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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 21 issue 2 (june 2000) : 116-120

GRAIN QUALITY OF WHEAT AS INFLUENCED BY APPUCATION OF NITROGEN, CLIMATE AND CULTURAL PRACTICES: A REVIEW

V
Virender Sardana
1Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Statton,! Gurdaspur - 143521, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Sardana Virender (2025). GRAIN QUALITY OF WHEAT AS INFLUENCED BY APPUCATION OF NITROGEN, CLIMATE AND CULTURAL PRACTICES: A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 21(2): 116-120. doi: .

ABSTRACT

During the era of Green Revolution, the main emphasis was on increasing the productivity of crops. With increase in the production of wheat to the level of self sufficiency and in a comfortable position where India can export sizeable amount of wheat, the focus is on improving the quality of wheat which is a complex phenomenon and is influenced by several factors. Therefore, the producers and the consumers have become more quality conscious. At global level, quality of wheat, which is expressed in different manners by different people based on its end uses, is the major criteria for its acceptability. Nitrogen as well as environmental factors influence the quality of wheat particularly protein content of which it is an integral part. In this article, role of nitrogen, environment and cultural factors on the quality of both bread and durum wheat is studied.

KEYWORDS

    REFERENCES

    1. Abrol, Y.P. and Uprety, D.C. (1969). Indian J. PI. Physlol., 12 : 211-214.
    2. Agarwal, M.M. (1976). Indian J. agrfc. Res., 10: 185-188.
    3. Allensandronl, A, et a/.(1976).Anna/ldell Sperlmentale per la Cerea/icoltura 7 : 105-125.
    4. Augustine, N. (1993). In: 32nd All IndIa Wheat Research Workers' MeetIng held at HAU, Hlsar.
    5. Baghutt, KG. and Purl, Y.P. (1979). eal!ornla Agric., 33 : 7-8, 21-22.
    6. Bakshl, AK, et a/.(1992). PAU, J. Res. 29: 313-318.
    7. Barmore, M.A. and Bequette, R.K.(1968). Agran. J., 60: 223-228.
    8. Bates, T. and Reynlsh, D.J.(1976).J. ScI. Food Agrfc., 27 : 983-990.
    9. Bequette, R.K, et a/.(1963). Agran J., 55 : 537-542.
    10. Blum, A, et a/.(1980). Hassadeh, 60 : 1255-1260.
    11. Brunetti, N., et a/.(1976). RhJlsta dl Agronomla,10: 171-177.
    12. Cantamutto, M.A., et al.(1987). RelJIsta de la Facultad de Agranomla, Unluersldad de Buenos Aires, B: 141-148.
    13. Dexter, J.E. and Dronzek, B.L.(1975a). Cereal Chern., 52; 577-586.
    14. Dexter, J.E. and Dronzek, B.L.(1975b). Cereal Chern., 52 : 587-596.
    15. Dhaliwal, H.S., et al.(1981). PAU, J. Res., 18: 351-358.
    16. Eppendorfer, W.H.(1978). J. ScI. Food Agrf., 29 : 995-1001.
    17. 120 AGRICULTURAL REVIEWS
    18. Fares, C., et al.(1993). Rivista di Agranomia, 27 : 117-124.
    19. Ferri, D., et al.(1989). Rivista di Agronomia, 23 : 70-81.
    20. Finney, KF(1963). In : Prac. Second National Con/. Wheat Utilization, Res. Peoria 1II p. 74-79.
    21. Finney, KF and Fryer, H.C.(1958). Agron. .I., 50: 28-34.
    22. Finney, KF and Meyer, J'w.(1952). USDA Pub. No. 241cc. 10pp. (Mimeo). Manhattan, Kansas.
    23. Finney, KF, et al.(1957). Agron .I., 49 : 341-347.
    24. Fortini, S., et al.(1975). Genetica Agraria, 29 : 111-112.
    25. Fortini, S., et al.(1975). Genet/ca Agraria, 29: 295-308. •
    26. Gianibelli, M.C., et al.(1990). In: Gluten prate/ns (eds.Bushuk, W, Tkachuk, R.J.) pp. 765!772.
    27. Gupta, RK, et al.(1996). In : 35th All India Wheat Research Workers' Meeting held at New DelhI.
    28. Gupta, RK, et al.(1997). In : 36th All India Wheat Workers' Meeting held at CCS HAU, Hisar.
    29. Gupta, Y.P. and Das, N.B.(1954). .I. Indian Soc. Soil Set., 2: 121-125.
    30. Haas, H.J., et al.(1976). ARS-NC-38. Agril. Res. Service USDA North Central Region.
    31. Hubbard, J.D., et al.(1977). Cereal Chem., 54: 778-783.
    32. Hucklesby, D.P., et al. (1971). Agron. .I., 63 : 274-276.
    33. Hunter, AS., et al.(1958). Agron .I., 50 : 311-314.
    34. Johnson, VA, et al.(1973). Agron. .I., 65 : 259-263.
    35. Jurgen, G. and Knittel, H.(1985). DLG-Mitteilungen, 100: 4, 184, 186.
    36. Kumar, R, et al. (1994). HAU., .I. Res., 24: 186-188.
    37. Kumar, S.(1997). Ph.D. Thesis CCS HAU, Hisar.
    38. Leonard, WH. and Martin, J.H.(1963). Cereal Craps, New York: Macmillan.
    39. Mahdi, L., et al. (1996). Cereal Res. Comm., 24 : 347-352.
    40. Massantini, F (1974). Agricoltura Italiana, 29 : 123-124.
    41. McNeal, FH. and Davis, D.J. (1966). Agron. .I., 58 : 635-636.
    42. McNeal, FH., et al. (1963). Agron. .I., 55 : 470-472.
    43. Mosconi, G. and Bozzini. (1973). Revista di Agronm'ia, 7: 75-82. -_
    44. Oporoiu, E. and Cernescu, L. (1975). Bulletin de-/' Academie des-Sciences-Agricoles-et-Forestieres, 5 : 37-45.
    45. Orphanos, P.I. and Krentos, VD. (1980). .I.agric. Sci. Camb., 94 : 551-556.
    46. Parodi, P.c., et al. (1982). CienciaeInvestigation Agraria, 9: 89-9.3.
    47. Pollhame (1981). Novenytermeles, 30: 501-514.
    48. Raath, N.C., et al. (1995). South African .I. PI. Soil, 12 : 175-176.
    49. Ransom, J.K., et al. (1989). Field Craps Res., 21 : 115-119.
    50. Rao, Y.G. and Bhardwaj, RB.L. (1981). Indian J. Agron., 26 : 91-92.
    51. Rao, Y.G. and Bhardwaj, RB.L. (1982). Madras agric. .I., 69 : 267-268.
    52. Reeves, J.T. (1954). .I. Aust. Inst. Agric. ScI., 20 : 41-45.
    53. Robinson, FE., et al. (1977). Callifomia Agric. (March): 16-18.
    54. Robinson, FE., et al. (1979). Agron. .I., 71 : 307-308.
    55. Ryan, J., et al. (1997). Cereal Res Comm., 25: 85-90.
    56. Sadaphal, M.N. and Das, N.B. (1966). Agron. .I., 58: 137-141.
    57. Sander, D.H. and Peterson, C.A. (1968). Univ. Nebr Quarterly, 45(2) :10-11.
    58. Sayer, R, et al. (1992). Rachis, 11 : 1-2,33-39
    59. Schlehuber, AM. and Tucker, B.B. (1959). Cereal Sci. Today, 4 : 240-242.
    60. Sharma, G.c., et al. (1983). Crop Sci., 23 : 699-703.
    61. Singh, H.G. and Lamb, OA (1960). Agron. .I., 52 : 678-680.
    62. Singh, R.P. et al. (1974). Indian .I. agric. Sci., 44 : 731-735.
    63. Smith (1962). Kansas Agric. Situation Reprint No. 12 Manhattan, Kansas.
    64. Sombrero and Monneveux(1989). Agricoltura Mediterra.nea, 119: 349-360.
    65. Stickler,FC., et al. (1964). Agron. .I., 56: 592-594.
    66. Terman, G.L., et al. (1969). Agron. J., 61: 755-759.
    67. Waines, J.G., et al. (1978). Crop Sct., 19: 590-592.
    68. Yamazaki, WT. and Lamb, C.A (1961). Agron. J., 53: 325-326.
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      volume 21 issue 2 (june 2000) : 116-120

      GRAIN QUALITY OF WHEAT AS INFLUENCED BY APPUCATION OF NITROGEN, CLIMATE AND CULTURAL PRACTICES: A REVIEW

      V
      Virender Sardana
      1Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Statton,! Gurdaspur - 143521, India

      • Submitted|

      • First Online |

      • doi

      Cite article:- Sardana Virender (2025). GRAIN QUALITY OF WHEAT AS INFLUENCED BY APPUCATION OF NITROGEN, CLIMATE AND CULTURAL PRACTICES: A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 21(2): 116-120. doi: .

      ABSTRACT

      During the era of Green Revolution, the main emphasis was on increasing the productivity of crops. With increase in the production of wheat to the level of self sufficiency and in a comfortable position where India can export sizeable amount of wheat, the focus is on improving the quality of wheat which is a complex phenomenon and is influenced by several factors. Therefore, the producers and the consumers have become more quality conscious. At global level, quality of wheat, which is expressed in different manners by different people based on its end uses, is the major criteria for its acceptability. Nitrogen as well as environmental factors influence the quality of wheat particularly protein content of which it is an integral part. In this article, role of nitrogen, environment and cultural factors on the quality of both bread and durum wheat is studied.

      KEYWORDS

        REFERENCES

        1. Abrol, Y.P. and Uprety, D.C. (1969). Indian J. PI. Physlol., 12 : 211-214.
        2. Agarwal, M.M. (1976). Indian J. agrfc. Res., 10: 185-188.
        3. Allensandronl, A, et a/.(1976).Anna/ldell Sperlmentale per la Cerea/icoltura 7 : 105-125.
        4. Augustine, N. (1993). In: 32nd All IndIa Wheat Research Workers' MeetIng held at HAU, Hlsar.
        5. Baghutt, KG. and Purl, Y.P. (1979). eal!ornla Agric., 33 : 7-8, 21-22.
        6. Bakshl, AK, et a/.(1992). PAU, J. Res. 29: 313-318.
        7. Barmore, M.A. and Bequette, R.K.(1968). Agran. J., 60: 223-228.
        8. Bates, T. and Reynlsh, D.J.(1976).J. ScI. Food Agrfc., 27 : 983-990.
        9. Bequette, R.K, et a/.(1963). Agran J., 55 : 537-542.
        10. Blum, A, et a/.(1980). Hassadeh, 60 : 1255-1260.
        11. Brunetti, N., et a/.(1976). RhJlsta dl Agronomla,10: 171-177.
        12. Cantamutto, M.A., et al.(1987). RelJIsta de la Facultad de Agranomla, Unluersldad de Buenos Aires, B: 141-148.
        13. Dexter, J.E. and Dronzek, B.L.(1975a). Cereal Chern., 52; 577-586.
        14. Dexter, J.E. and Dronzek, B.L.(1975b). Cereal Chern., 52 : 587-596.
        15. Dhaliwal, H.S., et al.(1981). PAU, J. Res., 18: 351-358.
        16. Eppendorfer, W.H.(1978). J. ScI. Food Agrf., 29 : 995-1001.
        17. 120 AGRICULTURAL REVIEWS
        18. Fares, C., et al.(1993). Rivista di Agranomia, 27 : 117-124.
        19. Ferri, D., et al.(1989). Rivista di Agronomia, 23 : 70-81.
        20. Finney, KF(1963). In : Prac. Second National Con/. Wheat Utilization, Res. Peoria 1II p. 74-79.
        21. Finney, KF and Fryer, H.C.(1958). Agron. .I., 50: 28-34.
        22. Finney, KF and Meyer, J'w.(1952). USDA Pub. No. 241cc. 10pp. (Mimeo). Manhattan, Kansas.
        23. Finney, KF, et al.(1957). Agron .I., 49 : 341-347.
        24. Fortini, S., et al.(1975). Genetica Agraria, 29 : 111-112.
        25. Fortini, S., et al.(1975). Genet/ca Agraria, 29: 295-308. •
        26. Gianibelli, M.C., et al.(1990). In: Gluten prate/ns (eds.Bushuk, W, Tkachuk, R.J.) pp. 765!772.
        27. Gupta, RK, et al.(1996). In : 35th All India Wheat Research Workers' Meeting held at New DelhI.
        28. Gupta, RK, et al.(1997). In : 36th All India Wheat Workers' Meeting held at CCS HAU, Hisar.
        29. Gupta, Y.P. and Das, N.B.(1954). .I. Indian Soc. Soil Set., 2: 121-125.
        30. Haas, H.J., et al.(1976). ARS-NC-38. Agril. Res. Service USDA North Central Region.
        31. Hubbard, J.D., et al.(1977). Cereal Chem., 54: 778-783.
        32. Hucklesby, D.P., et al. (1971). Agron. .I., 63 : 274-276.
        33. Hunter, AS., et al.(1958). Agron .I., 50 : 311-314.
        34. Johnson, VA, et al.(1973). Agron. .I., 65 : 259-263.
        35. Jurgen, G. and Knittel, H.(1985). DLG-Mitteilungen, 100: 4, 184, 186.
        36. Kumar, R, et al. (1994). HAU., .I. Res., 24: 186-188.
        37. Kumar, S.(1997). Ph.D. Thesis CCS HAU, Hisar.
        38. Leonard, WH. and Martin, J.H.(1963). Cereal Craps, New York: Macmillan.
        39. Mahdi, L., et al. (1996). Cereal Res. Comm., 24 : 347-352.
        40. Massantini, F (1974). Agricoltura Italiana, 29 : 123-124.
        41. McNeal, FH. and Davis, D.J. (1966). Agron. .I., 58 : 635-636.
        42. McNeal, FH., et al. (1963). Agron. .I., 55 : 470-472.
        43. Mosconi, G. and Bozzini. (1973). Revista di Agronm'ia, 7: 75-82. -_
        44. Oporoiu, E. and Cernescu, L. (1975). Bulletin de-/' Academie des-Sciences-Agricoles-et-Forestieres, 5 : 37-45.
        45. Orphanos, P.I. and Krentos, VD. (1980). .I.agric. Sci. Camb., 94 : 551-556.
        46. Parodi, P.c., et al. (1982). CienciaeInvestigation Agraria, 9: 89-9.3.
        47. Pollhame (1981). Novenytermeles, 30: 501-514.
        48. Raath, N.C., et al. (1995). South African .I. PI. Soil, 12 : 175-176.
        49. Ransom, J.K., et al. (1989). Field Craps Res., 21 : 115-119.
        50. Rao, Y.G. and Bhardwaj, RB.L. (1981). Indian J. Agron., 26 : 91-92.
        51. Rao, Y.G. and Bhardwaj, RB.L. (1982). Madras agric. .I., 69 : 267-268.
        52. Reeves, J.T. (1954). .I. Aust. Inst. Agric. ScI., 20 : 41-45.
        53. Robinson, FE., et al. (1977). Callifomia Agric. (March): 16-18.
        54. Robinson, FE., et al. (1979). Agron. .I., 71 : 307-308.
        55. Ryan, J., et al. (1997). Cereal Res Comm., 25: 85-90.
        56. Sadaphal, M.N. and Das, N.B. (1966). Agron. .I., 58: 137-141.
        57. Sander, D.H. and Peterson, C.A. (1968). Univ. Nebr Quarterly, 45(2) :10-11.
        58. Sayer, R, et al. (1992). Rachis, 11 : 1-2,33-39
        59. Schlehuber, AM. and Tucker, B.B. (1959). Cereal Sci. Today, 4 : 240-242.
        60. Sharma, G.c., et al. (1983). Crop Sci., 23 : 699-703.
        61. Singh, H.G. and Lamb, OA (1960). Agron. .I., 52 : 678-680.
        62. Singh, R.P. et al. (1974). Indian .I. agric. Sci., 44 : 731-735.
        63. Smith (1962). Kansas Agric. Situation Reprint No. 12 Manhattan, Kansas.
        64. Sombrero and Monneveux(1989). Agricoltura Mediterra.nea, 119: 349-360.
        65. Stickler,FC., et al. (1964). Agron. .I., 56: 592-594.
        66. Terman, G.L., et al. (1969). Agron. J., 61: 755-759.
        67. Waines, J.G., et al. (1978). Crop Sct., 19: 590-592.
        68. Yamazaki, WT. and Lamb, C.A (1961). Agron. J., 53: 325-326.
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