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volume 23 issue 2 (june 2002) : 110-126

SALT-AFFECTED SOILS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE RICE PRODUCTION - KEY MANAGEMENT ISSUES : A REVIEW

R
R. Chhabra
1Division of Soil and Crop Management, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal-132001, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Chhabra R. (2025). SALT-AFFECTED SOILS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE RICE PRODUCTION - KEY MANAGEMENT ISSUES : A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 23(2): 110-126. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Rice is a major cereal crop of India and many other countries in the world. Reclamation of 2.359 m ha alkali soils out of 8.373 m ha of salt-affected soils holds promise for an additional area to increase rice production in developing countries like India. A package of practices consisting of proper on farm development, application of amendments, appropriate agronomic practices including fertilizer application have been evolved to get 4 to 7 t ha−1 of rice in alluvial alkali soils. To maintain productivity of salt-affected degraded soils it is important to manage these soils in such a way so as to prevent their resodication, sustain their physical and chemical properties and fertility status. Due to low use of fertilizers and organic manures, and imbalance application of nutrients there is a decline in fertility of reclaimed alkali soils. Post-reclamation management of nutrients in these soils is very crucial to sustain rice production. A major part of the rice growing area is suffering due to declining water table affecting yields and escalating costs of pumping groundwater from deeper depths. Changes in agronomic practices like banning of summer rice, delayed transplanting and better management of irrigation water are required to save groundwater, arrest falling water table and to prevent deterioration in its quality. Storing rainwater in the existing paddy fields and allowing it to seep through the soil is a natural, viable and practical solution for recharging the groundwater. Irrigation should be so planned as to avoid water stress in rice during its reproductive growth phase to minimize sterility.

KEYWORDS

    REFERENCES

    1. Abrol, I.P. and Bhumbla, D.R. (1979). SoilSci. 127:79-851
    2. Abrol, I.P. etal. (1980). In: Proc. Int. Symp. Salt-affected S.i1s, Kamal, India. pp.142-147.
    3. Anonymous. (1991). Report on Problems Identification ~n Irrigated Areas with Suggested Remedial MeasuresReport of the Working Group. Ministry of Water ~esources, Govt. of India. New Delhi.
    4. Anonymous. (1995). Agricult~ral Statistics of Punjab. Dept. pf Agriculture, Punjab. 62 p.
    5. Bhardwaj, K. K. R. and Abrol, I. P. (1978). In: Proc. Nat. Syf1p. Nitrogen Assimilation and Crop Productivfty. Hisar,
    6. India. pp. 83-96.
    7. Bhumbla, D.R. et al. (1973). Bulletin No. 1. Central Soil Salrity Research Institute, Kamal. India. pp. 43.
    8. Chhabra, R. (1985). Agron. J 77:699-702.
    9. Chhabra, R. (1988) Indian Fmg. 38 (6):39-43. .
    10. Chhabra. R. (1996). Soil Salinity and Irrigation Water Q\.I':llity. Center for Irrigation Engineering, KUL, Belgium.
    11. Oxford and IBH Publications, New Delhi, India. 284 p.
    12. ~.- 126 AGRICULTURAL REVIEWS
    13. Chhabra, Rand Abrol. I.P. (1977). Soil Sci. 124:49-55.
    14. Chhabra, Rand Abrol. I.P. (1983). Ferti/. Industry Ann. Rev. India. 11:147-159.
    15. Chhabra, R. etal. (1981). Soil Sci. 132:319-324.
    16. Chhabra, Rand Kamra, SK (2000). In: Int. Conf. Mgmt. of Natural Resources for Sustainable I'lOduction in the 21" Century. New Delhi. 1:47-49.
    17. Chhabra, R. and Thakur, N.P. l2000). .Rice-Wheat Consortium Paper Series 6, New Delhi, India. pp. 31-39.
    18. Chhabra,it "N af\19B"Z)'-{n: Annual Report. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute. Kamal', India. pp.4.
    19. Dudal. Rand Pumell. M.F. (1986). Reel. Revegetation Res. 5: 1-9.
    20. FAD (1998). FAG Yearbook Production. Rome. 51. 241 p.
    21. Hira. G.S. and Murty. V.V.N. (1985). An appraisal of waterlogging and drainage problems in South-West part of
    22. Punjab. Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Punjab ASricultural University, Ludhiana. India. pp.1-45.
    23. Massoud, EI. (1974). Salinity and Alkalinity as Soil Degradation Hazards. FAG-Unesco Publication. Rome. 74: 10.
    24. Mehta, KK (1996). In: Annual Report. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Kamal, India. pp.45.
    25. Mehta. KK and Singh, N.T. (1989). In: Annual Report. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Kamal, India. pp. 24-26.
    26. Mishra, B. and Singh, RK (2000). In: Research Highlights in Indian Agriculture (in Hindi). Central Soil Salinity
    27. Research Institute, Kamal, India.pp.165-169.
    28. Pal, OK and Mondal, R.c. (1980). J Indian Soc. Soil Sc. 28:347-354.
    29. Sharma, OK (2000). In: Rese~rch Highlights in Indian Agriculture (in Hindi). Central Soil Salinity Research Institute,
    30. Kamal, India.pp.38-42. .
    31. Sharma, RC. (1999). Lecture - Note. In: Sensitizato.n Workshop on Sub-surface Drainage for Reclamation of Waterlogged Salt affected Soils. (Unpublished) Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Kamal, India.
    32. Singandhube, R.B. (1986). Ph.D.Thesis. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute. Kamal, India. 230 p.
    33. Singh, A. etal (1979). Soil Sci. 127: 86-93.
    34. Singh, MV. eta/. (1987). J Agric. Sci. (Camb.). 106: 275-279.
    35. Singh, N.T. (1992). In: Land and Soil. (Khoshoo, T.~. and Deekshatl{lu, B.L ed.). Har-Anand Publications, New Delhi, India. pp. 65-100. .
    36. Swaroop, A. and Singh, KN. (1993). In: Annual Report. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Kamal, India. pp. 31-32
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      volume 23 issue 2 (june 2002) : 110-126

      SALT-AFFECTED SOILS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE RICE PRODUCTION - KEY MANAGEMENT ISSUES : A REVIEW

      R
      R. Chhabra
      1Division of Soil and Crop Management, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal-132001, India

      • Submitted|

      • First Online |

      • doi

      Cite article:- Chhabra R. (2025). SALT-AFFECTED SOILS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE RICE PRODUCTION - KEY MANAGEMENT ISSUES : A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 23(2): 110-126. doi: .

      ABSTRACT

      Rice is a major cereal crop of India and many other countries in the world. Reclamation of 2.359 m ha alkali soils out of 8.373 m ha of salt-affected soils holds promise for an additional area to increase rice production in developing countries like India. A package of practices consisting of proper on farm development, application of amendments, appropriate agronomic practices including fertilizer application have been evolved to get 4 to 7 t ha−1 of rice in alluvial alkali soils. To maintain productivity of salt-affected degraded soils it is important to manage these soils in such a way so as to prevent their resodication, sustain their physical and chemical properties and fertility status. Due to low use of fertilizers and organic manures, and imbalance application of nutrients there is a decline in fertility of reclaimed alkali soils. Post-reclamation management of nutrients in these soils is very crucial to sustain rice production. A major part of the rice growing area is suffering due to declining water table affecting yields and escalating costs of pumping groundwater from deeper depths. Changes in agronomic practices like banning of summer rice, delayed transplanting and better management of irrigation water are required to save groundwater, arrest falling water table and to prevent deterioration in its quality. Storing rainwater in the existing paddy fields and allowing it to seep through the soil is a natural, viable and practical solution for recharging the groundwater. Irrigation should be so planned as to avoid water stress in rice during its reproductive growth phase to minimize sterility.

      KEYWORDS

        REFERENCES

        1. Abrol, I.P. and Bhumbla, D.R. (1979). SoilSci. 127:79-851
        2. Abrol, I.P. etal. (1980). In: Proc. Int. Symp. Salt-affected S.i1s, Kamal, India. pp.142-147.
        3. Anonymous. (1991). Report on Problems Identification ~n Irrigated Areas with Suggested Remedial MeasuresReport of the Working Group. Ministry of Water ~esources, Govt. of India. New Delhi.
        4. Anonymous. (1995). Agricult~ral Statistics of Punjab. Dept. pf Agriculture, Punjab. 62 p.
        5. Bhardwaj, K. K. R. and Abrol, I. P. (1978). In: Proc. Nat. Syf1p. Nitrogen Assimilation and Crop Productivfty. Hisar,
        6. India. pp. 83-96.
        7. Bhumbla, D.R. et al. (1973). Bulletin No. 1. Central Soil Salrity Research Institute, Kamal. India. pp. 43.
        8. Chhabra, R. (1985). Agron. J 77:699-702.
        9. Chhabra, R. (1988) Indian Fmg. 38 (6):39-43. .
        10. Chhabra. R. (1996). Soil Salinity and Irrigation Water Q\.I':llity. Center for Irrigation Engineering, KUL, Belgium.
        11. Oxford and IBH Publications, New Delhi, India. 284 p.
        12. ~.- 126 AGRICULTURAL REVIEWS
        13. Chhabra, Rand Abrol. I.P. (1977). Soil Sci. 124:49-55.
        14. Chhabra, Rand Abrol. I.P. (1983). Ferti/. Industry Ann. Rev. India. 11:147-159.
        15. Chhabra, R. etal. (1981). Soil Sci. 132:319-324.
        16. Chhabra, Rand Kamra, SK (2000). In: Int. Conf. Mgmt. of Natural Resources for Sustainable I'lOduction in the 21" Century. New Delhi. 1:47-49.
        17. Chhabra, R. and Thakur, N.P. l2000). .Rice-Wheat Consortium Paper Series 6, New Delhi, India. pp. 31-39.
        18. Chhabra,it "N af\19B"Z)'-{n: Annual Report. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute. Kamal', India. pp.4.
        19. Dudal. Rand Pumell. M.F. (1986). Reel. Revegetation Res. 5: 1-9.
        20. FAD (1998). FAG Yearbook Production. Rome. 51. 241 p.
        21. Hira. G.S. and Murty. V.V.N. (1985). An appraisal of waterlogging and drainage problems in South-West part of
        22. Punjab. Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Punjab ASricultural University, Ludhiana. India. pp.1-45.
        23. Massoud, EI. (1974). Salinity and Alkalinity as Soil Degradation Hazards. FAG-Unesco Publication. Rome. 74: 10.
        24. Mehta, KK (1996). In: Annual Report. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Kamal, India. pp.45.
        25. Mehta. KK and Singh, N.T. (1989). In: Annual Report. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Kamal, India. pp. 24-26.
        26. Mishra, B. and Singh, RK (2000). In: Research Highlights in Indian Agriculture (in Hindi). Central Soil Salinity
        27. Research Institute, Kamal, India.pp.165-169.
        28. Pal, OK and Mondal, R.c. (1980). J Indian Soc. Soil Sc. 28:347-354.
        29. Sharma, OK (2000). In: Rese~rch Highlights in Indian Agriculture (in Hindi). Central Soil Salinity Research Institute,
        30. Kamal, India.pp.38-42. .
        31. Sharma, RC. (1999). Lecture - Note. In: Sensitizato.n Workshop on Sub-surface Drainage for Reclamation of Waterlogged Salt affected Soils. (Unpublished) Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Kamal, India.
        32. Singandhube, R.B. (1986). Ph.D.Thesis. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute. Kamal, India. 230 p.
        33. Singh, A. etal (1979). Soil Sci. 127: 86-93.
        34. Singh, MV. eta/. (1987). J Agric. Sci. (Camb.). 106: 275-279.
        35. Singh, N.T. (1992). In: Land and Soil. (Khoshoo, T.~. and Deekshatl{lu, B.L ed.). Har-Anand Publications, New Delhi, India. pp. 65-100. .
        36. Swaroop, A. and Singh, KN. (1993). In: Annual Report. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Kamal, India. pp. 31-32
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