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Research Article

volume 40 issue 2 (june 2019) : 104-112,   Doi: 10.18805/ag.R-121

Breeding for Flue – Cured Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L) Foliar Pest and Disease Resistance in Zimbabwe: A Review

J
Justify Gotami Shava
S
Susan Richardson-Kageler
S
Shorai Dari
F
Frank Magama
D
Dzingai Rukuni
1Tobacco Research Board, Harare, Zimbabwe
Cite article:- Shava Gotami Justify, Richardson-Kageler Susan, Dari Shorai, Magama Frank, Rukuni Dzingai (2019). Breeding for Flue – Cured Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L) Foliar Pest and Disease Resistance in Zimbabwe: A Review. Agricultural Reviews. 40(2): 104-112. doi: 10.18805/ag.R-121.

ABSTRACT

Since its introduction to Zimbabwean farmers in the early 20th Century, flue –cured tobacco has grown to become one of the most profitable field crops to cultivate in the country.  However, pests and diseases have been reported as some of the major contributors to yield and quality loss in the business of tobacco farming in Zimbabwe and across the world reducing the profitability of the tobacco business.  This has resulted in large sums of financial resources being invested in research aimed at controlling pests and diseases in different crops. In Zimbabwe millions of litres of pesticides have been pumped into the environment in an effort to control pests and diseases in flue-cured tobacco fields. There have also been efforts to incorporate inherent pest and disease resistance in the varieties of flue-cured tobacco developed in the country since the early 1940s. This paper is a review of the breeding efforts to incorporate pest and disease resistance in the elite flue-cured tobacco germplasm used to develop some of the popular varieties in Zimbabwe.

REFERENCES

  1. Bolton, A. and Stephen, R. C. (1952). Breeding for resistance to Cercospora nicotianae (Frogeye). Tobacco Research Board Annual Report: 1951-52.
  2. Chaplin J. F. (1970). Associations among disease resistance, agronomic characteristics and chemical constituents in flue-cured tobacco. Agronomy Journal, 62: 87-91.
  3. Devi, G. and George J. (2010). Predatory nematodes as bio-control agent against plant-parasitic nematode - A review. Agricultural Reviews, 39(1) 2018: 55-61.
  4. Du Toit, M., Bailey L. L., Jack A. M. and Molam, M. (1990). Breeding for Black shank disease resistance. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1989-90.
  5. Du Toit, M., Bailey L. L., Jack A. M. and Molam, M. (1999). Breeding for root-knot and disease resistance. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1998-99.
  6. Gildenhuys, P. J. and Daulton, R. A. C. (1950). Variety tests on different soils. Tobacco Research Board Annual Report, 1949-50.
  7. Gildenhuys, P. J. and Stephen, R. C. (1956). Breeding for Anthracnose resistance. Tobacco Research Board of Southern Rhodesia Annual Report: 1955-1956.
  8. Gildenhuys, P. J. and Stephen, R. C. (1957). Breeding for Angular leaf spot resistance. Tobacco Research Board of Southern Rhodesia Annual Report: 1956-1957.
  9. Lyle, J. C. F. (1993). Breeding for wildfire (1) resistance. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1992-93.
  10. Mbanga, T. (1991). Tobacco: A Century of Gold. ZIL Publications (Pvt) Ltd.
  11. Nyoka, B. I. and Du Toit, M. (2004). Breeding for multiple disease resistance in the TAYU population by recurrent selection. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 2003-2004.
  12. Raeber, J. G. and Schweppenhauser, M. A. (1963). Breeding for resistance to Blue mold (Perenospora tabacina). Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1962-63.
  13. Raeber, J. G. and Schweppenhauser, M. A. (1964a). Breeding for resistance to wildfire. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1963-64.
  14. Raeber, J. G. and Schweppenhauser, M. A. (1964b). Preliminary variety test. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1963-64.
  15. Raeber, J. G. and Schweppenhauser, M. A. (1965a). Breeding for resistance to Bushy-top and Rosette virus diseases. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1964-65.
  16. Raeber, J. G. and Schweppenhauser, M. A. (1965b). Varietal reactions to Bushy-top and Rosette virus under greenhouse conditions. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1964-65.
  17. Raeber, J. G. and Schweppenhauser, M. A. (1966). Breeding for resistance to Granville wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum). Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1965-66.
  18. Raeber, J. G., Schweppenhauser M. A. and Smeeton, B. (1968) Agronomic evaluation of Alternaria resistant narrow leaf lines. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1967-68.
  19. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1970). Breeding for resistance to wildfire and TMV. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1969-70.
  20. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1971a). Variety Trials. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1970-71.
  21. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1971b). Agronomic trial of mammoth type lines with wildfire and TMV resistance. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1970-71.
  22. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1971c). Variety trials. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1969-70.
  23. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1971d). Variety Trials. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1969-70.
  24. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1973a). Agronomic trial of Alternaria resistant narrow leaf lines. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1972-73.
  25. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1973b). Agronomic trial of Alternaria resistant narrow leaf lines. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1972-73.
  26. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1973c). Agronomic trial of white mould resistant narrow leaf lines. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1972-73.
  27. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1973d). Co-operative trials of mammoth strains. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1972-73.
  28. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1974a). Varietal susceptibility to natural infestation with budworm. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1963-64.
  29. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1974b). Inheritance of tolerance to Alternaria in tobacco. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1973-74.
  30. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1975). Breeding for resistance to Alternaria. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1974-75.
  31. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1978). Agronomic trial of Alternaria resistant narrow leaf lines. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1977-78.
  32. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1984). Co-operative cultivar trials of standard and mammoth cultivars/lines. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1983-84.
  33. Sahayaraj, K. and Asha A. (2010). Biological Control Potential Evaluation of Rhinocoris Kumarii Ambrose and Livingstone (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) on Aphis Craccivora (Koch.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Indian J. Agric. Res., 44 (4): 281 – 287.
  34. Sharma R., Ram L. and Devi R. (2017). Efficacy of white muscardine fungus (Beauveria bassiana) on rice hispa (Dicladispa armigera) Indian J. Agric. Res., 51 (3): 296-298.
  35. Stephen, R. C. (1953). Variety improvement. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1952-53.
  36. Tobacco Research Board. (1950). Annual Report. 
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    Research Article

    volume 40 issue 2 (june 2019) : 104-112,   Doi: 10.18805/ag.R-121

    Breeding for Flue – Cured Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L) Foliar Pest and Disease Resistance in Zimbabwe: A Review

    J
    Justify Gotami Shava
    S
    Susan Richardson-Kageler
    S
    Shorai Dari
    F
    Frank Magama
    D
    Dzingai Rukuni
    1Tobacco Research Board, Harare, Zimbabwe
    Cite article:- Shava Gotami Justify, Richardson-Kageler Susan, Dari Shorai, Magama Frank, Rukuni Dzingai (2019). Breeding for Flue – Cured Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L) Foliar Pest and Disease Resistance in Zimbabwe: A Review. Agricultural Reviews. 40(2): 104-112. doi: 10.18805/ag.R-121.

    ABSTRACT

    Since its introduction to Zimbabwean farmers in the early 20th Century, flue –cured tobacco has grown to become one of the most profitable field crops to cultivate in the country.  However, pests and diseases have been reported as some of the major contributors to yield and quality loss in the business of tobacco farming in Zimbabwe and across the world reducing the profitability of the tobacco business.  This has resulted in large sums of financial resources being invested in research aimed at controlling pests and diseases in different crops. In Zimbabwe millions of litres of pesticides have been pumped into the environment in an effort to control pests and diseases in flue-cured tobacco fields. There have also been efforts to incorporate inherent pest and disease resistance in the varieties of flue-cured tobacco developed in the country since the early 1940s. This paper is a review of the breeding efforts to incorporate pest and disease resistance in the elite flue-cured tobacco germplasm used to develop some of the popular varieties in Zimbabwe.

    REFERENCES

    1. Bolton, A. and Stephen, R. C. (1952). Breeding for resistance to Cercospora nicotianae (Frogeye). Tobacco Research Board Annual Report: 1951-52.
    2. Chaplin J. F. (1970). Associations among disease resistance, agronomic characteristics and chemical constituents in flue-cured tobacco. Agronomy Journal, 62: 87-91.
    3. Devi, G. and George J. (2010). Predatory nematodes as bio-control agent against plant-parasitic nematode - A review. Agricultural Reviews, 39(1) 2018: 55-61.
    4. Du Toit, M., Bailey L. L., Jack A. M. and Molam, M. (1990). Breeding for Black shank disease resistance. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1989-90.
    5. Du Toit, M., Bailey L. L., Jack A. M. and Molam, M. (1999). Breeding for root-knot and disease resistance. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1998-99.
    6. Gildenhuys, P. J. and Daulton, R. A. C. (1950). Variety tests on different soils. Tobacco Research Board Annual Report, 1949-50.
    7. Gildenhuys, P. J. and Stephen, R. C. (1956). Breeding for Anthracnose resistance. Tobacco Research Board of Southern Rhodesia Annual Report: 1955-1956.
    8. Gildenhuys, P. J. and Stephen, R. C. (1957). Breeding for Angular leaf spot resistance. Tobacco Research Board of Southern Rhodesia Annual Report: 1956-1957.
    9. Lyle, J. C. F. (1993). Breeding for wildfire (1) resistance. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1992-93.
    10. Mbanga, T. (1991). Tobacco: A Century of Gold. ZIL Publications (Pvt) Ltd.
    11. Nyoka, B. I. and Du Toit, M. (2004). Breeding for multiple disease resistance in the TAYU population by recurrent selection. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 2003-2004.
    12. Raeber, J. G. and Schweppenhauser, M. A. (1963). Breeding for resistance to Blue mold (Perenospora tabacina). Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1962-63.
    13. Raeber, J. G. and Schweppenhauser, M. A. (1964a). Breeding for resistance to wildfire. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1963-64.
    14. Raeber, J. G. and Schweppenhauser, M. A. (1964b). Preliminary variety test. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1963-64.
    15. Raeber, J. G. and Schweppenhauser, M. A. (1965a). Breeding for resistance to Bushy-top and Rosette virus diseases. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1964-65.
    16. Raeber, J. G. and Schweppenhauser, M. A. (1965b). Varietal reactions to Bushy-top and Rosette virus under greenhouse conditions. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1964-65.
    17. Raeber, J. G. and Schweppenhauser, M. A. (1966). Breeding for resistance to Granville wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum). Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1965-66.
    18. Raeber, J. G., Schweppenhauser M. A. and Smeeton, B. (1968) Agronomic evaluation of Alternaria resistant narrow leaf lines. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1967-68.
    19. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1970). Breeding for resistance to wildfire and TMV. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1969-70.
    20. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1971a). Variety Trials. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1970-71.
    21. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1971b). Agronomic trial of mammoth type lines with wildfire and TMV resistance. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1970-71.
    22. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1971c). Variety trials. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1969-70.
    23. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1971d). Variety Trials. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1969-70.
    24. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1973a). Agronomic trial of Alternaria resistant narrow leaf lines. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1972-73.
    25. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1973b). Agronomic trial of Alternaria resistant narrow leaf lines. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1972-73.
    26. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1973c). Agronomic trial of white mould resistant narrow leaf lines. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1972-73.
    27. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1973d). Co-operative trials of mammoth strains. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1972-73.
    28. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1974a). Varietal susceptibility to natural infestation with budworm. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1963-64.
    29. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1974b). Inheritance of tolerance to Alternaria in tobacco. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1973-74.
    30. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1975). Breeding for resistance to Alternaria. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1974-75.
    31. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1978). Agronomic trial of Alternaria resistant narrow leaf lines. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1977-78.
    32. Raeber, J. G. and Smeeton, B. (1984). Co-operative cultivar trials of standard and mammoth cultivars/lines. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1983-84.
    33. Sahayaraj, K. and Asha A. (2010). Biological Control Potential Evaluation of Rhinocoris Kumarii Ambrose and Livingstone (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) on Aphis Craccivora (Koch.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Indian J. Agric. Res., 44 (4): 281 – 287.
    34. Sharma R., Ram L. and Devi R. (2017). Efficacy of white muscardine fungus (Beauveria bassiana) on rice hispa (Dicladispa armigera) Indian J. Agric. Res., 51 (3): 296-298.
    35. Stephen, R. C. (1953). Variety improvement. Tobacco Research Board, Annual Report: 1952-53.
    36. Tobacco Research Board. (1950). Annual Report. 
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