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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 21 issue 3 (september 2000) : 141-154

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF FRENCH BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGAR/SL.) CULTIVATION: A REVIEW

V
Virender Sardana
K
K.K. Dhingrae
M
M.S. Gille
I
Ioder Jit Singh
1PAU. Regional Research Station, Gurdaspur-143 521,India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Sardana Virender, Dhingrae K.K., Gille M.S., Singh Jit Ioder (2025). PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF FRENCH BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGAR/SL.) CULTIVATION: A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 21(3): 141-154. doi: .

ABSTRACT

This article reviews the research work done in India on various agronomic aspects of French bean cultivation. It has been found that sowing time differs greatly in different agroclimatic conditions. It is sown from March to October in different parts of the country. Similarly, different varieties are recommended for different regions. While PDR 14 (Uday) is the most suited variety in north-eastern plains during winter season, VL 63 gives higher yield in central zone during winters and in the hills when grown in summer/rainy season. Him 1 due to its short duration performs well in Haryana and Punjab conditions as it matures before the occurrence of frost. Desired plant population can be maintained by using seed rate of 100–150 kg/ha and row to row spacing of 30–45 cm depending upon location and whether the crop is meant for dry seeds or green pods. Since it does not nodulate with the help of native rhizobia, it responds to heavy doses of nitrogen. Its higher yield can be obtained with application of nitrogen upto 120 kg/ha and phosphorus upto 60 kg/ha. For successful cultivation, it requires assured (light but frequent) irrigations. It requires 3–4 irrigation with irrigation at 25 days after sowing being the most critical. Irrigation at IW: CPE ratio of 0.75 has been recommended. Weeds can be effectively controlled by hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 days after sowing or pre-emergence application of 0.75–1.0 kg/ha of pendimethalin 30 EC. Bean mosaic virus can be controlled by spraying Rogor 30 EC of Nuvacron 36 EC @ 1 ml/litre of water. French bean can also be grown as inter crop with potato during winter season.

KEYWORDS

    REFERENCES

    1. Adams, MW., et a/. (1985) In: Grain Legume Crops (oos. Summerfiled, RJ. and Roberts. E.H.) Williams Collins
    2. Sons & Co. Ltd. London, pp. 391-432.
    3. Ahlawat, I.P.S (1996). Indian J. agric. Sci. 66 : 338-342.
    4. Ahlawat, I.P.S. (1998). Indian J. Agron. 43 : 45-49.
    5. Ahlawat, I.P.S. and Sharma, RP. (1989) Indian J. Agron., 34 : 70-74.
    6. AICPIP. (1988). Consolidated report on rabi pulses. Rabi pulses workshop held at Punjabrao Krishi Vidyapeeth,
    7. Akola, September 65-67 pp.
    8. Ali, M. (1988) Indian J. agric. Sci., 58 : 440-443.
    9. Ali, M. (1988) IndianJ. Pulses Res., 2: 57-63.
    10. Ali, M. and Kushwaha, RB. (1987) Indian Farming, 37 (5) : 20-23.
    11. Ali, M. and Lal, S. (1991). Rabi rajmash-Potentials, Limitations and technology of production. Technical Bulletin
    12. No.3; Directorate of Pulses Research Kanpur. p. 18.
    13. Ali, M. and Lal, S. (1992). Indian Farming. 42(7) : 25-26.
    14. Ali, M. and Tripathi, A. (1988).lndianJ. Agric. Sci. 58: 263-267.
    15. Allen, Rand Obura, RK (1983). Agron. J., 75 : 1005-1009.
    16. Appadurai, RR etal. (1967).lndianJ. Agric. Sci. 37: 22-26.
    17. Aykroyd, WoR and Doughty, Joyce. (1973). FAO Nutrition Studies No. 19.
    18. Baboo, R. etal. (1998). Ann. Agric. Res., 19: 81-82.
    19. Badiyala, D. et al. (1992). Indian J. Pulses Res., 5 : 149-152.
    20. Barber, S.A. (1967). Agronomy Monograph 12, American Society of Agronomy, Madison Wisconsin, U.S.A.
    21. Bhardwaj, C.L. et a/. (1994). Indian J. Agric. Sci. 64 : 336-338.
    22. Chakor, I.S. et a/. (1992). Indian J. Agron., 37 : 590-591.
    23. Chandra, R eta/. (1987). HaryanaJ. Hort. Sci.. 16: 145-147.
    24. Chandra, S. and Ali, M. (1986). TechnicarBulletin No.1. Directorate of Pulses Research, Kanpur.pp.14-15.
    25. Chatterjee, B.N. and Bhattacharya. KK (1986). Principles and Practices of Grain Legume Production. Oxford &
    26. IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi. p. 492.
    27. Chatterjee, R arid Som. M.G. (1991). Crop Res. (Hisar), 4 : 214-217.
    28. Chung, J.H. and Goulden, D.S. (1971). New Zealand J. Agric. Res. 14 : 227-234.
    29. Coyne. D.P. (1968). Agron. J. 51: 515-518.
    30. Dahatonde, B.N. and Nalamwar, RN. (1996)./ndianJ. Agron., 41: 265-268.
    31. Danu, N.S. eta/. (1984). Prog. Hort. 16: ;331-336,
    32. D'Souza, H.A ,md Couldcin. C.L (1988). TropicalAgric. 65: 179-181.
    33. Vol. 21, No.3, 2000 153
    34. Duarte, R.A. and Adams, MW. (1972) Crop Sci., 12 : 579-582.
    35. DwIvedi, D.K. et al. (1994). Indian J. Agron. 39 : 581-583.
    36. Empig, L.T. and Aday, BA (1963). Phill. Agric., 47 : 12-22..
    37. Gupta: P.K. et al. (1996). Indian J. Agric. Sci., 66 : 343-347.
    38. Hegde, D.M. and Srinivas, K (1989). Indian J. Agron., 34 : 180-184.
    39. Herath, H.M.E. and Wahab, M.N.J. (1984). TropicalAgriculturist, 15 : 83-98.
    40. Jadhav, S.L. (1993). Indian J. Agron., 38: 674-675.
    41. Kavamhanga, F. etal (1995). TropAgric. (Trinidad), 72 : 251-260.
    42. Kay, D.E. (1979) Digest No.3-Food Legumes. p. 127.
    43. Koli, B.D. et al (1996). Agric. Sci. Digest, 16(1) : 45-46.
    44. Kumar, S. et al. (1997) Indian J. Weed Sci., 29 (1&2) : 8-10.
    45. Kushwaha, B.L. (l991l./ndianJ. Pulses Res., 4: 217-218.
    46. Kushwaha, B.L. (1994). Indian J. Agron. 39 : 34-37.
    47. Kushwaha. B.L. and Ali; M. (1991). Indian J. Pulses Res., 4 : 107-108.
    48. Mathew, etal. (1996). Kisan Workt, 23 (3) : 55-56.
    49. Mech. H.J. (1983). J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 108 : 573-574.
    50. Miller, A.A. and Gardener, W.R. (1972). Agron. J., 64 : 559-562.
    51. Mishra. H.N. et al. (1998). Ann. Agric. Res. 19 : 83-84.
    52. Mishra, P.J. eta/. (1998a). Workt Weeds, 5 : 143-146.
    53. Mishra, P.J. etm. (1998b).lndianJ. Weeds Sci. 30: 220-221.
    54. Mishra, S.S. et a/. (1999). 8th Biennial Coni. Indian Soc. Weed Sci. Held at BHU, Varanasi From Feb., 5-7. p. 61.
    55. Mohan, N. eta/. (1995). Legume Res. 18: 215-216.
    56. Nandan, R. and Prasad, U.K. (1998). Indian J. Agron. 43 : 550-554.
    57. Nandi, A. et a/. (1995). Legume Res. 18 : 220~222.
    58. Pande, G.K. eta/. (1974). Prog. Hort. 6: 41-48.
    59. Parthlbhan, S. and Thamburaj, S. (1991). South Asian Hort. 39 : 137-138.
    60. P1nchlnot, A.M. and Adams, M.W. (1966). Jurri~/ba, 16 : 247-252.
    61. Prakash, KS. and Ram, Hari Har. (1981). Indian J. Agric. Sci. 51 : 76-80.
    62. Quinones, FA (1965). Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 86 : 368-372.
    63. Ramachandra Rao, A. etal. (1997). Indian J. Weed Sci. 29 (3&4) : 110-114.
    64. Rana, N.S. and Singh, R. (1998).lndianJ. Agron. 43: 367-370.
    65. Rima, N.S. eta/.(1998). Indian J. Agron. 43 : 114-117.
    66. Rangaswamy, G. (1975). Diseases of Crop Plants in India. Prentice Hall oOndia Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
    67. RohiUa, P.p. and BUJarbaruah (1999). Indian Farming, 49 (5) : 6-8.
    68. Roy Sharma, R.P. eta/. (1990). IndianJ. Pulses Res., 3: 142-147.
    69. Sahu,J.P. eta/. (1995); IndianJ. Pulses Res. 8: 25-28.
    70. Saini, J.P. and Neg!, S.C. (1998). Indian J. Agron. 43 : 110-113.
    71. Samal, KM. et aI. (1995). Legume Res. 18 : 223-227.
    72. Saxena, K..K. and Verma, V.S. (1994).·Haryana J. Agron. 10 : 211-214.
    73. Saxena, KK and Ve~ma V.S. (1995). Indian J. Agron. 40 : 249-252.
    74. Sekhon, H.S. eta/. (1992) Croplmprov., 19 : 139-142.
    75. Setty, M.V.N., eta/. (1973) SABRAO, 2ndGeneralCongress: 269.
    76. Sharma, G.D. and Sharma, J.J. (1999). 8th Biennial Con!. Indian Soc. Weed Sci. held at BHU, Varanasi, Feb,
    77. 5-7. pp. 63
    78. Sharma. R.K. etal. (1976). Prog. Hort., 18 : 65-68.
    79. Sharma. V.K. et al (1997). Indian J. Agron. 42 : 320-322.
    80. Shetter, B.J. et al. (1975). MjISOre, J. Agrlc Sci. 9 : 649-651.
    81. Sil'l9h. B. (1987). IndianJ. Agron., 32 : 233-225.
    82. Singh. D.P.eta/. (1996).lndlanJ. Agron41 : 608-610.
    83. 154 AGRICULTURAL REVIEWS
    84. Singh, G. et al. (1984). Indian J.. Weed Sci. 16 : 124-126.
    85. Singh, G. and Singh, T.P. (1999). Indian J. Agron. 44: 389-391.
    86. Singh Jai, et aI. (1997). Legume Res., 20 : 230-235.
    87. Singh, K. et al. (1996). Fert. News., 41(5) : 39-42.
    88. Singh, M. et aI. (1986). Haryana Kheti, 18(3) : 5.
    89. Singh, R and Singh, DV (1984). Indian J. Agric. Sci. 54 : 491-495.
    90. Singh, RC. and Singh, M. (1987). HAU J. Res.. 17 : 266-268.
    91. Singh, RC. etal. (1992) HAUJ. Res. 22: 31-34.
    92. Singh, S.N. and Ali. M. (1989). In : Proc. NationalSymp. New Frontiers in Pulses Research and Development,
    93. held at Directorate of Pulses Research, Kanpur on 10·12, t~:'\'JemiJ.~r.
    94. Sreelatha, D. et al. (1997). Ann. Agric. Res. 18 : 111-114.
    95. Srivastava, BK and Singh, B.P. (1979). Indian Farmers' Digest 12(1): 27-28.
    96. Srinivas, K. and Rao, JV (1984). Indian J. Agron. 29 : 146-149.
    97. Stanhill, J.R. and Smittle, D.A. (1980). J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 105 : 869-873.
    98. Sushant, et al. (1999). Indian J. Agron. 44 : 382-388.
    99. Thomas, RJ. and Hungaria, M. (1988). J. PI. Nutrition, 11 : 175-188.
    100. Tripathi, D.P. et al. (1986). Indian Farming 36(9) : 13,15.
    101. Wartl, A.G. et aJ. H998). Indian,1. Agron. 43 : 694,699.
    102. Yadav, RL. and Prasad. S.R (1990). IndIan J. Agron 35 : 451-455.
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      volume 21 issue 3 (september 2000) : 141-154

      PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF FRENCH BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGAR/SL.) CULTIVATION: A REVIEW

      V
      Virender Sardana
      K
      K.K. Dhingrae
      M
      M.S. Gille
      I
      Ioder Jit Singh
      1PAU. Regional Research Station, Gurdaspur-143 521,India

      • Submitted|

      • First Online |

      • doi

      Cite article:- Sardana Virender, Dhingrae K.K., Gille M.S., Singh Jit Ioder (2025). PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF FRENCH BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGAR/SL.) CULTIVATION: A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 21(3): 141-154. doi: .

      ABSTRACT

      This article reviews the research work done in India on various agronomic aspects of French bean cultivation. It has been found that sowing time differs greatly in different agroclimatic conditions. It is sown from March to October in different parts of the country. Similarly, different varieties are recommended for different regions. While PDR 14 (Uday) is the most suited variety in north-eastern plains during winter season, VL 63 gives higher yield in central zone during winters and in the hills when grown in summer/rainy season. Him 1 due to its short duration performs well in Haryana and Punjab conditions as it matures before the occurrence of frost. Desired plant population can be maintained by using seed rate of 100–150 kg/ha and row to row spacing of 30–45 cm depending upon location and whether the crop is meant for dry seeds or green pods. Since it does not nodulate with the help of native rhizobia, it responds to heavy doses of nitrogen. Its higher yield can be obtained with application of nitrogen upto 120 kg/ha and phosphorus upto 60 kg/ha. For successful cultivation, it requires assured (light but frequent) irrigations. It requires 3–4 irrigation with irrigation at 25 days after sowing being the most critical. Irrigation at IW: CPE ratio of 0.75 has been recommended. Weeds can be effectively controlled by hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 days after sowing or pre-emergence application of 0.75–1.0 kg/ha of pendimethalin 30 EC. Bean mosaic virus can be controlled by spraying Rogor 30 EC of Nuvacron 36 EC @ 1 ml/litre of water. French bean can also be grown as inter crop with potato during winter season.

      KEYWORDS

        REFERENCES

        1. Adams, MW., et a/. (1985) In: Grain Legume Crops (oos. Summerfiled, RJ. and Roberts. E.H.) Williams Collins
        2. Sons & Co. Ltd. London, pp. 391-432.
        3. Ahlawat, I.P.S (1996). Indian J. agric. Sci. 66 : 338-342.
        4. Ahlawat, I.P.S. (1998). Indian J. Agron. 43 : 45-49.
        5. Ahlawat, I.P.S. and Sharma, RP. (1989) Indian J. Agron., 34 : 70-74.
        6. AICPIP. (1988). Consolidated report on rabi pulses. Rabi pulses workshop held at Punjabrao Krishi Vidyapeeth,
        7. Akola, September 65-67 pp.
        8. Ali, M. (1988) Indian J. agric. Sci., 58 : 440-443.
        9. Ali, M. (1988) IndianJ. Pulses Res., 2: 57-63.
        10. Ali, M. and Kushwaha, RB. (1987) Indian Farming, 37 (5) : 20-23.
        11. Ali, M. and Lal, S. (1991). Rabi rajmash-Potentials, Limitations and technology of production. Technical Bulletin
        12. No.3; Directorate of Pulses Research Kanpur. p. 18.
        13. Ali, M. and Lal, S. (1992). Indian Farming. 42(7) : 25-26.
        14. Ali, M. and Tripathi, A. (1988).lndianJ. Agric. Sci. 58: 263-267.
        15. Allen, Rand Obura, RK (1983). Agron. J., 75 : 1005-1009.
        16. Appadurai, RR etal. (1967).lndianJ. Agric. Sci. 37: 22-26.
        17. Aykroyd, WoR and Doughty, Joyce. (1973). FAO Nutrition Studies No. 19.
        18. Baboo, R. etal. (1998). Ann. Agric. Res., 19: 81-82.
        19. Badiyala, D. et al. (1992). Indian J. Pulses Res., 5 : 149-152.
        20. Barber, S.A. (1967). Agronomy Monograph 12, American Society of Agronomy, Madison Wisconsin, U.S.A.
        21. Bhardwaj, C.L. et a/. (1994). Indian J. Agric. Sci. 64 : 336-338.
        22. Chakor, I.S. et a/. (1992). Indian J. Agron., 37 : 590-591.
        23. Chandra, R eta/. (1987). HaryanaJ. Hort. Sci.. 16: 145-147.
        24. Chandra, S. and Ali, M. (1986). TechnicarBulletin No.1. Directorate of Pulses Research, Kanpur.pp.14-15.
        25. Chatterjee, B.N. and Bhattacharya. KK (1986). Principles and Practices of Grain Legume Production. Oxford &
        26. IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi. p. 492.
        27. Chatterjee, R arid Som. M.G. (1991). Crop Res. (Hisar), 4 : 214-217.
        28. Chung, J.H. and Goulden, D.S. (1971). New Zealand J. Agric. Res. 14 : 227-234.
        29. Coyne. D.P. (1968). Agron. J. 51: 515-518.
        30. Dahatonde, B.N. and Nalamwar, RN. (1996)./ndianJ. Agron., 41: 265-268.
        31. Danu, N.S. eta/. (1984). Prog. Hort. 16: ;331-336,
        32. D'Souza, H.A ,md Couldcin. C.L (1988). TropicalAgric. 65: 179-181.
        33. Vol. 21, No.3, 2000 153
        34. Duarte, R.A. and Adams, MW. (1972) Crop Sci., 12 : 579-582.
        35. DwIvedi, D.K. et al. (1994). Indian J. Agron. 39 : 581-583.
        36. Empig, L.T. and Aday, BA (1963). Phill. Agric., 47 : 12-22..
        37. Gupta: P.K. et al. (1996). Indian J. Agric. Sci., 66 : 343-347.
        38. Hegde, D.M. and Srinivas, K (1989). Indian J. Agron., 34 : 180-184.
        39. Herath, H.M.E. and Wahab, M.N.J. (1984). TropicalAgriculturist, 15 : 83-98.
        40. Jadhav, S.L. (1993). Indian J. Agron., 38: 674-675.
        41. Kavamhanga, F. etal (1995). TropAgric. (Trinidad), 72 : 251-260.
        42. Kay, D.E. (1979) Digest No.3-Food Legumes. p. 127.
        43. Koli, B.D. et al (1996). Agric. Sci. Digest, 16(1) : 45-46.
        44. Kumar, S. et al. (1997) Indian J. Weed Sci., 29 (1&2) : 8-10.
        45. Kushwaha, B.L. (l991l./ndianJ. Pulses Res., 4: 217-218.
        46. Kushwaha, B.L. (1994). Indian J. Agron. 39 : 34-37.
        47. Kushwaha. B.L. and Ali; M. (1991). Indian J. Pulses Res., 4 : 107-108.
        48. Mathew, etal. (1996). Kisan Workt, 23 (3) : 55-56.
        49. Mech. H.J. (1983). J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 108 : 573-574.
        50. Miller, A.A. and Gardener, W.R. (1972). Agron. J., 64 : 559-562.
        51. Mishra. H.N. et al. (1998). Ann. Agric. Res. 19 : 83-84.
        52. Mishra, P.J. eta/. (1998a). Workt Weeds, 5 : 143-146.
        53. Mishra, P.J. etm. (1998b).lndianJ. Weeds Sci. 30: 220-221.
        54. Mishra, S.S. et a/. (1999). 8th Biennial Coni. Indian Soc. Weed Sci. Held at BHU, Varanasi From Feb., 5-7. p. 61.
        55. Mohan, N. eta/. (1995). Legume Res. 18: 215-216.
        56. Nandan, R. and Prasad, U.K. (1998). Indian J. Agron. 43 : 550-554.
        57. Nandi, A. et a/. (1995). Legume Res. 18 : 220~222.
        58. Pande, G.K. eta/. (1974). Prog. Hort. 6: 41-48.
        59. Parthlbhan, S. and Thamburaj, S. (1991). South Asian Hort. 39 : 137-138.
        60. P1nchlnot, A.M. and Adams, M.W. (1966). Jurri~/ba, 16 : 247-252.
        61. Prakash, KS. and Ram, Hari Har. (1981). Indian J. Agric. Sci. 51 : 76-80.
        62. Quinones, FA (1965). Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 86 : 368-372.
        63. Ramachandra Rao, A. etal. (1997). Indian J. Weed Sci. 29 (3&4) : 110-114.
        64. Rana, N.S. and Singh, R. (1998).lndianJ. Agron. 43: 367-370.
        65. Rima, N.S. eta/.(1998). Indian J. Agron. 43 : 114-117.
        66. Rangaswamy, G. (1975). Diseases of Crop Plants in India. Prentice Hall oOndia Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
        67. RohiUa, P.p. and BUJarbaruah (1999). Indian Farming, 49 (5) : 6-8.
        68. Roy Sharma, R.P. eta/. (1990). IndianJ. Pulses Res., 3: 142-147.
        69. Sahu,J.P. eta/. (1995); IndianJ. Pulses Res. 8: 25-28.
        70. Saini, J.P. and Neg!, S.C. (1998). Indian J. Agron. 43 : 110-113.
        71. Samal, KM. et aI. (1995). Legume Res. 18 : 223-227.
        72. Saxena, K..K. and Verma, V.S. (1994).·Haryana J. Agron. 10 : 211-214.
        73. Saxena, KK and Ve~ma V.S. (1995). Indian J. Agron. 40 : 249-252.
        74. Sekhon, H.S. eta/. (1992) Croplmprov., 19 : 139-142.
        75. Setty, M.V.N., eta/. (1973) SABRAO, 2ndGeneralCongress: 269.
        76. Sharma, G.D. and Sharma, J.J. (1999). 8th Biennial Con!. Indian Soc. Weed Sci. held at BHU, Varanasi, Feb,
        77. 5-7. pp. 63
        78. Sharma. R.K. etal. (1976). Prog. Hort., 18 : 65-68.
        79. Sharma. V.K. et al (1997). Indian J. Agron. 42 : 320-322.
        80. Shetter, B.J. et al. (1975). MjISOre, J. Agrlc Sci. 9 : 649-651.
        81. Sil'l9h. B. (1987). IndianJ. Agron., 32 : 233-225.
        82. Singh. D.P.eta/. (1996).lndlanJ. Agron41 : 608-610.
        83. 154 AGRICULTURAL REVIEWS
        84. Singh, G. et al. (1984). Indian J.. Weed Sci. 16 : 124-126.
        85. Singh, G. and Singh, T.P. (1999). Indian J. Agron. 44: 389-391.
        86. Singh Jai, et aI. (1997). Legume Res., 20 : 230-235.
        87. Singh, K. et al. (1996). Fert. News., 41(5) : 39-42.
        88. Singh, M. et aI. (1986). Haryana Kheti, 18(3) : 5.
        89. Singh, R and Singh, DV (1984). Indian J. Agric. Sci. 54 : 491-495.
        90. Singh, RC. and Singh, M. (1987). HAU J. Res.. 17 : 266-268.
        91. Singh, RC. etal. (1992) HAUJ. Res. 22: 31-34.
        92. Singh, S.N. and Ali. M. (1989). In : Proc. NationalSymp. New Frontiers in Pulses Research and Development,
        93. held at Directorate of Pulses Research, Kanpur on 10·12, t~:'\'JemiJ.~r.
        94. Sreelatha, D. et al. (1997). Ann. Agric. Res. 18 : 111-114.
        95. Srivastava, BK and Singh, B.P. (1979). Indian Farmers' Digest 12(1): 27-28.
        96. Srinivas, K. and Rao, JV (1984). Indian J. Agron. 29 : 146-149.
        97. Stanhill, J.R. and Smittle, D.A. (1980). J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 105 : 869-873.
        98. Sushant, et al. (1999). Indian J. Agron. 44 : 382-388.
        99. Thomas, RJ. and Hungaria, M. (1988). J. PI. Nutrition, 11 : 175-188.
        100. Tripathi, D.P. et al. (1986). Indian Farming 36(9) : 13,15.
        101. Wartl, A.G. et aJ. H998). Indian,1. Agron. 43 : 694,699.
        102. Yadav, RL. and Prasad. S.R (1990). IndIan J. Agron 35 : 451-455.
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          Follow us
          Published In
          Agricultural Reviews

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