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volume 35 issue 1 (march 2014) : 57-63,   Doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0741.35.1.007

EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF CHINA ASTER [CALLISTEPHUS CHINENSIS (L.) NEES.]-A REVIEW

P
P.M. Munikrishnappa*
S
S.Y. Chandrashekar
1Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Post Graduate Centre, UHSB, GKVK post, Bangalore- 560 065, India
Cite article:- Munikrishnappa* P.M., Chandrashekar S.Y. (2025). EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF CHINA ASTER [CALLISTEPHUS CHINENSIS (L.) NEES.]-A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 35(1): 57-63. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0741.35.1.007.

ABSTRACT

China aster is a half hardy annual grown for loose as well as cutflowers which are used for flower arrangement, interior decoration, garlanding, worshipping etc. It can be grown in herbaceous borders, flower beds, garden decoration and also as potted plant.  Growth regulators play an important role in morphology and physiology of the plants and their effect varies with plant, species, variety, concentration used, method of application, frequency of applications  etc. In china aster different growth regulators viz., GA3, NAA, CCC, MH and Paclobutrazol are used either for inducing or retarding growth parameters which ultimately results in better quality and increased flower yield also enhancing the vase life of cut flowers. Spraying of GA3 at 200 ppm enhanced the duration of flowering (90.33), number of flowers per plant (68.54), diameter (4.86 cm), flower weight (3.26 g), flower yield per plant (111.2 g) and vase life (22.88 days). Among growth regulators foliar application of CCC at 1500 ppm recorded the highest flower yield and also flower quality parameters. Soil drench of paclobutrazol at 200 ppm delayed flowering, while early flowering was observed with 25 ppm. Application of MH at 1000 ppm resulted in minimum plant height, inter nodal length, number of leaves per plant and leaf area in china aster.

REFERENCES

  1. Anonymous(2009). Statistical Data on Horticultural Crops in Karnataka State. Department of Horticulture, Lalbagh, Bengaluru, Karnataka.
  2. Ashwath, S., Gowda, J. V. N. and Murthy, G. M. A. (1993). Effect of growth retardants on growth and flowering in china aster (Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees.) cv. Powder puff mixed. In Proc. Golden Jubilee Symp. Hort. Soc. India, Bengaluru, May 24-25th, pp.225.
  3. Aswath, S., Narayana Gowda, J. V. and Ananda Murthy, G. M. (1995). Effect of growth retardants on post harvest life of china aster cut flowers. Curr. Res., 24 (9): 167-169.
  4. Bose, T. K.(1965). Effect of growth substances on growth and flowering of ornamental annuals. Science and Culture, 31 : 34-36.
  5. Doddagoudar S. R., Vyakaranahal B. S., Shekhargouda M. (2004). Effect of chemical sprays on seed quality parameters of china aster. J. Orn. Hort., 7(3&4):135-137.
  6. Geetha, K., Sadawarte, K. T., Mahorkar, V. K. , Joshi, P. S. and Deo, D. D.(2000). A note on the effect of foliar application of plant growth regulators on seed yield in china aster. Orissa J. of Hort., 28 (2): 113-114.
  7. Joshi, V. and Reddy, S. A.(2006). Effect of Cycocel and alar on growth and flowering parameters in china aster (Callistephus chenensis (L)Nees.). J. Orn. Hort.,9 (1) : 71-72.
  8. Katakar, P. B., Naik, D. M., Bodamwad, S. G. and Gharat, S. N. (2005). Influence of plant growth regulators on flowering, quality and yield of flowers in china aster (Callistephus chinensis (L) Nees.) cv. California Giant Mix. South Indian Hort., 53 (1-6) : 378-381.
  9. Kiran Kumar E. (2012). Studies on the effect of plant growth regulators on growth, flower yield and vase life of china aster (Callistephus chinensis (L.) Ness.) cv. Kamini in coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh. M.Sc. (Hort.) thesis submitted to the Dr.Y.S.R Horticultural University, Tadepalligudem(AP).
  10. Lal, H. and Mishra, S. P.(1986). Effect of gibberllic acid and malic hydrazide on growth and flowering of marigold and china aster. Prog. Hort., 18 (1-2) : 151-152.
  11. Malleshappa (1984). Effect of CCC and MH in growth and yield of china aster cv. Ostrich Plume Mixed. M. Sc. (Hort.) Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci., Bengaluru, Karnataka.
  12. Manker, S. S., Haldankar, P. M., Rangwala, A. D. and Joshi, G. D. (2006). Effect of growth regulators and organic compounds on growth, flowering and yield of china aster (Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees.) var. Ostrich Plum Mixed. South Indian Hort., 54 (1-6): 311-317.
  13. Mantur, S. M. (1988). Studies on nutrition, growth regulators and soil salinity on flower and seed production in china aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees.], cv. Ostrich plume mixed, Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci., Dharwad, Karnataka.
  14. Mishra, D K; Mishra, H R; Yadava, L P. (2005). Influence of paclobutrazol on early flowering and aesthetic value of china aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees.]. J. Applied Hort.: 7(1): 34-37
  15. Naik and Katakar (2004). Effect of graded levels of plant growth regulators on growth and flower yield of china aster. National symposium on recent trends and future strategies in ornamental horticulture held at University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during 1-4 December 2004.
  16. Nandre, D. R., Navandar, U. O. and Archana, D. W. (2009). Effect of growth regulators on growth, flowering and yield of china aster. Asian J. Hort., 4 (1): 50-51.
  17. Narayana Reddy, Y. T. (1978). Effects of growth substances on growth and flowering of china aster (Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees.). Mysore J. of Agril. Sci., 12(3) : 526.
  18. Narayangowda, J. V. (1985). Investigation on horticultural practices in the production of china aster (Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees.). Ph. D. Thesis, Uni. Agric. Sci., Bengaluru, Karnataka.
  19. Reddy, Y. T. N. and Sulladmath, U. V. (1972). Influence of growth regulators on flower characteristics of china aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees.]. South Indian Hort., 20: 252-255.
  20. Reddy, Y. T. N and Sulladamath, U. V.(1983). Effect of growth regulators on growth and flowering of china aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees.]. South Indian Hort., 31 : 95-98.
  21. Rupa (2010). Effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilization and growth retardants on growth and yield of china aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees.]. M.Sc. (Hort.) Thesis submitted to the Dr.Y.S.R Horticultural University, Tadepalligudem(AP).
  22. Shivaprasad Shetty (1995). Effect of GA3 and cycocel on maturity, seed yield and quality of china aster [Callistephus chinensis L. Nees.] M. Sc. (Agri.) Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci., Bengaluru, Karnataka.
  23. Singh, B. P. (1966). Influence of gibberllic acid on vegetative growth and flowering of winter annuals. Science and Culture, 32: 551-552.
  24. Srikanth, L. G., Gopinath G. and Krishna Manohar R. (2013). Influence of Growth Regulators on Growth and Flowering of china aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees.]. Mysore J. Agric, Sci., 47 (1): 187-190.
  25. Syamal, M. N., Rajput, C. B. S., Upadhyaya, R. K. and Singh, J. N. (1990). Effect of GA3 and MH on growth, flowering and seed yield of marigold and china aster. Indian J. Hort., 47 : 439-441.
  26. Tomberg, T. G. (1963). The effect of gibberllin on ornamental plants. Tr. Priklad. Bot. Genet. Seleko, 35 : 85-93.
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    volume 35 issue 1 (march 2014) : 57-63,   Doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0741.35.1.007

    EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF CHINA ASTER [CALLISTEPHUS CHINENSIS (L.) NEES.]-A REVIEW

    P
    P.M. Munikrishnappa*
    S
    S.Y. Chandrashekar
    1Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Post Graduate Centre, UHSB, GKVK post, Bangalore- 560 065, India
    Cite article:- Munikrishnappa* P.M., Chandrashekar S.Y. (2025). EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF CHINA ASTER [CALLISTEPHUS CHINENSIS (L.) NEES.]-A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 35(1): 57-63. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0741.35.1.007.

    ABSTRACT

    China aster is a half hardy annual grown for loose as well as cutflowers which are used for flower arrangement, interior decoration, garlanding, worshipping etc. It can be grown in herbaceous borders, flower beds, garden decoration and also as potted plant.  Growth regulators play an important role in morphology and physiology of the plants and their effect varies with plant, species, variety, concentration used, method of application, frequency of applications  etc. In china aster different growth regulators viz., GA3, NAA, CCC, MH and Paclobutrazol are used either for inducing or retarding growth parameters which ultimately results in better quality and increased flower yield also enhancing the vase life of cut flowers. Spraying of GA3 at 200 ppm enhanced the duration of flowering (90.33), number of flowers per plant (68.54), diameter (4.86 cm), flower weight (3.26 g), flower yield per plant (111.2 g) and vase life (22.88 days). Among growth regulators foliar application of CCC at 1500 ppm recorded the highest flower yield and also flower quality parameters. Soil drench of paclobutrazol at 200 ppm delayed flowering, while early flowering was observed with 25 ppm. Application of MH at 1000 ppm resulted in minimum plant height, inter nodal length, number of leaves per plant and leaf area in china aster.

    REFERENCES

    1. Anonymous(2009). Statistical Data on Horticultural Crops in Karnataka State. Department of Horticulture, Lalbagh, Bengaluru, Karnataka.
    2. Ashwath, S., Gowda, J. V. N. and Murthy, G. M. A. (1993). Effect of growth retardants on growth and flowering in china aster (Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees.) cv. Powder puff mixed. In Proc. Golden Jubilee Symp. Hort. Soc. India, Bengaluru, May 24-25th, pp.225.
    3. Aswath, S., Narayana Gowda, J. V. and Ananda Murthy, G. M. (1995). Effect of growth retardants on post harvest life of china aster cut flowers. Curr. Res., 24 (9): 167-169.
    4. Bose, T. K.(1965). Effect of growth substances on growth and flowering of ornamental annuals. Science and Culture, 31 : 34-36.
    5. Doddagoudar S. R., Vyakaranahal B. S., Shekhargouda M. (2004). Effect of chemical sprays on seed quality parameters of china aster. J. Orn. Hort., 7(3&4):135-137.
    6. Geetha, K., Sadawarte, K. T., Mahorkar, V. K. , Joshi, P. S. and Deo, D. D.(2000). A note on the effect of foliar application of plant growth regulators on seed yield in china aster. Orissa J. of Hort., 28 (2): 113-114.
    7. Joshi, V. and Reddy, S. A.(2006). Effect of Cycocel and alar on growth and flowering parameters in china aster (Callistephus chenensis (L)Nees.). J. Orn. Hort.,9 (1) : 71-72.
    8. Katakar, P. B., Naik, D. M., Bodamwad, S. G. and Gharat, S. N. (2005). Influence of plant growth regulators on flowering, quality and yield of flowers in china aster (Callistephus chinensis (L) Nees.) cv. California Giant Mix. South Indian Hort., 53 (1-6) : 378-381.
    9. Kiran Kumar E. (2012). Studies on the effect of plant growth regulators on growth, flower yield and vase life of china aster (Callistephus chinensis (L.) Ness.) cv. Kamini in coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh. M.Sc. (Hort.) thesis submitted to the Dr.Y.S.R Horticultural University, Tadepalligudem(AP).
    10. Lal, H. and Mishra, S. P.(1986). Effect of gibberllic acid and malic hydrazide on growth and flowering of marigold and china aster. Prog. Hort., 18 (1-2) : 151-152.
    11. Malleshappa (1984). Effect of CCC and MH in growth and yield of china aster cv. Ostrich Plume Mixed. M. Sc. (Hort.) Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci., Bengaluru, Karnataka.
    12. Manker, S. S., Haldankar, P. M., Rangwala, A. D. and Joshi, G. D. (2006). Effect of growth regulators and organic compounds on growth, flowering and yield of china aster (Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees.) var. Ostrich Plum Mixed. South Indian Hort., 54 (1-6): 311-317.
    13. Mantur, S. M. (1988). Studies on nutrition, growth regulators and soil salinity on flower and seed production in china aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees.], cv. Ostrich plume mixed, Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci., Dharwad, Karnataka.
    14. Mishra, D K; Mishra, H R; Yadava, L P. (2005). Influence of paclobutrazol on early flowering and aesthetic value of china aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees.]. J. Applied Hort.: 7(1): 34-37
    15. Naik and Katakar (2004). Effect of graded levels of plant growth regulators on growth and flower yield of china aster. National symposium on recent trends and future strategies in ornamental horticulture held at University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during 1-4 December 2004.
    16. Nandre, D. R., Navandar, U. O. and Archana, D. W. (2009). Effect of growth regulators on growth, flowering and yield of china aster. Asian J. Hort., 4 (1): 50-51.
    17. Narayana Reddy, Y. T. (1978). Effects of growth substances on growth and flowering of china aster (Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees.). Mysore J. of Agril. Sci., 12(3) : 526.
    18. Narayangowda, J. V. (1985). Investigation on horticultural practices in the production of china aster (Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees.). Ph. D. Thesis, Uni. Agric. Sci., Bengaluru, Karnataka.
    19. Reddy, Y. T. N. and Sulladmath, U. V. (1972). Influence of growth regulators on flower characteristics of china aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees.]. South Indian Hort., 20: 252-255.
    20. Reddy, Y. T. N and Sulladamath, U. V.(1983). Effect of growth regulators on growth and flowering of china aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees.]. South Indian Hort., 31 : 95-98.
    21. Rupa (2010). Effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilization and growth retardants on growth and yield of china aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees.]. M.Sc. (Hort.) Thesis submitted to the Dr.Y.S.R Horticultural University, Tadepalligudem(AP).
    22. Shivaprasad Shetty (1995). Effect of GA3 and cycocel on maturity, seed yield and quality of china aster [Callistephus chinensis L. Nees.] M. Sc. (Agri.) Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci., Bengaluru, Karnataka.
    23. Singh, B. P. (1966). Influence of gibberllic acid on vegetative growth and flowering of winter annuals. Science and Culture, 32: 551-552.
    24. Srikanth, L. G., Gopinath G. and Krishna Manohar R. (2013). Influence of Growth Regulators on Growth and Flowering of china aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees.]. Mysore J. Agric, Sci., 47 (1): 187-190.
    25. Syamal, M. N., Rajput, C. B. S., Upadhyaya, R. K. and Singh, J. N. (1990). Effect of GA3 and MH on growth, flowering and seed yield of marigold and china aster. Indian J. Hort., 47 : 439-441.
    26. Tomberg, T. G. (1963). The effect of gibberllin on ornamental plants. Tr. Priklad. Bot. Genet. Seleko, 35 : 85-93.
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