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volume 32 issue 3 (september 2011) : 202 - 208

MANAGEMENT OF GRAIN SMUT IN SEED PRODUCTION OF RABI SORGHUM [SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.)MOENCH.] – A REVIEW

A
Ashok S. Sajjan*
B
B.B. Patil
M
M.M. Jamadar
S
Somanagounda B. Patil
1Department of Seed Science and Technology University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Sajjan* S. Ashok, Patil B.B., Jamadar M.M., Patil B. Somanagounda (2025). MANAGEMENT OF GRAIN SMUT IN SEED PRODUCTION OF RABI SORGHUM [SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.)MOENCH.] – A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 32(3): 202 - 208. doi: .

ABSTRACT

The grain smut [Sporisorium sorghi (Link.)Willd] pathogen on sorghum is externally seed borne. The smut sori break during threshing releasing the spores; that adhere to the surface of healthy seeds and remain dormant till next season. The infection takes place before the seedlings emerge out. The conditions suited for delayed germination of seeds favour the smut infection. An attempt has been made to find out the suitable fungicides for the management of grain smut of sorghum. Among the several fungitoxicants reviewed belonging to different groups; the seeds treated with carboxin+thiram (Vitavax power) followed by sulphur @ 3.0 g kg-1 just before sowing recorded significantly higher seed yield and lesser smut incidence and better seed quality parameters.

REFERENCES

  1. Adlakha, K. L. and Munjal, R. L. (1963). Reaction of some varieties of Sorghum vulgare to Sphacelotheca sorghi (Link). Indian J. Agric. Sci., 33(1): 8-10.
  2. Bagga, P. S. and Kaur, S. (2006). Evaluation of fungicides for controlling false smut (Ustilaginoida virens) of rice. Indian Phytopath., 59(1): 115-117
  3. Bahadur, P. and Sinha, V. C. (1978). Efficacy of bavistin for controlling loose smut of wheat. Pesticides, 9: 31-32.
  4. Bedi, P. S. and Singh, G. (1974). Control of covered smut of barley by seed treatment. Indian Phytopath., 27: 379-381.
  5. Bultler, E. J. (1918). Fungi and Diseases in plants, Published by Thacker Spink and Co., Calcutta. p. 547.
  6. Chahal, S. S. (1986). Yield loss due to smut of pearl millet. Indian Phytopath., 39: 292-293.
  7. Delvi, M. H. (1958). Smut diseases of jola (Sorghum vulgare). Mysore Agric. Cal. Year Book. pp. 188-190.
  8. Gothwal, B. D. (1972). Effect of loose smut on the growth and morphology of spring wheat. Indian J. Mycol. Pl. Pathol., 2(2): 171.
  9. Grewal, J. S. and Veer, D. (1964). Efficacy of different fungicides – VIII: Field trials for the control of covered smut of barley (Ustilago hordei (Pers.) Lager.). Indian Phytopath. 17: 162-164.
  10. Haq, I. and Khan, S. M. (2000). Effect of fungicides on seed-borne mycoflora and red leaf spot disease of sorghum. Pakistan J. Phytopath., 12(2): 112-114.
  11. Hegde, Y., Anahosur, K. H. and Kulkarni, S. (2000). Chemical control of false smut of rice caused by Claviceps oryzae-Sativa Hashinoka. Karnataka J.Agric.Sci., 13(3): 623-627.
  12. Hegde, Y., Anahosur, K. H. and Kulkarni, S. (2007). Loss assessment, epidemiology, life-cycle and management of false smut of rice (Abstr. Paper). J. Mycol. Pl. Pathol., 37(1): 203-204.
  13. Hiremath, P. C., Channamma, K. A. L. and Khan, A. N. A. (1985). Relative evaluation of some systemic and non-systemic fungicides for the control of smut of ragi. Pesticides, 19: 34-33.
  14. His, C. H. (1958). Environment and sorghum smut. Phytopathol., 48: 22-25.
  15. Jain, A. K. and Tripathi, S. K. (2007). Management of grain smut (Macarpinomyces sharmae) in little millet. Indian Phytopath., 60(4): 467-471.
  16. Jamshiddi, S. and Ghaffari, A. (2007). Effect of some conventional fungicides on control of broomcorn covered smut caused by Sporisorium sorghi in the field. J. New Agric. Sci., 2(5): 13-18.
  17. Kauraw, L. P. (1986). Effect of fungicides on the germination, root/shoot length and incidence of seed borne pathogens in rice. Indian Phytopath., 39: 609-610.
  18. Keszthelyi, S., Kerepesi, I., Pal-Fam, I. and Pozsqal, J. (2008). Study of germination ability and chemical composition of maize seeds affected by hailstorm and common smut [Ustilago maydis (DC.) Corda]. Novenyvedelem, 44(9): 435-439.
  19. Mathura, R. L. and Shegal, S. S. (1964). Fungal microflora of seeds of jowar (Sorghum vulgare), its role in reduced emergence and vigour of seedling and control. Indian Phytopath., 17: 227-233.
  20. Mathura, R. S., Atheya, S. C., Jain, J.S and Mathura, S. C. (1960). Varietal reaction of jowar to grain smut in Uttar Pradesh. Curr. Sci., 29: 402-403.
  21. Mehta, P. R., Babusingh, Mathura, S. C., and Singh, S.B. (1953). Varietal reaction of jowar to grain smut. Nature, 172: 591.
  22. Melchers, L. E. and Johnson (1927). Sulphur and copper carbonate dusts as effective fungicide for the control of millet smut. Phytopathol., 17: 28.
  23. Munghate, A. G. and Raut, J. G. (1982) Effect of nine fungicides against fungi frequently associated with sorghum seed. Pesticides,16: 16-18.
  24. Nazeer Ahmed, N. (1991). Biology of smut fungi of the minor millets Parpalum scrobiculatum Linn. and Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Link. in Karnataka. M.Sc. (Agri). Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci., Bangalore, India.
  25. Nene, Y. L., Saxena, S. C. and Srivastava. L. (1971). Influence of seed treatment on the incidence of loose smut and rust of wheat. Pesticides, 56: 11-13.
  26. Pande, S., Marley, P.S. and Ajayi, O. (1997). Increasing incidence of covered kernel smut of sorghum in Northern Nigeria. International Sorghum and Millet News let., 38: 59-61.
  27. Patil, P. J. and Padule, D. N. (2000). Effects of grain mould fungi on seed germination and seedling vigour index of sorghum seeds var. CSH-9 in western Maharashtra. Seed Res., 28(2): 190-192.
  28. Pawar, M. S., Dang, J. K. and Thakur, D. P. (1988). Chemical control of smut of Pearl millet under different levels of inoculum. Millets Newslet., 7: 28.
  29. Pawar, V. M., Shirshikar, S. P. and Jadhav, G. D. (1985). Effect of some fungicides on seedling emergence and root shoot length in paddy. Seed Res., 13: 10-12.
  30. Phookan, A. K. and Thakur, D. P. (1986). Efficacy of fungitoxicant in controlling smut diseases of pearl millet. Millets Newslet., 5: 21.
  31. Prasad, R. and Singh, H. C. (2000). Chemical management and evaluation of barley lines against covered smut. Ann. Pl. Prot. Sci., 8(1): 104-106.
  32. Rao, S. S. and Ranganathaiah, K. G. (1988). Control of seed borne infection of Dreschlera oryzae in paddy by seed treatment. Seed Res., 16: 193-199.
  33. Raut, J. G. and Wangikar, P. D. (1982). Efficacy of elemental sulphur fungicides in the control of seed- borne fungi of sorghum other than smuts. Pesticides, 16(5): 23-24.
  34. Sampathanna (1989) Studies on smut of navane [Setaria italic (L.) Beaur.] caused by Ustilago crameri (Foern) with special reference to its seed borne nature and cultural aspects. M.Sc. (Agri). Thesis, Uni. Agric. Sci., Bangalore, India.
  35. Shah, E. and Mariappan, V. (1988). Efficacy of new fungicides in the control of sorghum smut in the field. Pesticides, 22(10): 41-42.
  36. Sharma, R. C., Duhan, J. C., Sharma, O. P., Srivastava, J. P., Rai, R. C., Dharamsingh, Vishunavat, K. and Gaur, A. (2007). Efficacy of fungicides against loose smut of wheat under different agroclimatic zones. Seed Res., 35(1): 135-137.
  37. Sharma, R. C., Gill, S. S., and Randhawa, H. S. (1994). Vitavax- an effective seed dresser for combined control of stripe disease and smuts of barley. Seed Res., 22(2): 177-178.
  38. Stone, R. E. (1928) Treatment of millet seed to prevent smut. Sci. Agric., 8: 462.
  39. Yadav, M. S. and Duhan, J. C. (1993). Effect of smut disease on seed yield and quality of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L), R. Br.). Seed Res., 21(1): 59-62.
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    volume 32 issue 3 (september 2011) : 202 - 208

    MANAGEMENT OF GRAIN SMUT IN SEED PRODUCTION OF RABI SORGHUM [SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.)MOENCH.] – A REVIEW

    A
    Ashok S. Sajjan*
    B
    B.B. Patil
    M
    M.M. Jamadar
    S
    Somanagounda B. Patil
    1Department of Seed Science and Technology University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, India

    • Submitted|

    • First Online |

    • doi

    Cite article:- Sajjan* S. Ashok, Patil B.B., Jamadar M.M., Patil B. Somanagounda (2025). MANAGEMENT OF GRAIN SMUT IN SEED PRODUCTION OF RABI SORGHUM [SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.)MOENCH.] – A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 32(3): 202 - 208. doi: .

    ABSTRACT

    The grain smut [Sporisorium sorghi (Link.)Willd] pathogen on sorghum is externally seed borne. The smut sori break during threshing releasing the spores; that adhere to the surface of healthy seeds and remain dormant till next season. The infection takes place before the seedlings emerge out. The conditions suited for delayed germination of seeds favour the smut infection. An attempt has been made to find out the suitable fungicides for the management of grain smut of sorghum. Among the several fungitoxicants reviewed belonging to different groups; the seeds treated with carboxin+thiram (Vitavax power) followed by sulphur @ 3.0 g kg-1 just before sowing recorded significantly higher seed yield and lesser smut incidence and better seed quality parameters.

    REFERENCES

    1. Adlakha, K. L. and Munjal, R. L. (1963). Reaction of some varieties of Sorghum vulgare to Sphacelotheca sorghi (Link). Indian J. Agric. Sci., 33(1): 8-10.
    2. Bagga, P. S. and Kaur, S. (2006). Evaluation of fungicides for controlling false smut (Ustilaginoida virens) of rice. Indian Phytopath., 59(1): 115-117
    3. Bahadur, P. and Sinha, V. C. (1978). Efficacy of bavistin for controlling loose smut of wheat. Pesticides, 9: 31-32.
    4. Bedi, P. S. and Singh, G. (1974). Control of covered smut of barley by seed treatment. Indian Phytopath., 27: 379-381.
    5. Bultler, E. J. (1918). Fungi and Diseases in plants, Published by Thacker Spink and Co., Calcutta. p. 547.
    6. Chahal, S. S. (1986). Yield loss due to smut of pearl millet. Indian Phytopath., 39: 292-293.
    7. Delvi, M. H. (1958). Smut diseases of jola (Sorghum vulgare). Mysore Agric. Cal. Year Book. pp. 188-190.
    8. Gothwal, B. D. (1972). Effect of loose smut on the growth and morphology of spring wheat. Indian J. Mycol. Pl. Pathol., 2(2): 171.
    9. Grewal, J. S. and Veer, D. (1964). Efficacy of different fungicides – VIII: Field trials for the control of covered smut of barley (Ustilago hordei (Pers.) Lager.). Indian Phytopath. 17: 162-164.
    10. Haq, I. and Khan, S. M. (2000). Effect of fungicides on seed-borne mycoflora and red leaf spot disease of sorghum. Pakistan J. Phytopath., 12(2): 112-114.
    11. Hegde, Y., Anahosur, K. H. and Kulkarni, S. (2000). Chemical control of false smut of rice caused by Claviceps oryzae-Sativa Hashinoka. Karnataka J.Agric.Sci., 13(3): 623-627.
    12. Hegde, Y., Anahosur, K. H. and Kulkarni, S. (2007). Loss assessment, epidemiology, life-cycle and management of false smut of rice (Abstr. Paper). J. Mycol. Pl. Pathol., 37(1): 203-204.
    13. Hiremath, P. C., Channamma, K. A. L. and Khan, A. N. A. (1985). Relative evaluation of some systemic and non-systemic fungicides for the control of smut of ragi. Pesticides, 19: 34-33.
    14. His, C. H. (1958). Environment and sorghum smut. Phytopathol., 48: 22-25.
    15. Jain, A. K. and Tripathi, S. K. (2007). Management of grain smut (Macarpinomyces sharmae) in little millet. Indian Phytopath., 60(4): 467-471.
    16. Jamshiddi, S. and Ghaffari, A. (2007). Effect of some conventional fungicides on control of broomcorn covered smut caused by Sporisorium sorghi in the field. J. New Agric. Sci., 2(5): 13-18.
    17. Kauraw, L. P. (1986). Effect of fungicides on the germination, root/shoot length and incidence of seed borne pathogens in rice. Indian Phytopath., 39: 609-610.
    18. Keszthelyi, S., Kerepesi, I., Pal-Fam, I. and Pozsqal, J. (2008). Study of germination ability and chemical composition of maize seeds affected by hailstorm and common smut [Ustilago maydis (DC.) Corda]. Novenyvedelem, 44(9): 435-439.
    19. Mathura, R. L. and Shegal, S. S. (1964). Fungal microflora of seeds of jowar (Sorghum vulgare), its role in reduced emergence and vigour of seedling and control. Indian Phytopath., 17: 227-233.
    20. Mathura, R. S., Atheya, S. C., Jain, J.S and Mathura, S. C. (1960). Varietal reaction of jowar to grain smut in Uttar Pradesh. Curr. Sci., 29: 402-403.
    21. Mehta, P. R., Babusingh, Mathura, S. C., and Singh, S.B. (1953). Varietal reaction of jowar to grain smut. Nature, 172: 591.
    22. Melchers, L. E. and Johnson (1927). Sulphur and copper carbonate dusts as effective fungicide for the control of millet smut. Phytopathol., 17: 28.
    23. Munghate, A. G. and Raut, J. G. (1982) Effect of nine fungicides against fungi frequently associated with sorghum seed. Pesticides,16: 16-18.
    24. Nazeer Ahmed, N. (1991). Biology of smut fungi of the minor millets Parpalum scrobiculatum Linn. and Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Link. in Karnataka. M.Sc. (Agri). Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci., Bangalore, India.
    25. Nene, Y. L., Saxena, S. C. and Srivastava. L. (1971). Influence of seed treatment on the incidence of loose smut and rust of wheat. Pesticides, 56: 11-13.
    26. Pande, S., Marley, P.S. and Ajayi, O. (1997). Increasing incidence of covered kernel smut of sorghum in Northern Nigeria. International Sorghum and Millet News let., 38: 59-61.
    27. Patil, P. J. and Padule, D. N. (2000). Effects of grain mould fungi on seed germination and seedling vigour index of sorghum seeds var. CSH-9 in western Maharashtra. Seed Res., 28(2): 190-192.
    28. Pawar, M. S., Dang, J. K. and Thakur, D. P. (1988). Chemical control of smut of Pearl millet under different levels of inoculum. Millets Newslet., 7: 28.
    29. Pawar, V. M., Shirshikar, S. P. and Jadhav, G. D. (1985). Effect of some fungicides on seedling emergence and root shoot length in paddy. Seed Res., 13: 10-12.
    30. Phookan, A. K. and Thakur, D. P. (1986). Efficacy of fungitoxicant in controlling smut diseases of pearl millet. Millets Newslet., 5: 21.
    31. Prasad, R. and Singh, H. C. (2000). Chemical management and evaluation of barley lines against covered smut. Ann. Pl. Prot. Sci., 8(1): 104-106.
    32. Rao, S. S. and Ranganathaiah, K. G. (1988). Control of seed borne infection of Dreschlera oryzae in paddy by seed treatment. Seed Res., 16: 193-199.
    33. Raut, J. G. and Wangikar, P. D. (1982). Efficacy of elemental sulphur fungicides in the control of seed- borne fungi of sorghum other than smuts. Pesticides, 16(5): 23-24.
    34. Sampathanna (1989) Studies on smut of navane [Setaria italic (L.) Beaur.] caused by Ustilago crameri (Foern) with special reference to its seed borne nature and cultural aspects. M.Sc. (Agri). Thesis, Uni. Agric. Sci., Bangalore, India.
    35. Shah, E. and Mariappan, V. (1988). Efficacy of new fungicides in the control of sorghum smut in the field. Pesticides, 22(10): 41-42.
    36. Sharma, R. C., Duhan, J. C., Sharma, O. P., Srivastava, J. P., Rai, R. C., Dharamsingh, Vishunavat, K. and Gaur, A. (2007). Efficacy of fungicides against loose smut of wheat under different agroclimatic zones. Seed Res., 35(1): 135-137.
    37. Sharma, R. C., Gill, S. S., and Randhawa, H. S. (1994). Vitavax- an effective seed dresser for combined control of stripe disease and smuts of barley. Seed Res., 22(2): 177-178.
    38. Stone, R. E. (1928) Treatment of millet seed to prevent smut. Sci. Agric., 8: 462.
    39. Yadav, M. S. and Duhan, J. C. (1993). Effect of smut disease on seed yield and quality of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L), R. Br.). Seed Res., 21(1): 59-62.
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