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volume 21 issue 2 (june 2000) : 110-115

BIONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF RICE WHORL MAGGOTHYDRELUA SPP. (DIPTERA : EPHYDRIDAE) - A REVIEW

M
Mangal Sain
1Directorate of Rice Research Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Sain Mangal (2025). BIONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF RICE WHORL MAGGOTHYDRELUA SPP. (DIPTERA : EPHYDRIDAE) - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 21(2): 110-115. doi: .

ABSTRACT

The rice whorl maggot Hydrellia spp. is a pest of rice mainly in irrigated ecosystem. It causes 20–30% yield loss on the first crop during April–September but the infestation was less in the second crop. The taxonomic characters and host plants of Hydrellia spp. viz., Hydrellia philippina, Hydrellia sasakii and Hydrellia griseola were described. The adult insects prefer places with abundant calm water and less vegetation. Eggs to adult period is normally 25–28 days. The maggots of the fly feed on unopened leaves and nibbles the inner margins. Conspicuous linear feeding lesions are visible when the central leaf opens. Hydrellia philippina is a multivoltine species with overlapping generations under field conditions. The bionomics and management of rice whorl maggot have been reviewed.

KEYWORDS

    REFERENCES

    1. Alam, S. and Alam, S. (1977). In: Literature Review of Insect Pests and Diseases of Rice in Bangladesh,
    2. Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Dacca, 72-78 pp.
    3. Azam, K.M. and Tejkumar, S. (1971). Andhra Pradesh Agric. J., 18 : 176.
    4. Bangum, P. (1988). Weed Watcher, 6-7:7.
    5. Barrion, AT. and Litsinger J.A. (1981) Int. Rice Res.Newsl., 6 (6) : 19.
    6. Barrion, A T. and Litslnger, J. A (1994). In: Biology and Management of Rice Insects., Wiley Eastern, limited,
    7. New Delhi, 13-359 pp.
    8. Basu, S.K. (1979). Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 4(3): 20-21.
    9. Batalla, J.A. (1970). Aroz (Spain), 11(39) : 6-8.
    10. Cheng, C.H. (1978). Department of Plant Protection, Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station, Taiwan
    11. Agricultural Research Institute, Taiwan.
    12. Chol, B.S., et al. (1983). Res. Rept. Office of Rural Development (S.P.M.U.) Suweon, South Korea, pp 116-122.
    13. Corbetta, G. (1973). Bull. In/. Rizicult. Fr., 145: 11-12.
    14. Dale, D. (1994). In : Biology and Management of Rice Insect, Wiley Eastern, limited New Delhi, 364-485pp.
    15. David, P.M.M. (1986). Madras Agrlc. J. 73(5): 274-277.
    16. Deeming, J.e. (1977). Bull. Entomol. Res. 67(2):337-341.
    17. Deonler, D. L. (1978). Entomologica Scandinavia, 9(3): 188-197.
    18. El-nahal, AKM., et al. (1971). Bull. Entomol. Soc. Egypt Econ. Ser., 5: 19-22.
    19. Fernando, H.E. (1978). Perade nlya, Srllanka, 66-73 p.
    20. Ferino, M.P. (1968a). Philippines Entomology, 1(1) : 3-5.
    21. Ferlno, M.P. (1968b). Philippine Agriculture, 52(6) : 332-383.
    22. Feron, M. and Audemard, H. (1956). Ann. Epiphyt., 7(3): 421-430.
    23. Fujlmakl, and Takanashl, N. (1961). Plant Prot. Hokl,Jrlku, 9 : 3-4.
    24. Funabasama, K (1966). Ann. Rep. Soc. Plant Prot., 17 : 72.
    25. Grigarlck, AA (1959). Hilgardia, 29 (1) : 80.
    26. Heinrichs, E.A. (1977) Rice Whorl Maggot (Hydrellia philippina) In the Philippines, IRRI - RRTR Rice Production
    27. Specialist course, 5p.
    28. Ismail, 1.1. et a/. (1979). Agric. Res. Rev. 57 : 87-94.
    29. Jaysslere, P. (1933) Bull. Soc. Ento. Fr., 38(6) : 86-87.
    30. Jaswant, S. et al. (1990). J. Insect Sci., 3(1) : 102-108.
    31. Joshi, R.c. et al. (1986). Quarterly Newsletter, FAO, Asia and Pacific Plant Protection Commission, 29(2): 29-44.
    32. Karim, AN.M.R. (1969).Internatlonal Rice Research Institute, Philippines, Mimeograph 31 p, (unpublished).
    33. Krishnalah, N.V. et al. (1980). Trop. Pest Mgmt., 34: 68-71.
    34. Kreiter, E.A. (1927). Bur. Appl. Ent., 3(1) : 92-98 (Summary In German)
    35. Macatula, R.F. and Mochlda, O. (1987). Int. Rice Res. News/. 12(4):39.
    36. Mani, M. and Jayaraj, S. (1976). Madras Agric.J., 63 (3): 184-186.
    37. Manjunath, T.M. (1978). Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 3(5): 22.
    38. Natarajan, K and Mathur, KC. (1980). Sci. CuI., 47(9) : 337-338, 26.
    39. Nurullah, C.M. (1979). M.S. thesis, University of the Philippines. Los &nos,120 p.
    40. Okamoto, D., Koshlhara, T. (1954). Notes on paddy stem maggot,(Hydrellla sasakll) a pest of the transplanted
    41. paddy rice, IRRI Microfilm No. 55374 (with English summary).
    42. Pantua, P.C. and Litslnger, J.A. (1987). Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 12(1):21.
    43. Patanakamjorn, S. (1964). Kasetsart Entomology Phytopathology Society, 4 : 69-73.
    44. Pathak, M.D. and Khan, Z.R. (1994). Insect Pests of Rice. International Rice Research Institute, International Centre
    45. of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philippines, 89 p.
    46. Vol. 21, No.2, 2000 115
    47. Ramamurthy, V.V, et al. (1976). Madras Agric. J., 63(5, 7) : 324-327.
    48. Ramamurthy, V.V (1977). Madras Agric. J. 64(6) : 405-406.
    49. RambaJan, L. (1979). Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 4(2) : 17.
    50. Reissig, W.H., et al. (1985) Illustrated Guide to Integrated Pest Management in Rice in Tropical Asia. International
    51. Rice Research Institute, P.O.Box 933, Manila, Philippines, 411 p.
    52. Sashidharan, N.K., et a/. (1979). Int. Rice Res. News/. 4(5) : 20.
    53. Sain, M. (1991). Intensive Agric., 28(2) : 21-29.
    54. Sain, M. et al. (1983). Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 7(5):18-19.
    55. Sain, M. Hakim, K.L. (1988). Int. Rice Res. Newsl 13(3): 17.
    56. Salazar, A, Pe~oJa, A and Duque, M. (1993). Arroz, 42 (382) : 38-40.
    57. Thomas, B. et i1I. (1971). CUrT. Sci., 40 : 498.
    58. Uthamaswamy, S. and Jayaraj, S. (1985). Pesticides, 19(9) : 37-40.
    59. Varadarajan, G. et al. (1977). Aduhturaf Report,I(6):53-55.
    60. Vayssiere, P. (1993). Bul/. Soc. Ent. Fr., 38(6) : 86-87.
    61. Velayutham, B. et al. (1973). Madras Agric. J. 60(3) : 210-213.
    62. Viajante, V.D. and Heinrichs, E. A (1985a). Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 10(1) : 24.
    63. Viajante, V.D. and Heinrichs, E. A (1985b). Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 10(1) : 23.
    64. Vlajante, VD. and Heinrichs, E. A (1986). Crop Protection, 5 : 176-181.
    65. Way, M.O. et al.·(1983). South West Entomol., 8(3) : 186-189.
    66. Webber, G. et al. (1988). Arrozenlas Americas, 9(2) : 11-14.
    67. Yeln, B.R. and Das, G.R. (1988). Pesticides, 22(10) : 37-40.
    68. Zatwarnicki, T. (1988). Polskie Asmo Entomologiezne, 58(3) : 587-6?4.
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      volume 21 issue 2 (june 2000) : 110-115

      BIONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF RICE WHORL MAGGOTHYDRELUA SPP. (DIPTERA : EPHYDRIDAE) - A REVIEW

      M
      Mangal Sain
      1Directorate of Rice Research Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, India

      • Submitted|

      • First Online |

      • doi

      Cite article:- Sain Mangal (2025). BIONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF RICE WHORL MAGGOTHYDRELUA SPP. (DIPTERA : EPHYDRIDAE) - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 21(2): 110-115. doi: .

      ABSTRACT

      The rice whorl maggot Hydrellia spp. is a pest of rice mainly in irrigated ecosystem. It causes 20–30% yield loss on the first crop during April–September but the infestation was less in the second crop. The taxonomic characters and host plants of Hydrellia spp. viz., Hydrellia philippina, Hydrellia sasakii and Hydrellia griseola were described. The adult insects prefer places with abundant calm water and less vegetation. Eggs to adult period is normally 25–28 days. The maggots of the fly feed on unopened leaves and nibbles the inner margins. Conspicuous linear feeding lesions are visible when the central leaf opens. Hydrellia philippina is a multivoltine species with overlapping generations under field conditions. The bionomics and management of rice whorl maggot have been reviewed.

      KEYWORDS

        REFERENCES

        1. Alam, S. and Alam, S. (1977). In: Literature Review of Insect Pests and Diseases of Rice in Bangladesh,
        2. Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Dacca, 72-78 pp.
        3. Azam, K.M. and Tejkumar, S. (1971). Andhra Pradesh Agric. J., 18 : 176.
        4. Bangum, P. (1988). Weed Watcher, 6-7:7.
        5. Barrion, AT. and Litsinger J.A. (1981) Int. Rice Res.Newsl., 6 (6) : 19.
        6. Barrion, A T. and Litslnger, J. A (1994). In: Biology and Management of Rice Insects., Wiley Eastern, limited,
        7. New Delhi, 13-359 pp.
        8. Basu, S.K. (1979). Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 4(3): 20-21.
        9. Batalla, J.A. (1970). Aroz (Spain), 11(39) : 6-8.
        10. Cheng, C.H. (1978). Department of Plant Protection, Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station, Taiwan
        11. Agricultural Research Institute, Taiwan.
        12. Chol, B.S., et al. (1983). Res. Rept. Office of Rural Development (S.P.M.U.) Suweon, South Korea, pp 116-122.
        13. Corbetta, G. (1973). Bull. In/. Rizicult. Fr., 145: 11-12.
        14. Dale, D. (1994). In : Biology and Management of Rice Insect, Wiley Eastern, limited New Delhi, 364-485pp.
        15. David, P.M.M. (1986). Madras Agrlc. J. 73(5): 274-277.
        16. Deeming, J.e. (1977). Bull. Entomol. Res. 67(2):337-341.
        17. Deonler, D. L. (1978). Entomologica Scandinavia, 9(3): 188-197.
        18. El-nahal, AKM., et al. (1971). Bull. Entomol. Soc. Egypt Econ. Ser., 5: 19-22.
        19. Fernando, H.E. (1978). Perade nlya, Srllanka, 66-73 p.
        20. Ferino, M.P. (1968a). Philippines Entomology, 1(1) : 3-5.
        21. Ferlno, M.P. (1968b). Philippine Agriculture, 52(6) : 332-383.
        22. Feron, M. and Audemard, H. (1956). Ann. Epiphyt., 7(3): 421-430.
        23. Fujlmakl, and Takanashl, N. (1961). Plant Prot. Hokl,Jrlku, 9 : 3-4.
        24. Funabasama, K (1966). Ann. Rep. Soc. Plant Prot., 17 : 72.
        25. Grigarlck, AA (1959). Hilgardia, 29 (1) : 80.
        26. Heinrichs, E.A. (1977) Rice Whorl Maggot (Hydrellia philippina) In the Philippines, IRRI - RRTR Rice Production
        27. Specialist course, 5p.
        28. Ismail, 1.1. et a/. (1979). Agric. Res. Rev. 57 : 87-94.
        29. Jaysslere, P. (1933) Bull. Soc. Ento. Fr., 38(6) : 86-87.
        30. Jaswant, S. et al. (1990). J. Insect Sci., 3(1) : 102-108.
        31. Joshi, R.c. et al. (1986). Quarterly Newsletter, FAO, Asia and Pacific Plant Protection Commission, 29(2): 29-44.
        32. Karim, AN.M.R. (1969).Internatlonal Rice Research Institute, Philippines, Mimeograph 31 p, (unpublished).
        33. Krishnalah, N.V. et al. (1980). Trop. Pest Mgmt., 34: 68-71.
        34. Kreiter, E.A. (1927). Bur. Appl. Ent., 3(1) : 92-98 (Summary In German)
        35. Macatula, R.F. and Mochlda, O. (1987). Int. Rice Res. News/. 12(4):39.
        36. Mani, M. and Jayaraj, S. (1976). Madras Agric.J., 63 (3): 184-186.
        37. Manjunath, T.M. (1978). Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 3(5): 22.
        38. Natarajan, K and Mathur, KC. (1980). Sci. CuI., 47(9) : 337-338, 26.
        39. Nurullah, C.M. (1979). M.S. thesis, University of the Philippines. Los &nos,120 p.
        40. Okamoto, D., Koshlhara, T. (1954). Notes on paddy stem maggot,(Hydrellla sasakll) a pest of the transplanted
        41. paddy rice, IRRI Microfilm No. 55374 (with English summary).
        42. Pantua, P.C. and Litslnger, J.A. (1987). Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 12(1):21.
        43. Patanakamjorn, S. (1964). Kasetsart Entomology Phytopathology Society, 4 : 69-73.
        44. Pathak, M.D. and Khan, Z.R. (1994). Insect Pests of Rice. International Rice Research Institute, International Centre
        45. of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philippines, 89 p.
        46. Vol. 21, No.2, 2000 115
        47. Ramamurthy, V.V, et al. (1976). Madras Agric. J., 63(5, 7) : 324-327.
        48. Ramamurthy, V.V (1977). Madras Agric. J. 64(6) : 405-406.
        49. RambaJan, L. (1979). Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 4(2) : 17.
        50. Reissig, W.H., et al. (1985) Illustrated Guide to Integrated Pest Management in Rice in Tropical Asia. International
        51. Rice Research Institute, P.O.Box 933, Manila, Philippines, 411 p.
        52. Sashidharan, N.K., et a/. (1979). Int. Rice Res. News/. 4(5) : 20.
        53. Sain, M. (1991). Intensive Agric., 28(2) : 21-29.
        54. Sain, M. et al. (1983). Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 7(5):18-19.
        55. Sain, M. Hakim, K.L. (1988). Int. Rice Res. Newsl 13(3): 17.
        56. Salazar, A, Pe~oJa, A and Duque, M. (1993). Arroz, 42 (382) : 38-40.
        57. Thomas, B. et i1I. (1971). CUrT. Sci., 40 : 498.
        58. Uthamaswamy, S. and Jayaraj, S. (1985). Pesticides, 19(9) : 37-40.
        59. Varadarajan, G. et al. (1977). Aduhturaf Report,I(6):53-55.
        60. Vayssiere, P. (1993). Bul/. Soc. Ent. Fr., 38(6) : 86-87.
        61. Velayutham, B. et al. (1973). Madras Agric. J. 60(3) : 210-213.
        62. Viajante, V.D. and Heinrichs, E. A (1985a). Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 10(1) : 24.
        63. Viajante, V.D. and Heinrichs, E. A (1985b). Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 10(1) : 23.
        64. Vlajante, VD. and Heinrichs, E. A (1986). Crop Protection, 5 : 176-181.
        65. Way, M.O. et al.·(1983). South West Entomol., 8(3) : 186-189.
        66. Webber, G. et al. (1988). Arrozenlas Americas, 9(2) : 11-14.
        67. Yeln, B.R. and Das, G.R. (1988). Pesticides, 22(10) : 37-40.
        68. Zatwarnicki, T. (1988). Polskie Asmo Entomologiezne, 58(3) : 587-6?4.
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