent with functional constraint during the course of evolution.

    REFERENCES

    1. Eberhardt, N. J., Jiang, S. W., Shepard, A. R., Arnold, A. M., Trujillo, M. A. (1996). Hormonal and cell-specific regulation of the human growth hormone and chorionic somatomammotropin genes. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol., 54:127-163.
    2. Ferraz, A. L., Bortolossi, J. C., Curi, R. A., Ferro, M. I., Ferro, J. A., Furlan, L. R. (2006). Identification and characterization of polymorphisms within the 5’flanking region, first exon and part of first intron of bovine GH gene. J Anim Breed Genet., 123:208-212.
    3. Fries, R., Eggen, A., Womack, J. E. (1993) The bovine genome map. Mamm Genome., 4, 405.
    4. Ge, W., Davis, M. E., Hines, H. C., Irvin, K. M., Simmen, C. M. (2003). Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the growth hormone and growth hormone receptor genes with blood serum insulin-like growth factor I concentration and growth traits in Angus cattle. J Anim Sci., 81:641-648.
    5. Gordon, D. F., Quick, D. P., Erwin, C. R., Donelson, J. E., Maurer, R. A. (1983). Nucleotide sequence of the bovine growth hormone chromosomal gene. Mol Cell Endocrinol., 33:81-95.
    6. Grochowska, R., Sorensen, P., Zwierzchowski, L., Snochowski, M and Lovendahl, P. (2001). Genetic variation in stimulated GH release and in IGF-I of young dairy cattle and their associations with the leucine/valine polymorphism in the GH gene. J Anim Sci., 79:470-476.
    7. Hecht, C and Geldermann, H. (1996). Variants within the 5'-flanking region and the intron I of the bovine growth hormone gene. Anim Genet., 27(5):329-332.
    8. Krawczak, M., Chuzhanova, N. A., Cooper, D. N. (1999). Evolution of the proximal promoter region of the mammalian growth hormone gene. Gene., 237:143-151.
    9. Lagziel, A., Lipkin, E and Soller, M. (1996). Association between SSCP haplotypes at the bovine growth hormone gene and milk protein percentage. Genetics., 142:945-951
    10. Lagziel, A. and Soller, M. (1999). DNA sequence of SSCP haplotypes at the bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene. Anim Genet., 30:362–365.
    11. Lucy, M. C., Hauser, S. D., Eppard, P. J., Krivi, G. G., Clark, J. H., Bauman, D. E., Collier, R. J. (1993). Variants of somatotropin in cattle: gene frequencies in major dairy breeds and associated milk production. Domest Anim Endocrinol., 10(4):325-333.
    12. Park, K. Y. and Roe, J. H. (1996). Identification of a negative regulatory site in the upstream region of bovine growth hormone gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun., 219:354-358.
    13. Rørth P, Nerlov C, Blasi F, Johnsen M. 1990. Transcription factor PEA3 participates in the induction of urokinase plasminogen activator transcription in murine keratinocytes stimulated with epidermal growth factor or phorbol-ester. Nucleic Acids Res., 18(17):5009-17.
    14. Tamura, K., Dudley, J., Nei, M and Kumar, S. 2007. MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol.,24:1596-1599.
    15. Theill, L. E. and Karin, M. 1993. Transcriptional control of GH expression and anterior pituitary development. Endocrine Reviews., 14:670–689.
    16. Unanian, M. M., Barreto, C. C., Freitas, A. R., Cordeiro, C. M. T., Josahkian, L. A. 2000. Associations between growth hormone gene polymorphism and weight traits in Nellore bovines. Rev Bras Zootec., 29:1380–1386.
    17. Wallis, O. C., Zhang, Y. P and Wallis, M. 2001. Molecular evolution of GH in primates: characterisation of the GH genes from slow loris and marmoset defines an episode of rapid evolutionary change. J Mol Endocrinol., 26:249–258.
    18. Wu, X. L., Macneil, M. D., De, S., Xiao, Q. J., Michal, J. J., Gaskins,C. T., Reeves, J. J., Busboom, J. R., Wright, R. W., Jiang, Z. (2005). Evaluation of candidate gene effects for beef backfat via Bayesian model selection. Genetica., 125:103-113.
    19. Yao, J., Aggrey, S. E., Zadworny, D., Hayes, J. F., Kuhnlein, U. (1996). Sequence variations in the bovine growth hormone gene characterized by single-strand conformation polymorphins (SSCP) analysis and their association with milk production traits in holsteins. Genetics., 144:1809-1816.
    20. Zhou, G. L., Jin, H. G., Liu, C., Guo, S. L., Zhu, Q., Wu, Y. H. (2005). Association of genetic polymorphism in GH gene with milk production traits in Beijing Holstein cows. J Biosci., 30:595-598.
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