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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 23 issue 3 (september 2002) : 219 - 222

FIlTING GREEN MANURES IN RICE BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS - A REVIEW

R
R. Kalpana
S
S. Mythili
D
D.E. Shekinah
1Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Kalpana R., Mythili S., Shekinah D.E. (2025). FIlTING GREEN MANURES IN RICE BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 23(3): 219 - 222. doi: .

ABSTRACT

In lowland rice ecosystems, green manure is considered to be the appropriate organic source. But this necessitates farmers to set apart 6 to 8 weeks exclusively for growing green manure crops. Due to its unattractive economics, crop intensification, ease in application and ready availability of inorganic N fertilizer, the use of green manures has declined. So if green manure is to be popularized, the capital, time and labour involved in raising a green manure crop and the economical competition with other high value cash crops should be minimized which can render it as a potential component of Low Input Sustainable Agriculture. A method of introducing the green manures in the rice based cropping system without unduly affecting the net returns to the farmers is imperative. Intercropping of Sesbania with cowpea in post-rice season recorded a net return of US $ 593 ha−1 from a combination of cowpea and sesbania rows in the ratio of 3: 1. Sesbania rostrata is proved to be a more efficient green manure crop for intercropping in the semi-dry rice which produced 9078 kg ha−1 biomass and 1389 kg ha−1 of dry matter. The research findings on the opportunities for fitting green manures in the rice based cropping systems and alternate uses of green manures are reviewed.

KEYWORDS

    REFERENCES

    1. Alagappan. S. (1990). M.Sc.Ag. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
    2. Arunin, S. et a/. (1988). In: Green Manure in Rice Farming. IRRI, Manila, Philippines. 83-95.
    3. Balasubramanian, V (1989). M.Sc.Ag.Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
    4. Becker, M. et a/. (1988). BioI. Fertil. Soils. 6: 279·281.
    5. Buresh, RJ. and De Datta, SK (1991). Adv. Agron. 45: 1-59.
    6. Carangal, VR and Calub, AD. (1986). In: Proc. Sixth Annual Workshop on Fibrous Agric. Residues Res. Network,
    7. KLOS Banos, 1-3 April, 1986.
    8. Carangal, V.R. et aI. (1988). In: Proc. Crop-Animal Systems Res. Workshop, 15-19 August, Serd~, Malaysia. pp. 435-451.
    9. Ful'Oc, RE. and Manguiat, I.J. (1989). In: Symp. Bio and Organic Fertilizers, Los Banos, Philippines, October 9-12, 1989.
    10. Garrity, D.P. and Flinn, J.e. (1988). In: Green Manure in Rice Farming. IRRI, Manila, Philippines. 111-129.
    11. Garrity. D.P. et a/. (1990). RiceFarming Systems Technical Eychange. 1(1): 1-5.
    12. Jayachandran, M. and Veerabadran, V (1996). MadrasAgric. J, 83(9): 591-592.
    13. Jha, KP. eta/., (1989).lndianJ Agllc. Sci., 59: 207-210.
    14. John, P.S. et al. (1989). Fertil. News. 34(9): 19-24.
    15. Kalpana, Rand Balasubramanian,A (2000). Madras Aglic. J, 87(1-3): 93-95.
    16. Kundu, OK et al. (1993). IRRN 18(3): 27.
    17. Liu, Chung Chu. (1988). In: Green Manure in Rice Farming. IRRI, Manila, Philippines. 104-180.
    18. Mulongoy, K (1986). BioI. AgJic. HoJtic. 3: 341-348.
    19. Nur-Elahi, M.D. et al. (1991). Rice Farming Systems Technical Exchange. 1(3): 5-6.
    20. Rosegrant, M.W and Roumasset, J.A. (1988). In: Green Manure in Rice Farming. IRRI, Manila, Philippines. 11-27.
    21. Sharma, A.R. and Das. Ke. (1994) J AgJic. Sci. 122: 359-364.
    22. Somasundaram, E. et a/. (1996). Madras Aglic. J 83(12): 758-760
    23. Subedi, K (1993). IRRN 18(1): 21.
    24. Topark-Ngarm. A and Gutteridge, Re. (1985). In: Forages in South East Asian and South Pacific Agriculture, AClAR, Canberra, Australia. pp. 96-103.
    25. Torres, RO. et al. (1995). ReId Crop Res. 42: 39-47.
    26. Varughese, A. and Kumari, P.S. (1993). J Trap. Agric. 31: 259-261.
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      volume 23 issue 3 (september 2002) : 219 - 222

      FIlTING GREEN MANURES IN RICE BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS - A REVIEW

      R
      R. Kalpana
      S
      S. Mythili
      D
      D.E. Shekinah
      1Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, India

      • Submitted|

      • First Online |

      • doi

      Cite article:- Kalpana R., Mythili S., Shekinah D.E. (2025). FIlTING GREEN MANURES IN RICE BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 23(3): 219 - 222. doi: .

      ABSTRACT

      In lowland rice ecosystems, green manure is considered to be the appropriate organic source. But this necessitates farmers to set apart 6 to 8 weeks exclusively for growing green manure crops. Due to its unattractive economics, crop intensification, ease in application and ready availability of inorganic N fertilizer, the use of green manures has declined. So if green manure is to be popularized, the capital, time and labour involved in raising a green manure crop and the economical competition with other high value cash crops should be minimized which can render it as a potential component of Low Input Sustainable Agriculture. A method of introducing the green manures in the rice based cropping system without unduly affecting the net returns to the farmers is imperative. Intercropping of Sesbania with cowpea in post-rice season recorded a net return of US $ 593 ha−1 from a combination of cowpea and sesbania rows in the ratio of 3: 1. Sesbania rostrata is proved to be a more efficient green manure crop for intercropping in the semi-dry rice which produced 9078 kg ha−1 biomass and 1389 kg ha−1 of dry matter. The research findings on the opportunities for fitting green manures in the rice based cropping systems and alternate uses of green manures are reviewed.

      KEYWORDS

        REFERENCES

        1. Alagappan. S. (1990). M.Sc.Ag. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
        2. Arunin, S. et a/. (1988). In: Green Manure in Rice Farming. IRRI, Manila, Philippines. 83-95.
        3. Balasubramanian, V (1989). M.Sc.Ag.Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
        4. Becker, M. et a/. (1988). BioI. Fertil. Soils. 6: 279·281.
        5. Buresh, RJ. and De Datta, SK (1991). Adv. Agron. 45: 1-59.
        6. Carangal, VR and Calub, AD. (1986). In: Proc. Sixth Annual Workshop on Fibrous Agric. Residues Res. Network,
        7. KLOS Banos, 1-3 April, 1986.
        8. Carangal, V.R. et aI. (1988). In: Proc. Crop-Animal Systems Res. Workshop, 15-19 August, Serd~, Malaysia. pp. 435-451.
        9. Ful'Oc, RE. and Manguiat, I.J. (1989). In: Symp. Bio and Organic Fertilizers, Los Banos, Philippines, October 9-12, 1989.
        10. Garrity, D.P. and Flinn, J.e. (1988). In: Green Manure in Rice Farming. IRRI, Manila, Philippines. 111-129.
        11. Garrity. D.P. et a/. (1990). RiceFarming Systems Technical Eychange. 1(1): 1-5.
        12. Jayachandran, M. and Veerabadran, V (1996). MadrasAgric. J, 83(9): 591-592.
        13. Jha, KP. eta/., (1989).lndianJ Agllc. Sci., 59: 207-210.
        14. John, P.S. et al. (1989). Fertil. News. 34(9): 19-24.
        15. Kalpana, Rand Balasubramanian,A (2000). Madras Aglic. J, 87(1-3): 93-95.
        16. Kundu, OK et al. (1993). IRRN 18(3): 27.
        17. Liu, Chung Chu. (1988). In: Green Manure in Rice Farming. IRRI, Manila, Philippines. 104-180.
        18. Mulongoy, K (1986). BioI. AgJic. HoJtic. 3: 341-348.
        19. Nur-Elahi, M.D. et al. (1991). Rice Farming Systems Technical Exchange. 1(3): 5-6.
        20. Rosegrant, M.W and Roumasset, J.A. (1988). In: Green Manure in Rice Farming. IRRI, Manila, Philippines. 11-27.
        21. Sharma, A.R. and Das. Ke. (1994) J AgJic. Sci. 122: 359-364.
        22. Somasundaram, E. et a/. (1996). Madras Aglic. J 83(12): 758-760
        23. Subedi, K (1993). IRRN 18(1): 21.
        24. Topark-Ngarm. A and Gutteridge, Re. (1985). In: Forages in South East Asian and South Pacific Agriculture, AClAR, Canberra, Australia. pp. 96-103.
        25. Torres, RO. et al. (1995). ReId Crop Res. 42: 39-47.
        26. Varughese, A. and Kumari, P.S. (1993). J Trap. Agric. 31: 259-261.
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