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volume 33 issue 3 (september 2012) : 202 - 210

SUGARCANE INDUSTARY WASTE FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION - A REVIEW

J
J. Choudhary
A
A.K. Singh*1
N
Neelam Chaudhary1
1Botany Department, CCS University campus, Meerut-250 001, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Choudhary J., Singh*1 A.K., Chaudhary1 Neelam (2025). SUGARCANE INDUSTARY WASTE FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 33(3): 202 - 210. doi: .

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a general review on sugarcane industry waste to ethanol production, analysis of conversion pathways from technical, economic and environmental points of view in the Indian context. The “bioethanol” represent opportunities to respond to uncertainties about our energy security and the future health of our environment. Ethanol production process consists of three main stages: conversion of biomass to fermentable sugars; fermentation of sugars to ethanol; and separation and purification of the ethanol. Ethanol may be produced using sugarcane bagasse as raw material through the Organosolv (to solubilise lignin and hemicellulose) process with dilute acid hydrolysis, thus increasing ethanol production with the same cultivated sugarcane area. A three-step hydrolysis process (pre-hydrolysis of hemicellulose, Organosolv deligniûcation and cellulose hydrolysis) of surplus sugarcane bagasse is considered. This review revealed that there is abundant opportunity for the wider use of bagasse-based cogeneration in sugarcane-producing countries and to contribute substantially to high efficient energy production.

REFERENCES

  1. Aguilar, R., Ramirez, J. A., Garrote, G. and Vazquez, M. (2002). Kinetic study of the acid hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse. J F Engi, 55:309-318.
  2. Balat, M., Balat, H. and Oz C. (2008). Progress in bioethanol processing. Progress in energy and combustion science, 34:551-573.
  3. Boopathy, R. (2004). Use of post-harvest sugarcane residue in coastal reclamation: A feasibility study. Sugar Cane International, Jan/Feb, 9-13.
  4. Chandel, A. K., Chan, E. S., Rudravaram, R., Lakshmi Narasu, M., Rao, L.V., Ravindra, P. (2007). Economics of environmental impact of bioethanol production technologies: an appraisal. Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Review, 2(1):14-32.
  5. Cheng, K. K., Zhang, J. A., Ling, H. Z., Ping, W. X., Huang, W., Ge, J. P. and Xu, J. M. (2009). Optimization of pH and acetic acid concentration for bioconversion of hemicellulose from corncobs to xylitol by Candida tropicalis. Biochem. Engg. J., 43:203-207.
  6. Dawson, L. and Boopathy, R. (2008). Cellulosic ethanol, bagasse. BioResources, 3(2): 452-460.
  7. Demirbas, A. 2007. Biodiesel from sunflower oil in supercritical methanol with calcium oxide. Energy Conversion and Management, 48:937-941.
  8. Dien, B.S., Jung, H.J.G., Vogel, K.P., Casler, M.D., Lamb, J.A.F.S., Iten, L., Mitchell, R.B., Sarath, G. (2006). Chemicalcomposition and response to diluteacid pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of alfalfa, reed canarygrass and switchgrass. Biomass an BioenergyBiomass and Bioenergy, 30:880-891.
  9. Foody, B. (1988). Ethanol from Biomass: The Factors Affecting it’s Commercial Feasibility. Iogen Corporation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
  10. Gnansounou, E. and Dauriat, A. (2005). Ethanol fuel from biomass: A review. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, 64(11):809-821. 
  11. Gopal, A. R. and Kammen, D. M. (2009). Molasses for ethanol: the economic and environmental impacts of a new pathway for the lifecycle greenhouse gas analysis of sugarcane ethanol. Environmental Research Letters, 4 doi:10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/044005
  12. Hahn-Hagerdal, B., Galbe, M., Gorwa-Grauslund, M. F., Liden, G., Zacchi, G. (2006). Bio-ethanol – the fuel of tomorrow from the residues of today. Trends in Biotechnology, 24:549-556.
  13. Herrera, S. (2004). Industrial biotechnology- a chance at redemption. Nature Biotechnol, 22:671-675.
  14. Huang, H. J., Ramaswamy, S., Tschirner, U. W. and Ramarao, B. V. 2008. A review of separation technologies in current and future biorefineries. Separation and Purification Technology, 62:1-21.
  15. Hugot, E. and Jenkins, G. H. (1986). Handbook of Cane Sugar Engineering. pp 677-679 (New York: Elsevier Science) (Distributors for the United States and Canada) 
  16. Lin, Y. and Tanaka, S. (2006). Ethanol fermentation from biomass resources: Current state and prospects. Applied Microbiology and Biotech, 69(6):627-642.
  17. Lynd, L. R. and Wang, M. Q. (2004). A product-nonspecific framework for evaluating the potential of biomass-based products to displace fossil fuels. J. Industrial Ecology, 7:17-32.
  18. Mantelatto, P. E. (2005). Study of the Crystallization process of impure sucrose solutions from sugarcane by cooling, MSc Dissertation (School of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Portuguese).
  19. Mosier, N., Wyman, C., Dale, B., Elander, R., Lee, Y. Y., Holtzapple, M. and Ladisch, M. (2005). Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresourse Technology, 96:673-686.
  20. Pan, X., Arato, C., Gilkes, N., Gregg, D., Mabee, W., Pye, K., Xiao, Z., Zhang, X. and Saddler, J. (2005). Biorefining ofsoftwoods using ethanol organosolv pulping: preliminary evaluation of process streams for manufacture of fuel-grade ethanol and co-products. Biotec and Bioen, 90:473-481.
  21. Pan, X., Gilkes, N., Kagla, J., Pye, K., Saka, S., Gregg, D., Ehara, K., Xie, D., Lam, D. and Saddler, J. (2006). Bioconversion of hybrid poplar to ethanol and co-products using an organosolv fractionation process: optimization of process yields. Biotec and Bioen, 94:851-861.
  22. Rodrigues, F. A. (2007). Evaluation sugarcane bagasse acid hydrolysis technology, MSc Dissertation (School of Chemical Engineering, State University of Campinas, Portuguese).
  23. Rossell, C. E. V., Lahr Filho, D., Hilst, A. G. P. and Leal, M. R. L. V. (2005). Saccharification of sugarcane bagasse for ethanol production using the Organosolv process. International Sugar Journal, 107:192-195.
  24. Saxena, R. C., Adhikari, D. K. and Goyal, H. B., (2009), Biomass-based energy fuel through biochemical routes: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13:167-178.
  25. Schubert, C. (2006). Can biofules finally take central stage? Nature Biotechnology, 24:777-784.
  26. Sheoran, A., Yadav, B. S., Nigam, P. and Singh, D. (1998). Continuous ethanol production from sugarcane molasses using a column reactor of immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae HAU-1. J. Basic Microbiology, 38:123-128.
  27. Training Manual on Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative: Improving Sugarcane Cultivation in India, An Initiative of ICRISAT- WWF Project, ICRISAT, Patancheru-502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India.
  28. Troiani, E. (2009). Molasses Sugar Content personal communication, A. R. Gopal, Berkeley, CA
  29. Westway Feed. (2002). World Molasses Production from Cane and Beet (Tomball, TX: Westway Feed Corporation) p 8. 
  30. Wooley, R. J. and Putsche, V. (1996). Development of an ASPEN PLUS Physical Property Database for Biofuels Components, Report No. NREL/MP-425-20685 (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado). Available online at: <http://www.p2pays.org/ref/22/21210.pdf www. ethanolindia.net
  31. Wyman, C. (1999). Opportunities and Technological Challenges of Bioethanol. Presentation to the Committee to Review the R&D Strategy for Biomass-Derived Ethanol and Biodiesel Transportation Fuels, Beckman Center, Irvine, California.
  32. Wyman, C. E. and Hinman, N. D. (1990). Ethanol. Fundamentals of production from renewable feedstocks and use as transportation fuel. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 24/25:735-75.
  33. Xiang, Q., Kim, J. S. and Lee, Y. Y. (2003). A comprehensive kinetic model for dilute-acid hydrolysis of cellulose. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 105-108:337-352.
  34. Yu, Z. S., Zang, H. X. (2004). Ethanol fermentation of acid hydrolysed cellulosic pyrolysate with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioresource Technology, 93:199-204.
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    volume 33 issue 3 (september 2012) : 202 - 210

    SUGARCANE INDUSTARY WASTE FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION - A REVIEW

    J
    J. Choudhary
    A
    A.K. Singh*1
    N
    Neelam Chaudhary1
    1Botany Department, CCS University campus, Meerut-250 001, India

    • Submitted|

    • First Online |

    • doi

    Cite article:- Choudhary J., Singh*1 A.K., Chaudhary1 Neelam (2025). SUGARCANE INDUSTARY WASTE FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 33(3): 202 - 210. doi: .

    ABSTRACT

    This paper presents a general review on sugarcane industry waste to ethanol production, analysis of conversion pathways from technical, economic and environmental points of view in the Indian context. The “bioethanol” represent opportunities to respond to uncertainties about our energy security and the future health of our environment. Ethanol production process consists of three main stages: conversion of biomass to fermentable sugars; fermentation of sugars to ethanol; and separation and purification of the ethanol. Ethanol may be produced using sugarcane bagasse as raw material through the Organosolv (to solubilise lignin and hemicellulose) process with dilute acid hydrolysis, thus increasing ethanol production with the same cultivated sugarcane area. A three-step hydrolysis process (pre-hydrolysis of hemicellulose, Organosolv deligniûcation and cellulose hydrolysis) of surplus sugarcane bagasse is considered. This review revealed that there is abundant opportunity for the wider use of bagasse-based cogeneration in sugarcane-producing countries and to contribute substantially to high efficient energy production.

    REFERENCES

    1. Aguilar, R., Ramirez, J. A., Garrote, G. and Vazquez, M. (2002). Kinetic study of the acid hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse. J F Engi, 55:309-318.
    2. Balat, M., Balat, H. and Oz C. (2008). Progress in bioethanol processing. Progress in energy and combustion science, 34:551-573.
    3. Boopathy, R. (2004). Use of post-harvest sugarcane residue in coastal reclamation: A feasibility study. Sugar Cane International, Jan/Feb, 9-13.
    4. Chandel, A. K., Chan, E. S., Rudravaram, R., Lakshmi Narasu, M., Rao, L.V., Ravindra, P. (2007). Economics of environmental impact of bioethanol production technologies: an appraisal. Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Review, 2(1):14-32.
    5. Cheng, K. K., Zhang, J. A., Ling, H. Z., Ping, W. X., Huang, W., Ge, J. P. and Xu, J. M. (2009). Optimization of pH and acetic acid concentration for bioconversion of hemicellulose from corncobs to xylitol by Candida tropicalis. Biochem. Engg. J., 43:203-207.
    6. Dawson, L. and Boopathy, R. (2008). Cellulosic ethanol, bagasse. BioResources, 3(2): 452-460.
    7. Demirbas, A. 2007. Biodiesel from sunflower oil in supercritical methanol with calcium oxide. Energy Conversion and Management, 48:937-941.
    8. Dien, B.S., Jung, H.J.G., Vogel, K.P., Casler, M.D., Lamb, J.A.F.S., Iten, L., Mitchell, R.B., Sarath, G. (2006). Chemicalcomposition and response to diluteacid pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of alfalfa, reed canarygrass and switchgrass. Biomass an BioenergyBiomass and Bioenergy, 30:880-891.
    9. Foody, B. (1988). Ethanol from Biomass: The Factors Affecting it’s Commercial Feasibility. Iogen Corporation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
    10. Gnansounou, E. and Dauriat, A. (2005). Ethanol fuel from biomass: A review. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, 64(11):809-821. 
    11. Gopal, A. R. and Kammen, D. M. (2009). Molasses for ethanol: the economic and environmental impacts of a new pathway for the lifecycle greenhouse gas analysis of sugarcane ethanol. Environmental Research Letters, 4 doi:10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/044005
    12. Hahn-Hagerdal, B., Galbe, M., Gorwa-Grauslund, M. F., Liden, G., Zacchi, G. (2006). Bio-ethanol – the fuel of tomorrow from the residues of today. Trends in Biotechnology, 24:549-556.
    13. Herrera, S. (2004). Industrial biotechnology- a chance at redemption. Nature Biotechnol, 22:671-675.
    14. Huang, H. J., Ramaswamy, S., Tschirner, U. W. and Ramarao, B. V. 2008. A review of separation technologies in current and future biorefineries. Separation and Purification Technology, 62:1-21.
    15. Hugot, E. and Jenkins, G. H. (1986). Handbook of Cane Sugar Engineering. pp 677-679 (New York: Elsevier Science) (Distributors for the United States and Canada) 
    16. Lin, Y. and Tanaka, S. (2006). Ethanol fermentation from biomass resources: Current state and prospects. Applied Microbiology and Biotech, 69(6):627-642.
    17. Lynd, L. R. and Wang, M. Q. (2004). A product-nonspecific framework for evaluating the potential of biomass-based products to displace fossil fuels. J. Industrial Ecology, 7:17-32.
    18. Mantelatto, P. E. (2005). Study of the Crystallization process of impure sucrose solutions from sugarcane by cooling, MSc Dissertation (School of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Portuguese).
    19. Mosier, N., Wyman, C., Dale, B., Elander, R., Lee, Y. Y., Holtzapple, M. and Ladisch, M. (2005). Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresourse Technology, 96:673-686.
    20. Pan, X., Arato, C., Gilkes, N., Gregg, D., Mabee, W., Pye, K., Xiao, Z., Zhang, X. and Saddler, J. (2005). Biorefining ofsoftwoods using ethanol organosolv pulping: preliminary evaluation of process streams for manufacture of fuel-grade ethanol and co-products. Biotec and Bioen, 90:473-481.
    21. Pan, X., Gilkes, N., Kagla, J., Pye, K., Saka, S., Gregg, D., Ehara, K., Xie, D., Lam, D. and Saddler, J. (2006). Bioconversion of hybrid poplar to ethanol and co-products using an organosolv fractionation process: optimization of process yields. Biotec and Bioen, 94:851-861.
    22. Rodrigues, F. A. (2007). Evaluation sugarcane bagasse acid hydrolysis technology, MSc Dissertation (School of Chemical Engineering, State University of Campinas, Portuguese).
    23. Rossell, C. E. V., Lahr Filho, D., Hilst, A. G. P. and Leal, M. R. L. V. (2005). Saccharification of sugarcane bagasse for ethanol production using the Organosolv process. International Sugar Journal, 107:192-195.
    24. Saxena, R. C., Adhikari, D. K. and Goyal, H. B., (2009), Biomass-based energy fuel through biochemical routes: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13:167-178.
    25. Schubert, C. (2006). Can biofules finally take central stage? Nature Biotechnology, 24:777-784.
    26. Sheoran, A., Yadav, B. S., Nigam, P. and Singh, D. (1998). Continuous ethanol production from sugarcane molasses using a column reactor of immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae HAU-1. J. Basic Microbiology, 38:123-128.
    27. Training Manual on Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative: Improving Sugarcane Cultivation in India, An Initiative of ICRISAT- WWF Project, ICRISAT, Patancheru-502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India.
    28. Troiani, E. (2009). Molasses Sugar Content personal communication, A. R. Gopal, Berkeley, CA
    29. Westway Feed. (2002). World Molasses Production from Cane and Beet (Tomball, TX: Westway Feed Corporation) p 8. 
    30. Wooley, R. J. and Putsche, V. (1996). Development of an ASPEN PLUS Physical Property Database for Biofuels Components, Report No. NREL/MP-425-20685 (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado). Available online at: <http://www.p2pays.org/ref/22/21210.pdf www. ethanolindia.net
    31. Wyman, C. (1999). Opportunities and Technological Challenges of Bioethanol. Presentation to the Committee to Review the R&D Strategy for Biomass-Derived Ethanol and Biodiesel Transportation Fuels, Beckman Center, Irvine, California.
    32. Wyman, C. E. and Hinman, N. D. (1990). Ethanol. Fundamentals of production from renewable feedstocks and use as transportation fuel. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 24/25:735-75.
    33. Xiang, Q., Kim, J. S. and Lee, Y. Y. (2003). A comprehensive kinetic model for dilute-acid hydrolysis of cellulose. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 105-108:337-352.
    34. Yu, Z. S., Zang, H. X. (2004). Ethanol fermentation of acid hydrolysed cellulosic pyrolysate with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioresource Technology, 93:199-204.
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