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Reviewer Article

volume 39 issue 3 (september 2018) : 202-209,   Doi: 10.18805/ag.R-1807

Biofortification: Golden way to save life from micronutrient deficiency 

U
U.N. Shukla
M
Manju Lata Mishra
1College of Agriculture, Agriculture University, Jodhpur-342 304, Rajasthan, India.
Cite article:- Shukla U.N., Mishra Lata Manju (2018). Biofortification: Golden way to save life from micronutrient deficiency. Agricultural Reviews. 39(3): 202-209. doi: 10.18805/ag.R-1807.

ABSTRACT

More than half of the world’s population is affected by micronutrient malnutrition or deficiency and painstaking to be among the most serious global challenges to humankind. Modern plant breeding along with agronomic manipulation has been oriented toward achieving high agronomic yields than nutritional qualities. However, other efforts are expanding to alleviating the problems through industrial fortification or pharmaceutical supplementation which is very costly for the commoners. Micronutrient malnutrition or hidden hunger is very common among adolescent girls, women and preschool children caused mainly by low dietary intake of micronutrients, especially zinc and iron. Biofortification, the process of increasing the bioavailable concentrations of essential elements in edible portions of crop plants through agronomic intervention or genetic selection, may be the solution to malnutrition or deficiency mitigation. The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research has been investigating the genetic potential to improve bioavailability of Fe and Zn in staple food crops such as rice, wheat, maize, common beans, and cassava.

REFERENCES

  1. Aluru, M., Xu, Y., Guo, R., Wang, Z., Li, S., White, W., Wang, K. and Rodermel, S. (2008). Generation of transgenic maize with enhanced provitamin A content. Journal of Experimental Botany, 59:3551-3562.
  2. Barua, D. and Saikia, M. (2018). Agronomic biofortification in rice varieties through zinc fertilization under aerobic condition. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 52 (1): 89-92
  3. Bhatnagar, M., Bhatnagar-Mathur, P., Reddy, S.D., Anjaiah, V. and Sharma, K.K. (2011).Crop biofortification through genetic engineering: present status and future directions. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256972036 on dated 17 March, 2018. 
  4. Boonchuay, P., Cakmak, I., Rerkasem, B. and Prom-U-Thai, C. (2013). Effect of different foliar zinc application at different growth stages on seed zinc concentration and its impact on seedling vigor in rice. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 59 180–188
  5. Cakmak, I. (2008). Enrichment of cereal grains with zinc: Agronomic or genetic biofortification. Plant Soil, 302: 1-17.
  6. Cakmak, I., Kalayci, M., Kaya, Y., Torun, A., Aydin, N., Wang, Y., Arisoy, Z., Erdem, H., Yazici, A., Gokmen, O., Ozturk, L., Horst, W.J., (2010). Biofortification and localization of zinc in wheat grain. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58: 9092-    9102.
  7. Datta, S.P., Rattan, R.K. Chandra, S. and Singh, A.K. (2012). Enriching edible portion of crops with zinc and iron. Paper presented in 77th Annual Convention of the Indian Society of Soil Science. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana.
  8. Diretto, G., Tavazza, R., Welsch, R., Pizzichini, D., Mourgues, F., Papacchioli, V., Beyer, P. and Giuliano, G. (2006). Metabolic engineering of potato tuber carotenoids through tuberspecific silencing of lycopene epsilon cyclase. BMC Plant Biol., 6:13.
  9. Lucca, P., Hurrel, R. and Potrykus, I. (2001). Genetic engineering approaches to improve the bioavailability and the level of iron in rice grains. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 102:392-397.
  10. Meena, H.M., Sharma, R.P., Meena, D.S., Sepehya, S. and Yadav, D.K. (2017). Biofortification: A novel approach for enrichment of cereal grains with Zn and Fe. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(4): 955-962.
  11. Nakandalage, N., Nicolas, M., Norton, R.M., Hirotsu, N., Milham, P.J. and Seneweera, S. (2016) Improving rice zinc biofortification success rates through genetic and crop management approaches in a changing environment. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7:764. 
  12. Naveen, R. Sumathi, P. and Manivannan. (2016). Trait association among beta carotene content and yield attributes in recombinant inbred lines of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Agricultural Science Digest, 36 (3): 202-206.
  13. Pitambara and Nagarajan, P.(2016). Identification of high b-Carotene lines of maize in backcross (BC2 F1) population by genotyping crtRB1 Allele specific marker. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 50 (5): 434-439.
  14. Rai, K.N., Govindaraj, M. and Rao, A.S. (2012).Genetic enhancement of grain iron and zinc content in pearl millet. Qual. Assur. Saf. Crops Foods 4:119–125.
  15. Rosati, C., Aquilani, R., Dharmapuri, S., Pallara, P., Marusic, C., Tavazza, R., Bouvier, F., Camara, B. and Giuliano, G. (2000). Metabolic engineering of beta-carotene and lycopene content in tomato fruit. The Plant Journal, 24:413-419.
  16. Shahzad, Z., Rouached, H. and Rakha, A. (2014). Combating mineral malnutrition through iron and zinc biofortification of cereals. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 13:329–346.
  17. Sharma, D., Jamra, G., Singh, U.M., Sood, S. and Kumar, A. (2017). Calcium biofortification: three pronged molecular approaches for dissecting complex trait of calcium nutrition in finger millet (Eleusine coracana) for devising strategies of enrichment of food crops. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7:2028.
  18. Shewmaker, C.K., Sheehy, J.A., Daley, M., Colburn, S. and Ke, D. (1999). Seed specific overexpression of phytoene synthase: increase in carotenoids and other metabolic effects. The Plant Journal, 20:410–412.
  19. Shivay, Y.S., Kumar, D. and Prasad, R. (2008). Relative efficiency of zinc sulfate and zinc oxide-coated urea in rice-wheat cropping system. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 39: 1154-1167.
  20. Singh, M.V. and Behera, S.K. (2011). AIRCP on micro and secondary nutrients and pollutant elements in soil and plants- A Profile. Res. Bull., 10: 1-57.
  21. Singh, V., Yadav, R.K., Yadav, N.R., Yadav, R., Malik, R.S. and Singh, J. (2017). Identification of genomic Regions/genes for high iron and zinc content and cross transferability of SSR markers in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.). Legume Research, 40 (6): 1004-1011.
  22. Takahashi M. (2003). Overcoming Fe deficiency by transgene approach in rice. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture, 72:211–220.
  23. Uma Shankar Ram, Srivastava, V.K., Hemantaranjan, A., Sen, A., Singh, R.K., Bohra, J.S. and Shukla, U. (2013). Effect of Zn, Fe and FYM application on growth, yield and nutrient content of rice. Oryza, 50 (4):351-357.
  24. W.H.O. 2017. UNICEF-WHO-The World Bank: Joint child malnutrition estimates - Levels and trends. Retrieved from http://    www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/estimates/en/ dated on 7th May, 2018. 
  25. Yadava, D.K., Choudhury, P.R., Hossain, F. and Kumar, D. (2017). Biofortified varieties: Sustainable way to alleviate malnutrition. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. pp. 1-32.
  26. Ye, X., Al-Babili, S., Kloti, A., Zhang, J., Lucca, P., Beyer, P.I. and Potrykus, I. (2000). Engineering the provitamin A (b-carotene) biosynthetic pathway into (carotenoid-free) rice endosperm. Science, 287:303–305.
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    Reviewer Article

    volume 39 issue 3 (september 2018) : 202-209,   Doi: 10.18805/ag.R-1807

    Biofortification: Golden way to save life from micronutrient deficiency 

    U
    U.N. Shukla
    M
    Manju Lata Mishra
    1College of Agriculture, Agriculture University, Jodhpur-342 304, Rajasthan, India.
    Cite article:- Shukla U.N., Mishra Lata Manju (2018). Biofortification: Golden way to save life from micronutrient deficiency. Agricultural Reviews. 39(3): 202-209. doi: 10.18805/ag.R-1807.

    ABSTRACT

    More than half of the world’s population is affected by micronutrient malnutrition or deficiency and painstaking to be among the most serious global challenges to humankind. Modern plant breeding along with agronomic manipulation has been oriented toward achieving high agronomic yields than nutritional qualities. However, other efforts are expanding to alleviating the problems through industrial fortification or pharmaceutical supplementation which is very costly for the commoners. Micronutrient malnutrition or hidden hunger is very common among adolescent girls, women and preschool children caused mainly by low dietary intake of micronutrients, especially zinc and iron. Biofortification, the process of increasing the bioavailable concentrations of essential elements in edible portions of crop plants through agronomic intervention or genetic selection, may be the solution to malnutrition or deficiency mitigation. The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research has been investigating the genetic potential to improve bioavailability of Fe and Zn in staple food crops such as rice, wheat, maize, common beans, and cassava.

    REFERENCES

    1. Aluru, M., Xu, Y., Guo, R., Wang, Z., Li, S., White, W., Wang, K. and Rodermel, S. (2008). Generation of transgenic maize with enhanced provitamin A content. Journal of Experimental Botany, 59:3551-3562.
    2. Barua, D. and Saikia, M. (2018). Agronomic biofortification in rice varieties through zinc fertilization under aerobic condition. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 52 (1): 89-92
    3. Bhatnagar, M., Bhatnagar-Mathur, P., Reddy, S.D., Anjaiah, V. and Sharma, K.K. (2011).Crop biofortification through genetic engineering: present status and future directions. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256972036 on dated 17 March, 2018. 
    4. Boonchuay, P., Cakmak, I., Rerkasem, B. and Prom-U-Thai, C. (2013). Effect of different foliar zinc application at different growth stages on seed zinc concentration and its impact on seedling vigor in rice. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 59 180–188
    5. Cakmak, I. (2008). Enrichment of cereal grains with zinc: Agronomic or genetic biofortification. Plant Soil, 302: 1-17.
    6. Cakmak, I., Kalayci, M., Kaya, Y., Torun, A., Aydin, N., Wang, Y., Arisoy, Z., Erdem, H., Yazici, A., Gokmen, O., Ozturk, L., Horst, W.J., (2010). Biofortification and localization of zinc in wheat grain. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58: 9092-    9102.
    7. Datta, S.P., Rattan, R.K. Chandra, S. and Singh, A.K. (2012). Enriching edible portion of crops with zinc and iron. Paper presented in 77th Annual Convention of the Indian Society of Soil Science. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana.
    8. Diretto, G., Tavazza, R., Welsch, R., Pizzichini, D., Mourgues, F., Papacchioli, V., Beyer, P. and Giuliano, G. (2006). Metabolic engineering of potato tuber carotenoids through tuberspecific silencing of lycopene epsilon cyclase. BMC Plant Biol., 6:13.
    9. Lucca, P., Hurrel, R. and Potrykus, I. (2001). Genetic engineering approaches to improve the bioavailability and the level of iron in rice grains. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 102:392-397.
    10. Meena, H.M., Sharma, R.P., Meena, D.S., Sepehya, S. and Yadav, D.K. (2017). Biofortification: A novel approach for enrichment of cereal grains with Zn and Fe. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(4): 955-962.
    11. Nakandalage, N., Nicolas, M., Norton, R.M., Hirotsu, N., Milham, P.J. and Seneweera, S. (2016) Improving rice zinc biofortification success rates through genetic and crop management approaches in a changing environment. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7:764. 
    12. Naveen, R. Sumathi, P. and Manivannan. (2016). Trait association among beta carotene content and yield attributes in recombinant inbred lines of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Agricultural Science Digest, 36 (3): 202-206.
    13. Pitambara and Nagarajan, P.(2016). Identification of high b-Carotene lines of maize in backcross (BC2 F1) population by genotyping crtRB1 Allele specific marker. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 50 (5): 434-439.
    14. Rai, K.N., Govindaraj, M. and Rao, A.S. (2012).Genetic enhancement of grain iron and zinc content in pearl millet. Qual. Assur. Saf. Crops Foods 4:119–125.
    15. Rosati, C., Aquilani, R., Dharmapuri, S., Pallara, P., Marusic, C., Tavazza, R., Bouvier, F., Camara, B. and Giuliano, G. (2000). Metabolic engineering of beta-carotene and lycopene content in tomato fruit. The Plant Journal, 24:413-419.
    16. Shahzad, Z., Rouached, H. and Rakha, A. (2014). Combating mineral malnutrition through iron and zinc biofortification of cereals. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 13:329–346.
    17. Sharma, D., Jamra, G., Singh, U.M., Sood, S. and Kumar, A. (2017). Calcium biofortification: three pronged molecular approaches for dissecting complex trait of calcium nutrition in finger millet (Eleusine coracana) for devising strategies of enrichment of food crops. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7:2028.
    18. Shewmaker, C.K., Sheehy, J.A., Daley, M., Colburn, S. and Ke, D. (1999). Seed specific overexpression of phytoene synthase: increase in carotenoids and other metabolic effects. The Plant Journal, 20:410–412.
    19. Shivay, Y.S., Kumar, D. and Prasad, R. (2008). Relative efficiency of zinc sulfate and zinc oxide-coated urea in rice-wheat cropping system. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 39: 1154-1167.
    20. Singh, M.V. and Behera, S.K. (2011). AIRCP on micro and secondary nutrients and pollutant elements in soil and plants- A Profile. Res. Bull., 10: 1-57.
    21. Singh, V., Yadav, R.K., Yadav, N.R., Yadav, R., Malik, R.S. and Singh, J. (2017). Identification of genomic Regions/genes for high iron and zinc content and cross transferability of SSR markers in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.). Legume Research, 40 (6): 1004-1011.
    22. Takahashi M. (2003). Overcoming Fe deficiency by transgene approach in rice. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture, 72:211–220.
    23. Uma Shankar Ram, Srivastava, V.K., Hemantaranjan, A., Sen, A., Singh, R.K., Bohra, J.S. and Shukla, U. (2013). Effect of Zn, Fe and FYM application on growth, yield and nutrient content of rice. Oryza, 50 (4):351-357.
    24. W.H.O. 2017. UNICEF-WHO-The World Bank: Joint child malnutrition estimates - Levels and trends. Retrieved from http://    www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/estimates/en/ dated on 7th May, 2018. 
    25. Yadava, D.K., Choudhury, P.R., Hossain, F. and Kumar, D. (2017). Biofortified varieties: Sustainable way to alleviate malnutrition. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. pp. 1-32.
    26. Ye, X., Al-Babili, S., Kloti, A., Zhang, J., Lucca, P., Beyer, P.I. and Potrykus, I. (2000). Engineering the provitamin A (b-carotene) biosynthetic pathway into (carotenoid-free) rice endosperm. Science, 287:303–305.
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