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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 47 issue 1 (february 2013) : 29-34

BIOCHEMICAL STRESS RESPONSES OF BROILER CHICKENS DURING TRANSPORT

P
Priyanka Sarkar*
S
Sarbaswarup Ghosh
S
Subhasis Batabyal1
S
Saibal Chatterjee
1Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Agricultural Training Center, Narendrapur, Kolkata-700 103,India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Sarkar* Priyanka, Ghosh Sarbaswarup, Batabyal1 Subhasis, Chatterjee Saibal (2025). BIOCHEMICAL STRESS RESPONSES OF BROILER CHICKENS DURING TRANSPORT. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 47(1): 29-34. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Effect of catching-loading and transport was examined on selective blood biochemical variables (cortisol, glucose, lactate, triglyceride, cholesterol, uric acid, total protein, albumin, globulin, A: G ratio, total red cell count, hemoglobin, H:L ratio, calcium and phosphorus) of 270 Vencobb-400 broilers in Indian climatic condition. Birds were grouped into- Control, T1 (caught and loaded, but not transported) and T2 (caught, loaded and transported). Cortisol levels were found to be significantly (pnificantly lowers glucose and triglyceride levels in blood.  So, these biochemical markers may also be used as stress indicator in birds in transit. To reduce stress and ensure bird welfare, farmers should minimize bird density during transport. Further broilers may be fed with molasses /glucose + water before transport to prevent acute hypoglycemia and subsequent shock induced mortality.

REFERENCES

  1. Apple, J. K., Dikeman M. E., Minton J. E., McMurphy R. M., Fedde M.R., Leith D. E., and Unruh J. A.. (1995). Effects of restraint and isolation stress and epidural blockade on endocrine and blood metabolite status, muscle glycogen metabolism, and incidence of dark-cutting longissimus muscle of sheep. J. Anim. Sci., 73:2295–2307.
  2. Bauer, A., Tronche F., Wessely O., Kellendonk C., Reichardt H. M, Steinlein P., Schutz G , and Beug H.. (1999). The glucocorticoid receptor is required for stress erythropoiesis. Genes Dev. 13 : 2996 – 3002
  3. Bedanova, I., Voslarova E., Chloupek P., Pistekova V., Suchy P., Blahova J., Dobsikova R., and Vecerek V.. (2007). Stress in broilers resulting from shackling. Poult. Sci., 86:1065–1069.
  4. Broom D. M. and Johnson K.G. (1993). Assessing welfare: short term response In Stress and Animal Welfare. 1st edition, Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 87-108.
  5. Campbell, T. W. (1994). Hematology in Avian Medicine: Principles and Application, B. W. Ritchie, G. J. Harrison and L.R. Harrison, Winger’s Publishing Inc., Lake Worth, FL., pp.176–198
  6. Delezie, E., Swennen Q., Buyse J., and Decuypere E. (2007). The effect of feed withdrawal and crating density in transit on metabolism and meat quality of broilers at slaughter weight. Poult. Sci., 86:1414–1423.
  7. Duncan D B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F- tests. Biometrics 11:1–42.
  8. Eckersall, David P. (2008). Proteins, Proteomics and the Dysproteinemias In Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals, 6th edn, (Kaneko J J, Hurvey J W & Bruss M L. eds) Elsevier Inc, USA, pp. 117-148.
  9. FAO, Rome (2008). Poultry Sector Country review. Retrieved from ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/011/ak069e/ak069e00.pdf
  10. Freeman, B. M., Kettlewell P. J., Manning A. C., and Berry P. S. (1984). Stress of transportation for broilers. Vet. Rec. 114:286–287.
  11. Gowenlock, Alan H. (2002). Varley’s Practical Clinical Biochemistry, 6th edn, Indian Reprint (CBS Publisher & Distributors, New Delhi), pp. 323-815
  12. Halliday, W. G., Ross J. G., Christie G., and Jones R. M. .(1977). Effect of transportation on blood metabolites in broilers. Br.Poult. Sci., 18: 657–659.
  13. Hartman, S, Taleb S. A., Geng T., Gyenai K., Guan X. and Smith E.. (2006). Comparison of plasma uric acid levels in five varieties of the domestic turkey, Meleagris gallopavo. Poult. Sci., 85:1791–1794.
  14. Kannan, G, Heath J. L., Wabeck C. J., Souza M. C., Howe J. C. and Mench J. A. (1997). Effects of crating and transport on stress and meat quality characteristics in broilers. Poult Sci., 76:523–529.
  15. Kataria, N, Kataria A. K., and Gahlot A. K. (2008). Ambient temperature- associated variations in serum hormones and interrelated analytes of broiler chickens in arid tract. Slov. Vet. Res., 45:127–133.
  16. McDaniel, C.D. Bramwell R.K., Wilson J.C., and Howarth B.. (1996). Fertility of male and female broiler breeders following exposure to elevated ambient temperature. Poult. Sci., 74: 1029-1033.
  17. Mitchell, M. A., Kettlewell P. J. and Maxwell M. H.. (1992). Indicators of physiological stress in broiler chickens during road transportation. Anim. Welf., 1:91–103.
  18. Mitchell, M. A., and Kettlewell P. J.. (1998). Physiological stress and welfare of broiler chickens in transit: Solutions not problems! Poult. Sci., 77:1803–1814.
  19. Nicol, C. J. and Scott G. B.. (1990). Pre-slaughter handling and transport of broiler-chickens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 28:57–73.
  20. Pijarska, I., Czech A., Malec H. and Tymczyna L.. (2006). Effects of road transportation of chicks on blood biochemical indices and productive results of broilers. Med. Weter 62:408–410.
  21. Puvadolpirod, S., and Thaxton, J. P. (2000). Model of physiological stress in chickens 1. Response parameters. Poult. Sci., 79:363– 369.
  22. Savenije, B., Larnbooij E., Gerritzen M. A., Venema K. and Korf J.. (2002). Effects of feed deprivation and transport on pre-slaughter blood metabolites, early postmortem muscle metabolites, and meat quality. Poult. Sci., 81:699–708.
  23. Schalm, O.W., Jain, N.C. and Carrol E J. (1975). Veterinary Haematology. 3rd edn, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia pp. 15-78
  24. Siegel, H. S. (1995). Stress, strains and resistance. Br. Poult. Sci., 36 :3–22.
  25. Vleck, C. M., Vertalino N., Vleck D., and Bucher T. L.. (2000). Stress, corticosterone, and heterophil to lymphocyte ratios in free-living Adelie penguins. Condor, 102:393–401.
  26. Voslarova, E., Chloupek P., Bedanova I., Suchy P., Pistekova V., and Vecerek V.. (2008). The effect of pre-sampling handling time on blood plasma biochemical parameters of broilers. Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr. 115:62–65.
  27. Vosmerova, Chloupek P. J. , Bedanova I. , Chloupek P. , Kruzikova K. , Blahova J. , and Vecerek V.. (2010). Changes in selected biochemical indices related to transport of broilers to slaughterhouse under different ambient temperatures. Poult. Sci ., 89 :2719–2725
  28. Virden .W. S and Kidd . M. T (2009). Physiological stress in broilers: Ramifications on nutrient digestibility and responses. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 18:338–347
  29. Yalcin, S., Ozkan S., Oktay G., Cabuk M., Erbayraktar Z., and SBilgili . F.. (2004). Age-related effects of catching, crating, and transportation at different seasons on core body temperature and physiological blood parameters in broilers. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 13:549–560.
  30. Zhang, L., Yue H. Y., Zhang H. J., Xu L., Wu S. G., Yan H. J., Gong Y. S., and Qi G. H.. (2009). Transport stress in broilers: I. Blood metabolism, glycolytic potential, and meat quality Poult. Sci., 88:2033–2041.
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    volume 47 issue 1 (february 2013) : 29-34

    BIOCHEMICAL STRESS RESPONSES OF BROILER CHICKENS DURING TRANSPORT

    P
    Priyanka Sarkar*
    S
    Sarbaswarup Ghosh
    S
    Subhasis Batabyal1
    S
    Saibal Chatterjee
    1Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Agricultural Training Center, Narendrapur, Kolkata-700 103,India

    • Submitted|

    • First Online |

    • doi

    Cite article:- Sarkar* Priyanka, Ghosh Sarbaswarup, Batabyal1 Subhasis, Chatterjee Saibal (2025). BIOCHEMICAL STRESS RESPONSES OF BROILER CHICKENS DURING TRANSPORT. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 47(1): 29-34. doi: .

    ABSTRACT

    Effect of catching-loading and transport was examined on selective blood biochemical variables (cortisol, glucose, lactate, triglyceride, cholesterol, uric acid, total protein, albumin, globulin, A: G ratio, total red cell count, hemoglobin, H:L ratio, calcium and phosphorus) of 270 Vencobb-400 broilers in Indian climatic condition. Birds were grouped into- Control, T1 (caught and loaded, but not transported) and T2 (caught, loaded and transported). Cortisol levels were found to be significantly (pnificantly lowers glucose and triglyceride levels in blood.  So, these biochemical markers may also be used as stress indicator in birds in transit. To reduce stress and ensure bird welfare, farmers should minimize bird density during transport. Further broilers may be fed with molasses /glucose + water before transport to prevent acute hypoglycemia and subsequent shock induced mortality.

    REFERENCES

    1. Apple, J. K., Dikeman M. E., Minton J. E., McMurphy R. M., Fedde M.R., Leith D. E., and Unruh J. A.. (1995). Effects of restraint and isolation stress and epidural blockade on endocrine and blood metabolite status, muscle glycogen metabolism, and incidence of dark-cutting longissimus muscle of sheep. J. Anim. Sci., 73:2295–2307.
    2. Bauer, A., Tronche F., Wessely O., Kellendonk C., Reichardt H. M, Steinlein P., Schutz G , and Beug H.. (1999). The glucocorticoid receptor is required for stress erythropoiesis. Genes Dev. 13 : 2996 – 3002
    3. Bedanova, I., Voslarova E., Chloupek P., Pistekova V., Suchy P., Blahova J., Dobsikova R., and Vecerek V.. (2007). Stress in broilers resulting from shackling. Poult. Sci., 86:1065–1069.
    4. Broom D. M. and Johnson K.G. (1993). Assessing welfare: short term response In Stress and Animal Welfare. 1st edition, Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 87-108.
    5. Campbell, T. W. (1994). Hematology in Avian Medicine: Principles and Application, B. W. Ritchie, G. J. Harrison and L.R. Harrison, Winger’s Publishing Inc., Lake Worth, FL., pp.176–198
    6. Delezie, E., Swennen Q., Buyse J., and Decuypere E. (2007). The effect of feed withdrawal and crating density in transit on metabolism and meat quality of broilers at slaughter weight. Poult. Sci., 86:1414–1423.
    7. Duncan D B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F- tests. Biometrics 11:1–42.
    8. Eckersall, David P. (2008). Proteins, Proteomics and the Dysproteinemias In Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals, 6th edn, (Kaneko J J, Hurvey J W & Bruss M L. eds) Elsevier Inc, USA, pp. 117-148.
    9. FAO, Rome (2008). Poultry Sector Country review. Retrieved from ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/011/ak069e/ak069e00.pdf
    10. Freeman, B. M., Kettlewell P. J., Manning A. C., and Berry P. S. (1984). Stress of transportation for broilers. Vet. Rec. 114:286–287.
    11. Gowenlock, Alan H. (2002). Varley’s Practical Clinical Biochemistry, 6th edn, Indian Reprint (CBS Publisher & Distributors, New Delhi), pp. 323-815
    12. Halliday, W. G., Ross J. G., Christie G., and Jones R. M. .(1977). Effect of transportation on blood metabolites in broilers. Br.Poult. Sci., 18: 657–659.
    13. Hartman, S, Taleb S. A., Geng T., Gyenai K., Guan X. and Smith E.. (2006). Comparison of plasma uric acid levels in five varieties of the domestic turkey, Meleagris gallopavo. Poult. Sci., 85:1791–1794.
    14. Kannan, G, Heath J. L., Wabeck C. J., Souza M. C., Howe J. C. and Mench J. A. (1997). Effects of crating and transport on stress and meat quality characteristics in broilers. Poult Sci., 76:523–529.
    15. Kataria, N, Kataria A. K., and Gahlot A. K. (2008). Ambient temperature- associated variations in serum hormones and interrelated analytes of broiler chickens in arid tract. Slov. Vet. Res., 45:127–133.
    16. McDaniel, C.D. Bramwell R.K., Wilson J.C., and Howarth B.. (1996). Fertility of male and female broiler breeders following exposure to elevated ambient temperature. Poult. Sci., 74: 1029-1033.
    17. Mitchell, M. A., Kettlewell P. J. and Maxwell M. H.. (1992). Indicators of physiological stress in broiler chickens during road transportation. Anim. Welf., 1:91–103.
    18. Mitchell, M. A., and Kettlewell P. J.. (1998). Physiological stress and welfare of broiler chickens in transit: Solutions not problems! Poult. Sci., 77:1803–1814.
    19. Nicol, C. J. and Scott G. B.. (1990). Pre-slaughter handling and transport of broiler-chickens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 28:57–73.
    20. Pijarska, I., Czech A., Malec H. and Tymczyna L.. (2006). Effects of road transportation of chicks on blood biochemical indices and productive results of broilers. Med. Weter 62:408–410.
    21. Puvadolpirod, S., and Thaxton, J. P. (2000). Model of physiological stress in chickens 1. Response parameters. Poult. Sci., 79:363– 369.
    22. Savenije, B., Larnbooij E., Gerritzen M. A., Venema K. and Korf J.. (2002). Effects of feed deprivation and transport on pre-slaughter blood metabolites, early postmortem muscle metabolites, and meat quality. Poult. Sci., 81:699–708.
    23. Schalm, O.W., Jain, N.C. and Carrol E J. (1975). Veterinary Haematology. 3rd edn, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia pp. 15-78
    24. Siegel, H. S. (1995). Stress, strains and resistance. Br. Poult. Sci., 36 :3–22.
    25. Vleck, C. M., Vertalino N., Vleck D., and Bucher T. L.. (2000). Stress, corticosterone, and heterophil to lymphocyte ratios in free-living Adelie penguins. Condor, 102:393–401.
    26. Voslarova, E., Chloupek P., Bedanova I., Suchy P., Pistekova V., and Vecerek V.. (2008). The effect of pre-sampling handling time on blood plasma biochemical parameters of broilers. Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr. 115:62–65.
    27. Vosmerova, Chloupek P. J. , Bedanova I. , Chloupek P. , Kruzikova K. , Blahova J. , and Vecerek V.. (2010). Changes in selected biochemical indices related to transport of broilers to slaughterhouse under different ambient temperatures. Poult. Sci ., 89 :2719–2725
    28. Virden .W. S and Kidd . M. T (2009). Physiological stress in broilers: Ramifications on nutrient digestibility and responses. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 18:338–347
    29. Yalcin, S., Ozkan S., Oktay G., Cabuk M., Erbayraktar Z., and SBilgili . F.. (2004). Age-related effects of catching, crating, and transportation at different seasons on core body temperature and physiological blood parameters in broilers. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 13:549–560.
    30. Zhang, L., Yue H. Y., Zhang H. J., Xu L., Wu S. G., Yan H. J., Gong Y. S., and Qi G. H.. (2009). Transport stress in broilers: I. Blood metabolism, glycolytic potential, and meat quality Poult. Sci., 88:2033–2041.
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