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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 24 issue 2 (june 2003) : 147 - 151

BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCIES IN MULTIPLE CROPPING SYSTEMS - A REVIEW

R
RV Selvi
R
R. Kalpana
P
P. Rajendran
1Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Selvi RV, Kalpana R., Rajendran P. (2025). BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCIES IN MULTIPLE CROPPING SYSTEMS - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 24(2): 147 - 151. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Biological complexities and interaction in multiple-species cropping systems present an interesting challenge to scientists who work to improve system productivity. The efficiency of utilization of the resources is measured by the quantity of output obtained in response to the unit input used in a unit time. A study of the biological efficiencies of multiple cropping systems will help to develop more resource efficient systems suitable for different agro-ecological regions.

KEYWORDS

    REFERENCES

    1. Azam Ali, S.N. et a/. (1990). Expt/. Agric., 26: 413-427.
    2. De Datta, S.K. and Gomez,KA. (1975). Soil Sci. 120: 361-366.
    3. Donald, C.M. (1961). In: Proc. Symp. Soc. Exptl. Biol., 15th Mech. Biol. Comet. pp. 282-313.
    4. Francis, C.A. (1986). In: Multiple Cropping Systems, (C.A.Francis ed.) Macmillan Publications, New York.
    5. Goswami, N.N. et al. (1983). In: Fertiliser Use Under Multiple Cropping Systems. FAO Fertilizer and Plant Nutrition
    6. Bulletin 5, FAO, Rome. pp: 73-78.
    7. Harwood, R.R. (1984). In: Sustainable Agriculture and Integrated Farming Systems (Edens, T.C. et al. eds) Michigon
    8. State Univ. Press. East Lansing.
    9. Vol. 24, No.2, 2003 151
    10. Kanwar, J.S. etal (1982). Fertil. News. 27(2): 43-52.
    11. Lekha Sreekantan and Palaniappan, S.P. (1990). J Agron. Crop Sci, 165: 14-18.
    12. Lyman, J.K. eta/. (1986). In: Multiple Croppi~g Systems (Francis. C.A. ed.) Macmillan Publications, New York. pp:
    13. 250-266. .
    14. Marshall, B. and Willey, RW. (1983). Aeld Crop Res. 7: 141-160.
    15. Martin, G.J. (1989). Ph. D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
    16. Mathews, RB. eta/. (1991). Agric. ForestMeteor. 53: 285-301. .
    17. Natarajan, M. (1993). M.Sc (Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
    18. Natarajan, M. and Willey, RW. (1980). J Agric. Sci. (Camb) 95: 51-65.
    19. Ofori, F. and Stern, W.R. (1987). Adv. Agron. 41: 41-90.
    20. Okibgo, B.N. (1981). In: Proc. Int. Workshop on Intercropping. 10-13, Jan. 1979. ICRISAT, Hyderabad, India. pp:
    21. 155-179.
    22. Reddy, M.S. and Willey, R.W. (1981). Aeld Crops Res. 4: 13-24.
    23. Sanchez, P.A. et al. (1985). In: Trees as Crop Plants. Institute of Terrestrial EcOlogy, Natural Env. Res. Council.
    24. Senthivel, T. (1997). Ph. D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
    25. Sharma, B.R and Rajput, A.L. (1990). IndianJ Agron. 35: 85-90.
    26. Sharma, H.C. (1992). In: Proc National Sym. Resource Management for Sustainable Crop Proouction, 25-28 Feb.,
    27. 1992 at Rajasthan Agric. Univ. pp: 95-100.
    28. Singh, M. and Lal, B. (1994)./ndianJ Agron. 39~211-215.
    29. Solaiappan, R (1995). Ph. D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
    30. Subbian, P. (1989). Ph. D. Thesis, Tamil NaduAgricuItural University, Coimbatore.
    31. Subbian, P. etal (1995)./ndianJ Agron. 40:398-401.
    32. Subramanian, S. (1990). M.Sc. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, COimbatore.
    33. Tandon, H.L.S. (1987). In: Phosphorus Research and Agric. Production in India. Fertiliser Development and Consultation Organisation, New Delhi, India, pp: 160.
    34. Venugopal, K. (1978). Ph.D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
    35. Wallace, J.S. et aI. (1990). Agric. Water Mgmt. 17: 235-256. .
    36. Willey, RW. (1975). Hortic. Abstr. 45: 791-798.
    37. Willey, RW. eta/. (1983). Better Crops for Food. pp: 97.
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      volume 24 issue 2 (june 2003) : 147 - 151

      BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCIES IN MULTIPLE CROPPING SYSTEMS - A REVIEW

      R
      RV Selvi
      R
      R. Kalpana
      P
      P. Rajendran
      1Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, India

      • Submitted|

      • First Online |

      • doi

      Cite article:- Selvi RV, Kalpana R., Rajendran P. (2025). BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCIES IN MULTIPLE CROPPING SYSTEMS - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 24(2): 147 - 151. doi: .

      ABSTRACT

      Biological complexities and interaction in multiple-species cropping systems present an interesting challenge to scientists who work to improve system productivity. The efficiency of utilization of the resources is measured by the quantity of output obtained in response to the unit input used in a unit time. A study of the biological efficiencies of multiple cropping systems will help to develop more resource efficient systems suitable for different agro-ecological regions.

      KEYWORDS

        REFERENCES

        1. Azam Ali, S.N. et a/. (1990). Expt/. Agric., 26: 413-427.
        2. De Datta, S.K. and Gomez,KA. (1975). Soil Sci. 120: 361-366.
        3. Donald, C.M. (1961). In: Proc. Symp. Soc. Exptl. Biol., 15th Mech. Biol. Comet. pp. 282-313.
        4. Francis, C.A. (1986). In: Multiple Cropping Systems, (C.A.Francis ed.) Macmillan Publications, New York.
        5. Goswami, N.N. et al. (1983). In: Fertiliser Use Under Multiple Cropping Systems. FAO Fertilizer and Plant Nutrition
        6. Bulletin 5, FAO, Rome. pp: 73-78.
        7. Harwood, R.R. (1984). In: Sustainable Agriculture and Integrated Farming Systems (Edens, T.C. et al. eds) Michigon
        8. State Univ. Press. East Lansing.
        9. Vol. 24, No.2, 2003 151
        10. Kanwar, J.S. etal (1982). Fertil. News. 27(2): 43-52.
        11. Lekha Sreekantan and Palaniappan, S.P. (1990). J Agron. Crop Sci, 165: 14-18.
        12. Lyman, J.K. eta/. (1986). In: Multiple Croppi~g Systems (Francis. C.A. ed.) Macmillan Publications, New York. pp:
        13. 250-266. .
        14. Marshall, B. and Willey, RW. (1983). Aeld Crop Res. 7: 141-160.
        15. Martin, G.J. (1989). Ph. D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
        16. Mathews, RB. eta/. (1991). Agric. ForestMeteor. 53: 285-301. .
        17. Natarajan, M. (1993). M.Sc (Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
        18. Natarajan, M. and Willey, RW. (1980). J Agric. Sci. (Camb) 95: 51-65.
        19. Ofori, F. and Stern, W.R. (1987). Adv. Agron. 41: 41-90.
        20. Okibgo, B.N. (1981). In: Proc. Int. Workshop on Intercropping. 10-13, Jan. 1979. ICRISAT, Hyderabad, India. pp:
        21. 155-179.
        22. Reddy, M.S. and Willey, R.W. (1981). Aeld Crops Res. 4: 13-24.
        23. Sanchez, P.A. et al. (1985). In: Trees as Crop Plants. Institute of Terrestrial EcOlogy, Natural Env. Res. Council.
        24. Senthivel, T. (1997). Ph. D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
        25. Sharma, B.R and Rajput, A.L. (1990). IndianJ Agron. 35: 85-90.
        26. Sharma, H.C. (1992). In: Proc National Sym. Resource Management for Sustainable Crop Proouction, 25-28 Feb.,
        27. 1992 at Rajasthan Agric. Univ. pp: 95-100.
        28. Singh, M. and Lal, B. (1994)./ndianJ Agron. 39~211-215.
        29. Solaiappan, R (1995). Ph. D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
        30. Subbian, P. (1989). Ph. D. Thesis, Tamil NaduAgricuItural University, Coimbatore.
        31. Subbian, P. etal (1995)./ndianJ Agron. 40:398-401.
        32. Subramanian, S. (1990). M.Sc. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, COimbatore.
        33. Tandon, H.L.S. (1987). In: Phosphorus Research and Agric. Production in India. Fertiliser Development and Consultation Organisation, New Delhi, India, pp: 160.
        34. Venugopal, K. (1978). Ph.D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
        35. Wallace, J.S. et aI. (1990). Agric. Water Mgmt. 17: 235-256. .
        36. Willey, RW. (1975). Hortic. Abstr. 45: 791-798.
        37. Willey, RW. eta/. (1983). Better Crops for Food. pp: 97.
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