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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 21 issue 4 (december 2000) : 223-230

WATER MANAGEMENT IN CITRUS - A REVIEW

P
P.S.Shirgure
A
A.K.Srivastava
S
Shyarn Singh
1National Research Centre for Citrus, Amravati Road, Nagpur 440010, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- P.S.Shirgure, A.K.Srivastava, Singh Shyarn (2025). WATER MANAGEMENT IN CITRUS - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 21(4): 223-230. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Irrigation management is one of the prime concerns of modem citriculture irrespective of water resource availability. A variety of recommendations have emerged world over on irrigation scheduling based on analysis of meterological parameters, evapo-transpiration, depletion of available water content, soil and leaf water potential. The review of literature has revealed best promising results on irrigation scheduling based on depletion pattern of soil available water content. Various micro-irrigation systems have established their superiority over traditionally used flood irrigation with microjets having little edge over rest of the others. Similarly, fertigation has shown good responses on growth, yield, quality and uniform distribution pattern of applied nutrients within the rootzone compared to band placement involving comparatively localized fertilization. Automated fertigation in citrus orchards is a new concept, which would be the only solitary choice amongst many irrigation monitoring methods in near future.

KEYWORDS

    REFERENCES

    1. Auktar, VN. et al. (1988). Ann. PI. PhysioL 2(2) : 219 -222.
    2. Autkar,VN. eta!. ~989). Ann.PI. Physiol.j 3 (10): 74.
    3. Azzena, M. etal. (1988). Proc. Sixth Int. Citrus Cong, Tel Aviv, Israel, Vol. 2: 747-751.
    4. Barbera, G. and Carimin, F. (1988). Sixth Int. Citrus Cong, Tel Aviv Isreal, Vol. 2: n 7- 722.
    5. Beridze, T.R. (1990). Sub tropicheskie Kul'tury, No.3: 83-86.
    6. Bi~lorai, H. et al. (1984). Proc. Int. Soc. of Citriculture, 1: 118-120.
    7. VoL21, No. 4,2000 229
    8. Capra, A and Nicosia, O.U.D. (1987). Irrigazine, 34(1):3-15.
    9. Castel, J.R.and Buj,A. (1990). Irrig. Sci.; 11 : 121-127.
    10. Cevik, B. and Yazar, A. (1985). Doga Bilim Dergisi, 9: 419-424.
    11. Cevik, B. et ai. (1987). Doga, Tarum ve, Ormaniciuk, 11(1): 42-43.
    12. Dass H.C. (1989). in: Citrus shows cum seminar, Jan 6-7.
    13. Faton, J. (1970). Citrograph, 55: 173-175.
    14. Ferguson, J.J. et al . (1990). Proc. of FlaT. Stat. Hart. Sci., 103: 8-9.
    15. Fouche, P.S. and Bester, D.H. (1987). Citrus and Sub-tropical Fruit J., 62: 8-12.
    16. Fritz, W.D. (1970). RUHR, Stick stoffAG., Bochum.
    17. Gangwar, L.S. et al. (1997). Proceedings of National Symposium on Citriculture NRCC, Nagpur.
    18. Ghadekar, et at. (1989). PKVRes. J. 13 (2) : 143 - 148. •
    19. Grieve, A.M. (1988). Proc. 4th Int. micro-irrigation congress,. Albury- Nodonga, Australia Vo1.2.
    20. Hashemi, F and Gerber, J.F (1967). Pro. Am.Soci Hart. Sci., 916 :173 - 9.
    21. Haynes, RJ. (1985). Fert. Res., 6: 235-255.
    22. Haynes, RJ. (1988). Scientia Hortic., 35: 189-198.
    23. Hilgeman, RH. and Hewland, L.H. (1955). Proc. Agric. Arizona, 7:10-11.
    24. lntrigliolo, F and Raciti, G. (1989). Irrigazione and Drenaggio, 36(2): 25-27.
    25. Kelin, I. (1983). Hart. Sci. 18 : 942 -944.
    26. Koo, RC.J (1968). Proc. First Int. Citrus Symp. Riverside, 1968, P - 269.
    27. Koo, RC.J. (1981). Proc. Florida State Hart. Sci., 93: 33-36.
    28. Koo, RC.J. and Smjstrala, AG. (1984). Proc. Florida State Hart. Sci, 91:8-10.
    29. ~l, H. etal. (1997). Indian J. Soil. Conserv., 25 (3) : 222-227.
    30. Leyden, RF (1977). Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture.3 : 1037 - 1039.
    31. Louse Ferguson. (1990). Citrus Research Centre and Agricultural Station, University of California
    32. Riverside., p: 20-22.
    33. Mageed, KJA et al . (1988). Indian. J. Agric. Sci., 58 (6) : 284-S6.
    34. Makhija, M. et al. (1986). South Indian Horti., ~4 (3) : 129.
    35. Marler, T.E. and Davies, FS. (1989). Proc.Flo.State. Hart. Sci., 102: 57-60.
    36. Marler, T.E. and Davies, RS. (1990). J. Am. Soc. Hart Sci., 115 : 45-51.
    37. Moreshet, S. et aJ. (1983). Irrig.Science, 3: 223 - 236.
    38. Nielsen, G.H. et aJ. (1993). J.Am.Soc.Hort. Sci., 118: 50-53.
    39. Ozsan, M. et aJ. (1983). Doga Bilim Dergisi Dz, Tarim Ve Ormancilik, 7(1): 63-69.
    40. Plessis, S.FDu. (1985). Citrus and Sub Tropical Fruit J., 614: 12.
    41. Plessis, S.FDu. (1987). South African J. Plant a1'Jd Soil, 4 (1) : 12.
    42. Plessis, S.FDu. (1988). Proc. Sixth In. Citrus Congress, Tel Aviv, Isreal, 988,P-731.
    43. Plessiss, S.FDu. (1989). Water Irrig. Rev, 9(4) : 4 - 6.
    44. Pyle, KR (1985). Citrus and Subtropical FruitJ., 612: 4-7.
    45. Raciti, G. and Sckderi, A (1977). Proc. Int. Sod Citriculture, 3: 1040-1045.
    46. Raciti, G. and Barbagallo, A. (1982). Infolmatore Agravio, 38(41) : 22887-22891.
    47. Rajput, RK (1989). Sixth Binenial Workshop AICRP on Fruits. Tirupati, India.
    48. Randhawa, G. S. et al. (1960). IIJdian. J. Hart., 7: 246-249.
    49. Ray, PK and Sharma, B.B. (1990). Indian. J.Hort.; 47 : 291 - 296.
    50. Ray, PK et aJ.U990). South Indian. Hart., 38 (3): 123-128.
    51. Reitz, H.J. (1968). Citrus Indian.,1968, 49 (10) : 4 - 6.
    52. Richards, S.J. and Warnke, J.E.(1968). Calif Citrogr.,53:378-384.
    53. Richard E.C et aJ. (1996). Hart. Science., 3'1(3): 370-375
    54. Rondey, D.R et al. (1977). Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture, 1: 106-110.
    55. Rumayor-Rodriguez, A etal. (1991). Scientia Hortic., 47:67-75.
    56. Sanehez Blenco, M.J. et aJ. (1989). Pl. Soil, 120: 299 - 302.
    57. Scuderi,A. and Raciti,G. (1978). Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture, p-244.
    58. 230 AGRICULTURAL REVIEWS
    59. . Shirgure, P. S. et ai. (1998). Abst. National Seminar on Water Mamfgement, for Sustainable Agriculture
    60. Problems and Perspectives for 21st century held at,WTC, IARI, New Delhi from 15 -17th April
    61. 1998 p-30.
    62. Shirgure, P. S. et ai. (1998). Abst. National Seminar on Water Management, WTC, !ARI, New Delhi
    63. p-27.
    64. Shirgure, P. S. et aL (1998). Abst. Seminar on New Horizons in Production and Post-haJvest Management.
    65. Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, !ARl, New Delhi.
    66. Shirgure, P. S. et aJ. (1999). Indian Soil Conserv 27 :45 - 49.
    67. Shirgure, P. S. et al (1999). Abst. International Symposium on CitriciJIture held at NRCC, Nagpur, . . th
    68. from 23 27 Nov., 1999 p-36.
    69. Shirgure, P. ~S. et aL(1999). Abst. International Symposium on Citriculture held at NRCC, Nagpur
    70. 1999 p-74. " .
    71. Shirgure, P. S. etal. (2000 a). IndianJ. Agric. Sci. 70:125-127.
    72. Shirgure, P: S. etai. (2000 b). Abst. Infernational Conference on Micro and Sprinkler Irrigation Systems.,
    73. Jalgaon p-45.
    74. Shirgure, P. S. et.ai. ( 2000 c). Indian J. Agric. Sci, 70 :173- 6.
    75. Simpson, G.H. (1978) Proc. Int. Soc.Citriculture, p-234-235.
    76. Slack, J. etaJ. (1978). Proc. Int. Soc. ofCitriciJIture, 1978.
    77. §majstrla, AG. etai. (1984). Am. Soc. Agric.Engrs., 84:2107.
    78. 5majstrla,AG. and Koo, R.C,J.(1984).Proc. ·RoridaSt. Hort. Soc.,97:3-7.
    79. Smajstrla , AG. et ai . (1986). Proc. Rorida St. Holt. Soci., 98: 25.
    80. Smajstrla, AG.(1993). Hort.Sci., 28 :295-298.
    81. Smith, MW. et ai. (1979). J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 104: 311-313.
    82. Stolzy, L.H. etal. (1963). Proc. Am. Soci. Hort. Sci., 82 :119-123.
    83. Syvertsen, J. P. and Smith, ML (1996). J. Am.Soc.Hort.Sci., 121(1): 57-62.
    84. Tash be kov, Kh. K. et aL (1986). Tekhnologiya orosheniya; programmirovanie Urozhaya, Moscow,
    85. USSR, 1986, 147 - 150.
    86. Toledo, P. et al. (~982). Ciencia y Tecniica enla Agricultura Riego '/ Drenaje, 5 (1) : 17 - 30.
    87. Zekri,M. and Parsons, L.R.(1989). J.Am. Soc. Horti.Sci.,114:25-29
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      volume 21 issue 4 (december 2000) : 223-230

      WATER MANAGEMENT IN CITRUS - A REVIEW

      P
      P.S.Shirgure
      A
      A.K.Srivastava
      S
      Shyarn Singh
      1National Research Centre for Citrus, Amravati Road, Nagpur 440010, India

      • Submitted|

      • First Online |

      • doi

      Cite article:- P.S.Shirgure, A.K.Srivastava, Singh Shyarn (2025). WATER MANAGEMENT IN CITRUS - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 21(4): 223-230. doi: .

      ABSTRACT

      Irrigation management is one of the prime concerns of modem citriculture irrespective of water resource availability. A variety of recommendations have emerged world over on irrigation scheduling based on analysis of meterological parameters, evapo-transpiration, depletion of available water content, soil and leaf water potential. The review of literature has revealed best promising results on irrigation scheduling based on depletion pattern of soil available water content. Various micro-irrigation systems have established their superiority over traditionally used flood irrigation with microjets having little edge over rest of the others. Similarly, fertigation has shown good responses on growth, yield, quality and uniform distribution pattern of applied nutrients within the rootzone compared to band placement involving comparatively localized fertilization. Automated fertigation in citrus orchards is a new concept, which would be the only solitary choice amongst many irrigation monitoring methods in near future.

      KEYWORDS

        REFERENCES

        1. Auktar, VN. et al. (1988). Ann. PI. PhysioL 2(2) : 219 -222.
        2. Autkar,VN. eta!. ~989). Ann.PI. Physiol.j 3 (10): 74.
        3. Azzena, M. etal. (1988). Proc. Sixth Int. Citrus Cong, Tel Aviv, Israel, Vol. 2: 747-751.
        4. Barbera, G. and Carimin, F. (1988). Sixth Int. Citrus Cong, Tel Aviv Isreal, Vol. 2: n 7- 722.
        5. Beridze, T.R. (1990). Sub tropicheskie Kul'tury, No.3: 83-86.
        6. Bi~lorai, H. et al. (1984). Proc. Int. Soc. of Citriculture, 1: 118-120.
        7. VoL21, No. 4,2000 229
        8. Capra, A and Nicosia, O.U.D. (1987). Irrigazine, 34(1):3-15.
        9. Castel, J.R.and Buj,A. (1990). Irrig. Sci.; 11 : 121-127.
        10. Cevik, B. and Yazar, A. (1985). Doga Bilim Dergisi, 9: 419-424.
        11. Cevik, B. et ai. (1987). Doga, Tarum ve, Ormaniciuk, 11(1): 42-43.
        12. Dass H.C. (1989). in: Citrus shows cum seminar, Jan 6-7.
        13. Faton, J. (1970). Citrograph, 55: 173-175.
        14. Ferguson, J.J. et al . (1990). Proc. of FlaT. Stat. Hart. Sci., 103: 8-9.
        15. Fouche, P.S. and Bester, D.H. (1987). Citrus and Sub-tropical Fruit J., 62: 8-12.
        16. Fritz, W.D. (1970). RUHR, Stick stoffAG., Bochum.
        17. Gangwar, L.S. et al. (1997). Proceedings of National Symposium on Citriculture NRCC, Nagpur.
        18. Ghadekar, et at. (1989). PKVRes. J. 13 (2) : 143 - 148. •
        19. Grieve, A.M. (1988). Proc. 4th Int. micro-irrigation congress,. Albury- Nodonga, Australia Vo1.2.
        20. Hashemi, F and Gerber, J.F (1967). Pro. Am.Soci Hart. Sci., 916 :173 - 9.
        21. Haynes, RJ. (1985). Fert. Res., 6: 235-255.
        22. Haynes, RJ. (1988). Scientia Hortic., 35: 189-198.
        23. Hilgeman, RH. and Hewland, L.H. (1955). Proc. Agric. Arizona, 7:10-11.
        24. lntrigliolo, F and Raciti, G. (1989). Irrigazione and Drenaggio, 36(2): 25-27.
        25. Kelin, I. (1983). Hart. Sci. 18 : 942 -944.
        26. Koo, RC.J (1968). Proc. First Int. Citrus Symp. Riverside, 1968, P - 269.
        27. Koo, RC.J. (1981). Proc. Florida State Hart. Sci., 93: 33-36.
        28. Koo, RC.J. and Smjstrala, AG. (1984). Proc. Florida State Hart. Sci, 91:8-10.
        29. ~l, H. etal. (1997). Indian J. Soil. Conserv., 25 (3) : 222-227.
        30. Leyden, RF (1977). Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture.3 : 1037 - 1039.
        31. Louse Ferguson. (1990). Citrus Research Centre and Agricultural Station, University of California
        32. Riverside., p: 20-22.
        33. Mageed, KJA et al . (1988). Indian. J. Agric. Sci., 58 (6) : 284-S6.
        34. Makhija, M. et al. (1986). South Indian Horti., ~4 (3) : 129.
        35. Marler, T.E. and Davies, FS. (1989). Proc.Flo.State. Hart. Sci., 102: 57-60.
        36. Marler, T.E. and Davies, RS. (1990). J. Am. Soc. Hart Sci., 115 : 45-51.
        37. Moreshet, S. et aJ. (1983). Irrig.Science, 3: 223 - 236.
        38. Nielsen, G.H. et aJ. (1993). J.Am.Soc.Hort. Sci., 118: 50-53.
        39. Ozsan, M. et aJ. (1983). Doga Bilim Dergisi Dz, Tarim Ve Ormancilik, 7(1): 63-69.
        40. Plessis, S.FDu. (1985). Citrus and Sub Tropical Fruit J., 614: 12.
        41. Plessis, S.FDu. (1987). South African J. Plant a1'Jd Soil, 4 (1) : 12.
        42. Plessis, S.FDu. (1988). Proc. Sixth In. Citrus Congress, Tel Aviv, Isreal, 988,P-731.
        43. Plessiss, S.FDu. (1989). Water Irrig. Rev, 9(4) : 4 - 6.
        44. Pyle, KR (1985). Citrus and Subtropical FruitJ., 612: 4-7.
        45. Raciti, G. and Sckderi, A (1977). Proc. Int. Sod Citriculture, 3: 1040-1045.
        46. Raciti, G. and Barbagallo, A. (1982). Infolmatore Agravio, 38(41) : 22887-22891.
        47. Rajput, RK (1989). Sixth Binenial Workshop AICRP on Fruits. Tirupati, India.
        48. Randhawa, G. S. et al. (1960). IIJdian. J. Hart., 7: 246-249.
        49. Ray, PK and Sharma, B.B. (1990). Indian. J.Hort.; 47 : 291 - 296.
        50. Ray, PK et aJ.U990). South Indian. Hart., 38 (3): 123-128.
        51. Reitz, H.J. (1968). Citrus Indian.,1968, 49 (10) : 4 - 6.
        52. Richards, S.J. and Warnke, J.E.(1968). Calif Citrogr.,53:378-384.
        53. Richard E.C et aJ. (1996). Hart. Science., 3'1(3): 370-375
        54. Rondey, D.R et al. (1977). Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture, 1: 106-110.
        55. Rumayor-Rodriguez, A etal. (1991). Scientia Hortic., 47:67-75.
        56. Sanehez Blenco, M.J. et aJ. (1989). Pl. Soil, 120: 299 - 302.
        57. Scuderi,A. and Raciti,G. (1978). Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture, p-244.
        58. 230 AGRICULTURAL REVIEWS
        59. . Shirgure, P. S. et ai. (1998). Abst. National Seminar on Water Mamfgement, for Sustainable Agriculture
        60. Problems and Perspectives for 21st century held at,WTC, IARI, New Delhi from 15 -17th April
        61. 1998 p-30.
        62. Shirgure, P. S. et ai. (1998). Abst. National Seminar on Water Management, WTC, !ARI, New Delhi
        63. p-27.
        64. Shirgure, P. S. et aL (1998). Abst. Seminar on New Horizons in Production and Post-haJvest Management.
        65. Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, !ARl, New Delhi.
        66. Shirgure, P. S. et aJ. (1999). Indian Soil Conserv 27 :45 - 49.
        67. Shirgure, P. S. et al (1999). Abst. International Symposium on CitriciJIture held at NRCC, Nagpur, . . th
        68. from 23 27 Nov., 1999 p-36.
        69. Shirgure, P. ~S. et aL(1999). Abst. International Symposium on Citriculture held at NRCC, Nagpur
        70. 1999 p-74. " .
        71. Shirgure, P. S. etal. (2000 a). IndianJ. Agric. Sci. 70:125-127.
        72. Shirgure, P: S. etai. (2000 b). Abst. Infernational Conference on Micro and Sprinkler Irrigation Systems.,
        73. Jalgaon p-45.
        74. Shirgure, P. S. et.ai. ( 2000 c). Indian J. Agric. Sci, 70 :173- 6.
        75. Simpson, G.H. (1978) Proc. Int. Soc.Citriculture, p-234-235.
        76. Slack, J. etaJ. (1978). Proc. Int. Soc. ofCitriciJIture, 1978.
        77. §majstrla, AG. etai. (1984). Am. Soc. Agric.Engrs., 84:2107.
        78. 5majstrla,AG. and Koo, R.C,J.(1984).Proc. ·RoridaSt. Hort. Soc.,97:3-7.
        79. Smajstrla , AG. et ai . (1986). Proc. Rorida St. Holt. Soci., 98: 25.
        80. Smajstrla, AG.(1993). Hort.Sci., 28 :295-298.
        81. Smith, MW. et ai. (1979). J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 104: 311-313.
        82. Stolzy, L.H. etal. (1963). Proc. Am. Soci. Hort. Sci., 82 :119-123.
        83. Syvertsen, J. P. and Smith, ML (1996). J. Am.Soc.Hort.Sci., 121(1): 57-62.
        84. Tash be kov, Kh. K. et aL (1986). Tekhnologiya orosheniya; programmirovanie Urozhaya, Moscow,
        85. USSR, 1986, 147 - 150.
        86. Toledo, P. et al. (~982). Ciencia y Tecniica enla Agricultura Riego '/ Drenaje, 5 (1) : 17 - 30.
        87. Zekri,M. and Parsons, L.R.(1989). J.Am. Soc. Horti.Sci.,114:25-29
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