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volume 24 issue 3 (september 2003) : 183 - 189

BREEDING FOR GRAIN MOULD RESISTANCE IN SORGHUM {SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH} - A REVIEW

P
P. Veerabadhiran
A
AJ. Deepalakshmi
1Department of MiDets, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Veerabadhiran P., Deepalakshmi AJ. (2025). BREEDING FOR GRAIN MOULD RESISTANCE IN SORGHUM {SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH} - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 24(3): 183 - 189. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Sorghum is one of the most important food crops for a large section of people in Asia and Africa and also a source of fodder for cattle and industrial raw material. In India, the area under sorghum cultivation is fast declining due to low demand for food, limited yield increase and poor grain quality due to grain mould attack in kharif season. Grain moulds cause both qualitative and quantitative losses. Quantitatively, losses in grain yield due to this disease have been estimated to be 30 per cent. Qualitatively, grain moulds result in mouldy and discolored pericarp, soft and chalky endosperm, reduced seed germination, decreased grain filling leading to reduced grain density and mycotoxin development leading to low price of produce. Hence, efforts are to be taken up by the breeders to develop grain mould resistant varieties and hybrids inorder to cater the needs of the farmers. Breeding for grain mould resistance in sorghum is difficult as it is a complex fungal disease. Information on the inheritance of grain mould reaction is required to facilitate breeding of resistant cultlvars. Tan plant type, hardness of grain and water absorption rate together furnishes useful criteria for breeding resistant types. The inheritance of hardness of seed and rate of water absorption are predominantly additive and selection for these characters could be effective. Higher levels of phenol and darker glumes also contributes to grain mould resistance. Grain mould resistance is generally governed by additive, gene action.

KEYWORDS

    REFERENCES

    1. Audilakshmi, S. et al. (1999). Euphytfca., 107: 91-i03.
    2. Audilakshmi, S. et al. (2000). EuphYuca, 116: 95-103.
    3. Bandyopadhyay, R. et al (1988). Plant Dis., 72: 504-508.
    4. Bueso, F.J: et al (2000). J. Agric. Food Chern., 48: 810-816.
    5. Camargo, c.a. (1982), Ph.D. Thesis, Mississippi State Univ. USA.
    6. Castor, L.L. (1977). In: Third Annual Progress Report, TAES-US/AJD Contract ta-c-1092 Texas Agricultural
    7. Experiment Station, College Station, Texas, USA.
    8. Dabholkar, A.R. and Baghel, S.R. (1980). Indian. J. Genet., 40: 472-475.
    9. Esele, J,P. et al. (1993). Phytopathology, 83: 490-495.
    10. Garud, T.B. et al (1994). Int. Sorghum MiUets News/., 35: 101-102.
    11. Ghorade, R.B. and Shekar, V.B. (1996). Ann. Plant Physiol., 10:201-205.
    12. Glueck, J.A. etal. (1977). In: Third Annual Progress Report. College Station, Texas, U.S.A. pp. 102-112.
    13. Glueck, J.A and Rooney, L.W. (1978). In : Sorghum Diseases -AWorld Review. Int. Workshop on Sorghum Diseases.
    14. 11-15 Dec. 1978, ICRISAT, Patencheru, India. pp. 119-140.
    15. Grey, E. et al (1971). Plant Disease Reporter, 55: 337-339.
    16. Kumari, S.R.. and Chandrashekar, A. (1992). J. Sci. Fd. Agric., 60: 275-282.
    17. Koteswara Rao, B. and Pooranachandrudu, P. (1971). AiJdhra AgriQri-J., 18: 153-156.
    18. House, L.R. (1985). A Guide to Sorghum Breeding. ICRISAT, Patencheru, India. pp. 134-138..
    19. Manseutus, A.S.B. (1990). Res. Training New$/., 5: 18-19. .
    20. Menkir,A'etal (1996). Cereal Chern., 73: 612-617.
    21. Mathur, S.K. et al. (1975). Seed Sci. Technol, 3: 683-690.
    22. Narayana, D. (1981): Ph. D.Thesis, TNAU, Coimbatore, India
    23. Narendrappa, T.et al. (1985).Pl Pathol News/., 3: 9-10. .
    24. Patel, RH.,etal (1983). In: Pre-congress Symposium XV International Genetics Congress held at School of
    25. Genetics, TNAU, Coimbatore, India.
    26. Prasada Rao; KE. et al. (1995). Int Sorghum MiHets News/., 36: 94-95.
    27. Rodriguez-Herrera, R. et al.(2000). Crop Sci., 40: 1573-1578.
    28. Rao, KN.cirxl Williams, R.J. (1977). The ICRISAT Sorghum Pathology, Program, International Sorghum Workshop,
    29. '6-13'March 1977, ICRISAT, Hyderabad, India:
    30. Rana, B.S. et al (1977). Indian. J. Genet., 37: 480-487.
    31. Rana, RS. etal. (1978). In: All-India Co-ordinated Sorghum Improvement Project Workshop 17-19, April 1978,
    32. Dharwad. Pp 17-19.
    33. Ramamurthi Jambunathan, et al (1986). J. Agric. Food Chern., 34: 1403-1408.
    34. Ramamurthi Jambunathan, et {Jl (1992).'J. Agric. Food Chern., 40: 1403-1408.
    35. Singh, S.D et al. (1993). Sorghum News/., 34: 24.
    36. Singh, S.D. et al (1995). Int. Sorghum MiUets News/., 36: 95-96.
    37. Vol. 24, No.3, 2003 189
    38. Singh, D.P. and Agarwal, V.K. (1986). Indian J. PL Pathol., 4: 101-104.
    39. Singh, D.P. and Agarwal, V.K. (1987). &ngladesh J. &t., 16: 111-114.
    40. Singh, D.P and Agarwal, V.K. (l989). Indian J. PlantPatho/;, 1: 103-108.
    41. Somani, R.B. and Indira, S. (1998)./nt Sorghum MiUets News/., 39: 109-110.
    42. Somani, R.B. and Indira, S. (l999). J. Myr:oL PI. Patho/;, 29: 22"24.
    43. Somani, R.B. and Indira, S. (20oo). Int. Sorghum Millets News/., 53: 68-70.
    44. Sertz, L.M. et aL(1983). Cereal Chern., 60: 125-130.
    45. Tarr, SAJ. (1974). Diseases of Sorghum, Sudan Grass and Broomcorn. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew Surrey.
    46. Williams, R.J. and Rac), K.N.{ 1981). Trap. Pest Mgmt, 27: 200-211.
    47. Utllkar, P.G. et aL (1978). J.Maharashtnl Agric. Univ., 10: 155-157
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      volume 24 issue 3 (september 2003) : 183 - 189

      BREEDING FOR GRAIN MOULD RESISTANCE IN SORGHUM {SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH} - A REVIEW

      P
      P. Veerabadhiran
      A
      AJ. Deepalakshmi
      1Department of MiDets, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, India

      • Submitted|

      • First Online |

      • doi

      Cite article:- Veerabadhiran P., Deepalakshmi AJ. (2025). BREEDING FOR GRAIN MOULD RESISTANCE IN SORGHUM {SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH} - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 24(3): 183 - 189. doi: .

      ABSTRACT

      Sorghum is one of the most important food crops for a large section of people in Asia and Africa and also a source of fodder for cattle and industrial raw material. In India, the area under sorghum cultivation is fast declining due to low demand for food, limited yield increase and poor grain quality due to grain mould attack in kharif season. Grain moulds cause both qualitative and quantitative losses. Quantitatively, losses in grain yield due to this disease have been estimated to be 30 per cent. Qualitatively, grain moulds result in mouldy and discolored pericarp, soft and chalky endosperm, reduced seed germination, decreased grain filling leading to reduced grain density and mycotoxin development leading to low price of produce. Hence, efforts are to be taken up by the breeders to develop grain mould resistant varieties and hybrids inorder to cater the needs of the farmers. Breeding for grain mould resistance in sorghum is difficult as it is a complex fungal disease. Information on the inheritance of grain mould reaction is required to facilitate breeding of resistant cultlvars. Tan plant type, hardness of grain and water absorption rate together furnishes useful criteria for breeding resistant types. The inheritance of hardness of seed and rate of water absorption are predominantly additive and selection for these characters could be effective. Higher levels of phenol and darker glumes also contributes to grain mould resistance. Grain mould resistance is generally governed by additive, gene action.

      KEYWORDS

        REFERENCES

        1. Audilakshmi, S. et al. (1999). Euphytfca., 107: 91-i03.
        2. Audilakshmi, S. et al. (2000). EuphYuca, 116: 95-103.
        3. Bandyopadhyay, R. et al (1988). Plant Dis., 72: 504-508.
        4. Bueso, F.J: et al (2000). J. Agric. Food Chern., 48: 810-816.
        5. Camargo, c.a. (1982), Ph.D. Thesis, Mississippi State Univ. USA.
        6. Castor, L.L. (1977). In: Third Annual Progress Report, TAES-US/AJD Contract ta-c-1092 Texas Agricultural
        7. Experiment Station, College Station, Texas, USA.
        8. Dabholkar, A.R. and Baghel, S.R. (1980). Indian. J. Genet., 40: 472-475.
        9. Esele, J,P. et al. (1993). Phytopathology, 83: 490-495.
        10. Garud, T.B. et al (1994). Int. Sorghum MiUets News/., 35: 101-102.
        11. Ghorade, R.B. and Shekar, V.B. (1996). Ann. Plant Physiol., 10:201-205.
        12. Glueck, J.A. etal. (1977). In: Third Annual Progress Report. College Station, Texas, U.S.A. pp. 102-112.
        13. Glueck, J.A and Rooney, L.W. (1978). In : Sorghum Diseases -AWorld Review. Int. Workshop on Sorghum Diseases.
        14. 11-15 Dec. 1978, ICRISAT, Patencheru, India. pp. 119-140.
        15. Grey, E. et al (1971). Plant Disease Reporter, 55: 337-339.
        16. Kumari, S.R.. and Chandrashekar, A. (1992). J. Sci. Fd. Agric., 60: 275-282.
        17. Koteswara Rao, B. and Pooranachandrudu, P. (1971). AiJdhra AgriQri-J., 18: 153-156.
        18. House, L.R. (1985). A Guide to Sorghum Breeding. ICRISAT, Patencheru, India. pp. 134-138..
        19. Manseutus, A.S.B. (1990). Res. Training New$/., 5: 18-19. .
        20. Menkir,A'etal (1996). Cereal Chern., 73: 612-617.
        21. Mathur, S.K. et al. (1975). Seed Sci. Technol, 3: 683-690.
        22. Narayana, D. (1981): Ph. D.Thesis, TNAU, Coimbatore, India
        23. Narendrappa, T.et al. (1985).Pl Pathol News/., 3: 9-10. .
        24. Patel, RH.,etal (1983). In: Pre-congress Symposium XV International Genetics Congress held at School of
        25. Genetics, TNAU, Coimbatore, India.
        26. Prasada Rao; KE. et al. (1995). Int Sorghum MiHets News/., 36: 94-95.
        27. Rodriguez-Herrera, R. et al.(2000). Crop Sci., 40: 1573-1578.
        28. Rao, KN.cirxl Williams, R.J. (1977). The ICRISAT Sorghum Pathology, Program, International Sorghum Workshop,
        29. '6-13'March 1977, ICRISAT, Hyderabad, India:
        30. Rana, B.S. et al (1977). Indian. J. Genet., 37: 480-487.
        31. Rana, RS. etal. (1978). In: All-India Co-ordinated Sorghum Improvement Project Workshop 17-19, April 1978,
        32. Dharwad. Pp 17-19.
        33. Ramamurthi Jambunathan, et al (1986). J. Agric. Food Chern., 34: 1403-1408.
        34. Ramamurthi Jambunathan, et {Jl (1992).'J. Agric. Food Chern., 40: 1403-1408.
        35. Singh, S.D et al. (1993). Sorghum News/., 34: 24.
        36. Singh, S.D. et al (1995). Int. Sorghum MiUets News/., 36: 95-96.
        37. Vol. 24, No.3, 2003 189
        38. Singh, D.P. and Agarwal, V.K. (1986). Indian J. PL Pathol., 4: 101-104.
        39. Singh, D.P. and Agarwal, V.K. (1987). &ngladesh J. &t., 16: 111-114.
        40. Singh, D.P and Agarwal, V.K. (l989). Indian J. PlantPatho/;, 1: 103-108.
        41. Somani, R.B. and Indira, S. (1998)./nt Sorghum MiUets News/., 39: 109-110.
        42. Somani, R.B. and Indira, S. (l999). J. Myr:oL PI. Patho/;, 29: 22"24.
        43. Somani, R.B. and Indira, S. (20oo). Int. Sorghum Millets News/., 53: 68-70.
        44. Sertz, L.M. et aL(1983). Cereal Chern., 60: 125-130.
        45. Tarr, SAJ. (1974). Diseases of Sorghum, Sudan Grass and Broomcorn. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew Surrey.
        46. Williams, R.J. and Rac), K.N.{ 1981). Trap. Pest Mgmt, 27: 200-211.
        47. Utllkar, P.G. et aL (1978). J.Maharashtnl Agric. Univ., 10: 155-157
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