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volume 35 issue 1 (march 2014) : 74-77,   Doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0741.35.1.010

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CROP ESTABLISHMENT METHODS ON RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) GROWTH AND YIELD – A REVIEW

Y
Y.S. Parameswari*
A
A. Srinivas
T
T. Ram Prakash
G
G. Narendar
1Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Acharya N.G. Ranga, Agricultural University, Hyderabad- 500 030, India
Cite article:- Parameswari* Y.S., Srinivas A., Prakash Ram T., Narendar G. (2025). EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CROP ESTABLISHMENT METHODS ON RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) GROWTH AND YIELD – A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 35(1): 74-77. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0741.35.1.010.

ABSTRACT

Rice is grown mostly through transplanting in India, in spite of the fact that transplanting is cumbersome practice and requires more labour. The inadequacy of irrigation water and scarce labour coupled with higher wages during the peak period of farm operations, invariably lead to delay in transplanting. To overcome this problem, farmers are gradually switching over to direct seeding under puddle condition.  Wet seeding (Sowing pre-germinated seed on to puddle soil) reduces substantially the amount of labour needed for growing of rice crop. The wet seeding also helps to harvest the crop by 8- 10 days earlier than transplanting. It eliminates the use of seedlings and operations such as nursery preparation care of seedlings, pulling, bundling, transporting and transplanting .The demand for more irrigation water and seed rate with transplanting and direct sowing methods signifies the importance of the other methods of rice crop establishment such as system of rice intensification (SRI) to save water.  With proper water and weed management under SRI and wet sowing we can get similar yields as that of transplanted rice. An attempt has been made in this paper to review the effect of establishment methods on rice crop yield.

REFERENCES

  1. Anbumani, S. et al. (2004). Evaluation of establishment methods and NPK levels in rice and their impact on succeeding crops. Agri. Sci. Digest., 24 (3) 190-193.
  2. Awan, T. H. et al. (2007). Economic effect of different plant establishment techniques on rice (Oryza sativa) production. J. Agri. Res., 45 (1): 73-79.
  3. Balasubramanian,V. and Hill J.E. (2002). Direct seeding of rice in Asia: emerging issues and strategic research needs for the 21st century. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Direct Seeding in Asian Rice Systems: Strategic Research Issues and Opportunities, 25-28 January 2000, Bangkok, Thailand. Los Baños (Philippines): International Rice Research Institute. pp. 24-25.
  4. Chander, S and Pandey, J. (1997). Nutrient removal by scented basmati rice (Oryza sativa) and associated weeds as affected by nitrogen and herbicides under different rice cultures. Indian J Agron., 42 (2): 256-260.
  5. Chander, S and Pandey. (2001). Effect of rice culture, nitrogen and weed control on nitrogen competition between scented rice and weeds. Indian Journal of Agronomy. 46 (1): 68-74.
  6. Chandrapala, A.G. et al. (2010). Productivity and economics of rice- maize as influenced by methods of crop establishment, Zn and S application in rice. Indian J Agron. 55(3): 171-176.
  7. Dubey, R and Singh, D (2012). Effect of rice establishment techniques on crop productivity and weed dynamics under different weed control methods in Uttarakhand. Absract Biennial Conference of Indian Society of Weed Science. April 19-20. p 43.
  8. Farooq, M., et al. (2011). Rice direct seeding: Experiences, challenges and opportunites- a review. Soil and Tillage Res., 111: 87-98.
  9. Gill, M.S., (2008). Productivity of direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa) under varying seed rates, weed control and irrigation levels. Indian J Agri. Sci., 78 (9): 766-770
  10. Gill, M.S., et al. (2006). Growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars under various methods and times of sowing. Indian J Agron., 51(2): 123-124.
  11. Halder, J, et al. (2009). Productivityand sustainability of different crop establishment methods for cultivation of rabi rice in western Orissa. Annals of Agri. Res., 30 (3&4) : 82-86.
  12. Ho and Romil. (2000). Impact of direct seeding of rice cultivation: lessen from the Mudaara of Malaysia. In: Direct seeding: Research strategies and opportunities Eds: Proceedings of International Workshop on direct seeding in Asia Rice System, held during 25-28 January, Bangkok, Thailand.
  13. Hugar, A.Y. et al. (2009). Influence of different establishment methods on yield and economics of rice. Agri. Sci. Digest., 29 (3): 202-205.
  14. Jai kumar, et al. (2012). Effect of weed management practices and establishment techniques on productivity of rice in North-West Himalyan Sub Tropical Foot Hills. Absract Biennial Conference of Indian Society of Weed Science. Held at kerala on April 19-20 p 119.
  15. Jayadeva, H.M and Prabhakar Shetty, T.K. (2008). Influence of crop establishment techniques and sources of nutrients on productivity, energitics and economics of rice. Oryza., 45 (2): 166-168.
  16. Kumar, G.S. et al. (2008). Effect of systems of cultivation with varied N levels on growth, yield, water productivity and economics of rice. Crop Res., 35 (3):157-164.
  17. Mankotia, B.S. et al. (2009). Effect of crop establishment techniques on productivity of rice-wheat cropping system. Oryza., 46(3): 205-208.
  18. Mukherjee, A.K and Chaterjee, B.N. (1970). Growth analysis of direct seeded and transplanted crop. Indian J Agron., 15 (3): 379-380.
  19. Pandey, S. and Velasco, L. (2005). Trends in crop establishment methods in Asia and research issues. P. 178-181. In. Proceedings of World Rice Research Conference, Tsukuba International Congress Center, Tsukuba, Japan. 5-7 Nov. 2004.
  20. Prabhakar, S.V.R.K. (1996). Effect of different dates of dry seeding and staggered nursery sowing on growth and yield of rice during kharif. M.Sc.(Ag.) thesis, Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, Hyderabad.
  21. Purushotham, S and Morachan, Y.B. (1974). Response of IR-8 rice to direct seeding and transplanting at three levels of nitrogen. Madras Agri. J., 61(8): 285-288.
  22. Raju, R.A and Sreenivas, Ch. (2008). Agronomic evaluation of system of rice intensification methods in Godavari delta. Oryza., 45 (4): 280-283.
  23. Sanjay, M.T. et al. (2006a). Enhancing productivity of rice under different crop establishment methods through weed management practices. Crop Res., 31 (2): 192-197.
  24. Sanjay, M.T. et al. (2006b). Influence of weed management practices on nutrient uptake and productivity of rice under different methods of crop establishment. Crop Res.,32 (2): 131-136
  25. Shashikumar, G. (1990). Effect of age seedlings and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of rice varieties under late planting condition. M.Sc. (Ag) Thesis, ANGRAU.
  26. Shekar, J and Singh, C.M. (1991). Influence of methods and stand establishment on growth and yield of rice. Oryza., 28: 45-48.
  27. Shekhar, J. et al. (2009). Productivity and economics of rice (Oryza sativa) in system of intensification in North-Western Himalayas. Indian J Agron., 54 (4): 423-427.
  28. Singh, A. et al. (1997). Performance of rice under different methods of cultivation in hilly soils of Sikkim. Indian J. Agron., 42(4): 611-613.
  29. Singh, G. et al. (2005a). Effect of weed management practices on direct seeded rice under puddle lowlands. Indian J. Agron., 50 (1): 35-37.
  30. Singh, R.K. et al. (2002). Efficacy of method of planting and weed control measures on nutrient removal of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and associated weeds. Crop Res., 24 (3): 425-429.
  31. Singh, R.P. et al. (2005b). Effect of crop establishment methods, weed management and split nitrogen application on weeds and yield of rice (Oryza sativa). Indian J. Agri Sci., 75 (5): 285-287.
  32. Singh, V.P. et al. (2006). Effect of weed management and crop establishment methods on weed dynamics and grain yield of rice. Indian J. Weed Sci., 38 (1&2): 20 -24.
  33. Sudhalakshmi, C. et al. (2005). Weed management options on dynamics of nitrogen fractions in the rhizosphere soil of rice hybrids. Madras Agri. J., 92(7-9): 444-448.
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    volume 35 issue 1 (march 2014) : 74-77,   Doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0741.35.1.010

    EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CROP ESTABLISHMENT METHODS ON RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) GROWTH AND YIELD – A REVIEW

    Y
    Y.S. Parameswari*
    A
    A. Srinivas
    T
    T. Ram Prakash
    G
    G. Narendar
    1Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Acharya N.G. Ranga, Agricultural University, Hyderabad- 500 030, India
    Cite article:- Parameswari* Y.S., Srinivas A., Prakash Ram T., Narendar G. (2025). EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CROP ESTABLISHMENT METHODS ON RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) GROWTH AND YIELD – A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 35(1): 74-77. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0741.35.1.010.

    ABSTRACT

    Rice is grown mostly through transplanting in India, in spite of the fact that transplanting is cumbersome practice and requires more labour. The inadequacy of irrigation water and scarce labour coupled with higher wages during the peak period of farm operations, invariably lead to delay in transplanting. To overcome this problem, farmers are gradually switching over to direct seeding under puddle condition.  Wet seeding (Sowing pre-germinated seed on to puddle soil) reduces substantially the amount of labour needed for growing of rice crop. The wet seeding also helps to harvest the crop by 8- 10 days earlier than transplanting. It eliminates the use of seedlings and operations such as nursery preparation care of seedlings, pulling, bundling, transporting and transplanting .The demand for more irrigation water and seed rate with transplanting and direct sowing methods signifies the importance of the other methods of rice crop establishment such as system of rice intensification (SRI) to save water.  With proper water and weed management under SRI and wet sowing we can get similar yields as that of transplanted rice. An attempt has been made in this paper to review the effect of establishment methods on rice crop yield.

    REFERENCES

    1. Anbumani, S. et al. (2004). Evaluation of establishment methods and NPK levels in rice and their impact on succeeding crops. Agri. Sci. Digest., 24 (3) 190-193.
    2. Awan, T. H. et al. (2007). Economic effect of different plant establishment techniques on rice (Oryza sativa) production. J. Agri. Res., 45 (1): 73-79.
    3. Balasubramanian,V. and Hill J.E. (2002). Direct seeding of rice in Asia: emerging issues and strategic research needs for the 21st century. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Direct Seeding in Asian Rice Systems: Strategic Research Issues and Opportunities, 25-28 January 2000, Bangkok, Thailand. Los Baños (Philippines): International Rice Research Institute. pp. 24-25.
    4. Chander, S and Pandey, J. (1997). Nutrient removal by scented basmati rice (Oryza sativa) and associated weeds as affected by nitrogen and herbicides under different rice cultures. Indian J Agron., 42 (2): 256-260.
    5. Chander, S and Pandey. (2001). Effect of rice culture, nitrogen and weed control on nitrogen competition between scented rice and weeds. Indian Journal of Agronomy. 46 (1): 68-74.
    6. Chandrapala, A.G. et al. (2010). Productivity and economics of rice- maize as influenced by methods of crop establishment, Zn and S application in rice. Indian J Agron. 55(3): 171-176.
    7. Dubey, R and Singh, D (2012). Effect of rice establishment techniques on crop productivity and weed dynamics under different weed control methods in Uttarakhand. Absract Biennial Conference of Indian Society of Weed Science. April 19-20. p 43.
    8. Farooq, M., et al. (2011). Rice direct seeding: Experiences, challenges and opportunites- a review. Soil and Tillage Res., 111: 87-98.
    9. Gill, M.S., (2008). Productivity of direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa) under varying seed rates, weed control and irrigation levels. Indian J Agri. Sci., 78 (9): 766-770
    10. Gill, M.S., et al. (2006). Growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars under various methods and times of sowing. Indian J Agron., 51(2): 123-124.
    11. Halder, J, et al. (2009). Productivityand sustainability of different crop establishment methods for cultivation of rabi rice in western Orissa. Annals of Agri. Res., 30 (3&4) : 82-86.
    12. Ho and Romil. (2000). Impact of direct seeding of rice cultivation: lessen from the Mudaara of Malaysia. In: Direct seeding: Research strategies and opportunities Eds: Proceedings of International Workshop on direct seeding in Asia Rice System, held during 25-28 January, Bangkok, Thailand.
    13. Hugar, A.Y. et al. (2009). Influence of different establishment methods on yield and economics of rice. Agri. Sci. Digest., 29 (3): 202-205.
    14. Jai kumar, et al. (2012). Effect of weed management practices and establishment techniques on productivity of rice in North-West Himalyan Sub Tropical Foot Hills. Absract Biennial Conference of Indian Society of Weed Science. Held at kerala on April 19-20 p 119.
    15. Jayadeva, H.M and Prabhakar Shetty, T.K. (2008). Influence of crop establishment techniques and sources of nutrients on productivity, energitics and economics of rice. Oryza., 45 (2): 166-168.
    16. Kumar, G.S. et al. (2008). Effect of systems of cultivation with varied N levels on growth, yield, water productivity and economics of rice. Crop Res., 35 (3):157-164.
    17. Mankotia, B.S. et al. (2009). Effect of crop establishment techniques on productivity of rice-wheat cropping system. Oryza., 46(3): 205-208.
    18. Mukherjee, A.K and Chaterjee, B.N. (1970). Growth analysis of direct seeded and transplanted crop. Indian J Agron., 15 (3): 379-380.
    19. Pandey, S. and Velasco, L. (2005). Trends in crop establishment methods in Asia and research issues. P. 178-181. In. Proceedings of World Rice Research Conference, Tsukuba International Congress Center, Tsukuba, Japan. 5-7 Nov. 2004.
    20. Prabhakar, S.V.R.K. (1996). Effect of different dates of dry seeding and staggered nursery sowing on growth and yield of rice during kharif. M.Sc.(Ag.) thesis, Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, Hyderabad.
    21. Purushotham, S and Morachan, Y.B. (1974). Response of IR-8 rice to direct seeding and transplanting at three levels of nitrogen. Madras Agri. J., 61(8): 285-288.
    22. Raju, R.A and Sreenivas, Ch. (2008). Agronomic evaluation of system of rice intensification methods in Godavari delta. Oryza., 45 (4): 280-283.
    23. Sanjay, M.T. et al. (2006a). Enhancing productivity of rice under different crop establishment methods through weed management practices. Crop Res., 31 (2): 192-197.
    24. Sanjay, M.T. et al. (2006b). Influence of weed management practices on nutrient uptake and productivity of rice under different methods of crop establishment. Crop Res.,32 (2): 131-136
    25. Shashikumar, G. (1990). Effect of age seedlings and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of rice varieties under late planting condition. M.Sc. (Ag) Thesis, ANGRAU.
    26. Shekar, J and Singh, C.M. (1991). Influence of methods and stand establishment on growth and yield of rice. Oryza., 28: 45-48.
    27. Shekhar, J. et al. (2009). Productivity and economics of rice (Oryza sativa) in system of intensification in North-Western Himalayas. Indian J Agron., 54 (4): 423-427.
    28. Singh, A. et al. (1997). Performance of rice under different methods of cultivation in hilly soils of Sikkim. Indian J. Agron., 42(4): 611-613.
    29. Singh, G. et al. (2005a). Effect of weed management practices on direct seeded rice under puddle lowlands. Indian J. Agron., 50 (1): 35-37.
    30. Singh, R.K. et al. (2002). Efficacy of method of planting and weed control measures on nutrient removal of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and associated weeds. Crop Res., 24 (3): 425-429.
    31. Singh, R.P. et al. (2005b). Effect of crop establishment methods, weed management and split nitrogen application on weeds and yield of rice (Oryza sativa). Indian J. Agri Sci., 75 (5): 285-287.
    32. Singh, V.P. et al. (2006). Effect of weed management and crop establishment methods on weed dynamics and grain yield of rice. Indian J. Weed Sci., 38 (1&2): 20 -24.
    33. Sudhalakshmi, C. et al. (2005). Weed management options on dynamics of nitrogen fractions in the rhizosphere soil of rice hybrids. Madras Agri. J., 92(7-9): 444-448.
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