volume 24 issue 1 (march 2003) : 16 - 30

CO-FRIENDLY UTILISATION OF DISTILLERY EFFLUENT IN AGRICULTURE - A REVIEW

M. Baskar

C. Kayalvizhi

M. Subash Chandra Bose

Affiliations

¹Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry (EID Parry Project) ~.D. Agricultural College and Research Institute (TNAU) , Trichy - 9, India

Submitted|
First Online |
doi

Cite article:- Baskar M., Kayalvizhi C., Bose Chandra Subash M. (2025). CO-FRIENDLY UTILISATION OF DISTILLERY EFFLUENT IN AGRICULTURE - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 24(1): 16 - 30. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Distillery effluent, a waste water of distillery industry is of purely plant origin and contains large quantities of soluble organic matter and plant nutrients. It does not contain any toxic elements/compounds. The only problem with distillery effluent is excessive Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and electrical conductivity. These problems could be overcome either by the application of distillery effluent after proper dilution (1:10 to 1:50) with irrigation water or by pre-plant application (40 to 60 days before planting) to give sufficient time for the natural oxidation of organic matter. Application of distillery spent wash/effluent significantly increased the EC, organic carbon, available N, P, K, Ca, Mg and micronutrient status of the soil. Distillery effluent application significantly increased the yield of crops viz., sorghum, wheat, maize, sugarcane, cotton, groundnut, sunflower, soybean, sugarbeet, potatoes and other vegetables, forage crops and tree crops, but had adverse effect on legumes and no effect on rice. The untreated distillery spent wash is acidic in nature (pH- 3.5 – 4.0) which could be effectively used for the reclamation of non-saline sodic soil. The technology of using distillery effluent for composting of pressmud, pressmud along with sugarcane trash and coir waste, pressmud plus bagasse ash and city garbage have been successfully tested. Thus utilisation of distillery effluents in agriculture would save costs on fertilisers and facilitate reduction in pollution load on aquatic eco-system.

KEYWORDS

REFERENCES

Agarval, M.L. and Dua, S.P. (1976). Nat. Sem. Treatment and Disposal of Effluents from Sugar and Distillery Industry.
.BangaIore. Distillery Sec. 15-58.
Ajamal, M. and Khan, A.V. (1988). Environ: PoUut 30: 135.
Anonymous (1986). Exp. Agro-Ind. "Obispo colombres" (TiJcuman) 28: 152 (Spanish).
Anonymous (19~3). Final Report submitted by Department of Environmental Sciences. Tamil Nadu Agricultural
University, Coimbatore.
28 AGRICULTURAL REVIEWS
Baskar, M. et aL (2001). In: Proc. Nat. Sem. Use of Poor Quality Water and Sugar Industrial Effluents in Agriculture.
Feb. 5'\2001. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:76.
Bertranou, AV. eta/. (1987). Wat. Sci. Tech., 19: 1243-1246.
Blackwell, B.R. eta/. (1979). TAPPI, 62: 33-37.
Booth, R.J. and Ughtfot, C.J. (1990). Agric. Water Mgmt. , 17: 49-58.
Bouwar, H.and Choney, R.L. (1974). Adv. Agron., 26: 133-176.
Brinkman, R.T. and Sing, K.(1984). Ecology and Management of Problem Soil of Asia. Food and Fertil. Tool. Centre
Series. No.27 Taiwan, China.
Cepro, G.S. and Machado, AJ. (1987). CentroAgric., 14(4): 76-80. (Spanish)
Chang, S.J. and Li, S.W. (1988). Ann. Rpt. Taiwan Sugar Res.lnst., 11-12. .
Chapman, L.S. (1995). Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations Queensland, Australia. 1-14.
Chapman, L.S. et a/. (1994). Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations Queensland, Australia, 1-14
Chapman, L.S. etaL (1995). Proc. Australian Society of Sugateane Technologists, 199-206.
Chares, S. (1985). Sugarcane, 1987. 1: 20.
Chauhan, A (1991).lndianJ. Environ. Hlth., 33: 203-207.
Devarajan, L. and Oblisami, G. (1995). MadrasAgric. J., 82: 397~399.
Devarajan, L. and Oblisami, G. (1994). South Indian Hart., 42: 324-326. .
Devarajan, L. et a/: (1993). Final Report- 1990-1993.Department of Environmental Sciences, TNAU, Coimbatore.
Devarajan, L. et aL(1996a). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th &
29th October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:80-88. .
Devarajan, L. et a/. (1996b). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th &
29th October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:89-96. .
Devarajan, L. et aL (1996c). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th &
29th October, 1996.AC & R1, Trichy. pp:171-175.
Dhar, N.R. (1939). J.lndian Chern. Soc., 2: 105-11I.
Dhar, N.R. and Mukharji, SK (1938a). Proc. Natn. Aco. Sci. India, 6a: 297-303.
Dhar, N.R. and Mukharji, SK (1938b). Prog. Sug. Tech. Assoc. India, 5: 15-24.
Dubey, D.O. et aL (2000). Proc. Int. Conf. Managing Natural Resource for Sustainable Agric. Production in the 21Century.
2: 556-558.
Ghugare, R.v. and Magar, S.S. (1995). Bhartiya - Sugar; 22: 97c98.
. Gonzales, MY. and Tianco,AP. (1982). In: Proc. 29th Annual Convention of Sugar Tech. Assoc. Ag., Philipines,
467-490.
Gopal, H. et a/. (2001). In : Proc. Nat. Sem. Use of Poor Quality Water and Sugar Industrial Effluents in Agriculture.
Feb. 5th , 2001. AC & R1, Trichy. pp:75. .
Gurusamy, R. (1986). Pollution Control Hand Book. pp: 203-212.
Hari, O.M. etaL (1994). J. Environ. BioL, 15: 171-175.
Jadhav, H.D. and Savant, NK (1975).lndianJ. Agric. Chern., 8: 73.
Joshi, H.C. (1990). In: Proc. Nat. Sem. Management of Fisheries in Inland Open Water System$ of India, Barrackpore,
W. Bengal, India, Dec, 1998.·PP: 23~30. .
Joshi, H.C. etaL (1994). AsiaPacilicJ. Environ. Development, 1: 92-103.
Joshi, H.C. et a/. (1996). In : Pro. Nat. Symp.Use of-Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th & 29th
October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:97-107.
Juwarkar, A et a/. (1990). Environ. Monitoring Assessment, 15: 200-210.
Juwarkar, A. eta/. (1992). In: Fertilizers, Organic Manure, Recyclable Wastes and Biofertilizers. (Tandon, H.L.S. ed.)
Fertilizer Development and Consultation Organization, New Delhi, 72-90. .
Karivaratharaju (1996). Proc. Nat. Symp.Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th & 29th
October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp: 8-13.
Kathiresan, G. etaL (2001). In: Proc. Nat. Sem. Use of Poor Quality Water and.Sugar Industrial Effluents in Agriculture.
Feb. 5th,2001. AC & R1, Trichy. pp:80.
Kaushik, eta/. (1996). Water Air Soi1PoUn., 137: 39-46.
Kayalvizhi, C. et a/. (2000). SISSTA, 25: 65-70.
Kayalvizhi, C: et a/. (2001). In: Proc. Nat. Sem. Use of Poor Quality Water and Sugar Industrial Effluents in Agriculture.
Feb. 5th,2001. AC & R1, Trichy. pp:75.
Kulkarni, AD. et aL (1987). Bhartiya Sug., 12: 17-20.
Lakshmanan, A. and Gopal, N.O. (1996). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes iri.
Agriculture. 28th & 29th October,1996,AC & R1,Trichy. pp: 51-57.
Vol. 24, No. 1,2003 29
Madrod, P.v. etai. (1986). Sugarcane, 2: 23.
Manavalan; R. and Srinivasan, G. (1996). In: Proc. Nat. Symp.Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture.
28th & 29th October, 1996. AC & RI,Trichy. pp:195~196.
Manickam, T.S. (1996). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th & 29th
October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:14-22.
Mattiazo, M.E and Ada Gloria, N. (1985). STAB( Portugese), 4: 38-40.
Mena, M.A. eta/. (1986). Cien. Agric., 29: 122-127.
Mohan Rao, G. (1996). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th & 29th
October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:162-164.
Mohan Singh, M.P. etal (1993). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Improvement in Sugarcane Quality for Increasing Sugar
Production. Indian InstitUte of Sugarcane Research, Luclmow.
Mukherjee, U. and Sahai, R. (1988). Act. Botanica Indica., 14: 21-25.
Nagappan, M. et al. (1996a). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th &
29th October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:62-65.
Nagappan, M. et ai. (1996b). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th &
29th October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:66-70. .
Nagappan, M. et al (1996c). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th &
29th October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp: 176-179.
Niemelae, S.1. and Vaeaetanen, P. (1982). Appl Environ. Microbiol, 44: 264--269.
Pandey, D.K. and Soni, P. (1994). Indian J. Forestry, 17: 35-40.
Pandey, D.K. et al (1994). Adv. Pl Sci. Res., 2: 62-68.
Pathak, H. etal (1998) J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 46: 155-i57.
PatH, G.D. and Shinde, B.N. (1995). J. Indian Soc.Soil Sci., 43: 700-02.
Pawar, R.B. (1984). M.Sc.Thesis, MPAU, Rahuri. .
Perez-Zamora, F. et al (1990). Revista Industria/y Agricola de Tucuman, 67: 79-89
PUjar, S. and Manjunathaiah, H.M. (1996). In : Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in
Agriculture. 28th & 29th October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:71-79.
Rajannan, G. et al. (1996). In : Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th &
29th October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:180-187.
Rajukkannu, K. and Manickam, T.S. (1996). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in
Agriculture. 28th & 29th October, 1996.. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:23-29.
Rajukkannu, K. et al (1996a). In: Proc. ~at. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th &
29th October, 1996. AC & RI, Ttichy. pp:30-39. .
Rajukkannu, K. et al (1996b). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th &
29th October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy.pp:40-45. .
Rajukkannu, K. (2001). In: Proc. Nat. Sem. ·Use of Poor Quality Water and Sugar Industrial Effluents in Agriculture.
Feb. 5th , 2001. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:39-49.
Ramadurai, R. et ai. (1996). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th &
29th October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:1l5-1l8.
Ramalingam, P.K. et al (1996). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugat Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th
& 29th October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:1l3-1l4.
Ramaswami, P.P. (1999). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 47: 661-665.
Rani, R. and Shrlvastava, M.M. (1990). Int. J. Ecology Environ. Sci., 16: 125-132.
Rani, R. and Shrivastava, M.M. (1991). Advances in Himalayan Ecology - Recent Researches in Ecology,Environment
& Pollution, 6: 131-139.
Ravichandran, V. (1997). In: Proc. Recycling of Biomass and Industrial By-products of Sugarcane. pp: 33-38.
Recault, Y. (1990). Wat. Sci. Tech., 22: 361-372.
Sahai, R. and Neelam. (1987). Indian J. Ecology, 14: 21-25.
Samuel, G. (1986). Proc. Inter-Amen. Sugarcane Seminar. pp: 245 - 252.
Scalopi, E.J. et a/. (1989). In: 2nd Pan - American ICID Regional Conference, North Carolina. pp: 195-207.
Scandalians, J. et aJ. (1987). Revista Industrial Agricola de Tucuman., 64: 1-44.
Sengik, E. and Kiel, J.C. (1995). Revista Srasi/eira deCiencia do solo, 19: 321-326.
Sharma, b.p. et a/. (1981). Curro Agric., 5: 48-53.
Sharma, a.p. (2001). In: Proc. Nat. $em. Use of Poor Quality Water and Sugar Industrial Effluents in Agriculture.
Feb. 5th , 2001. AC & RI, Trichy. pp: 50-59.
Singh, R. eta/. (1980). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci.; 28: 38-41.
30 AGRICULTURAL REVIEWS
Somashekar, P.K. et aJ. (1984). Indian J. Environ. Hlth., 26: 36 - 146.
Sweeney, D.W. and Graetzm, D.A. (1991). Agric. Ecosystems Environ., 33~ 341-351.
Thiyagarajan, T.M. (2001). In: Proc. Nat. Sem. Use of Poor Quality Water and Sugar Industrial Effluents in Agriculture.
Feb. 5th , 2001, AC & RI, Trlchy. pp:1-19.
Usher, J.E and Wellington, J.P. (1979). Proc. ABBCT, 1: 143.
Valliappan, K. (1999). Ph.D. Thesis submitted to TNAU. Coimbatore.
VaUiappan, K. etaJ. (2001). In: Proc. Nat. Sem. Use of Poor Quality Water and Sugar Industrial Effluents in Agriculture. Feb. 5th, 2001. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:73.
Vierira, D.B. (1982). Sacchatum APe, Sao Paulo, 5: 21.26.
Vinten, A.J.A. etaJ.(1983). SoUSci. Soc. AmJ., 47: 408 -412.
Zalawadia, N.M. and Raman. S. (1994). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 42: 575-9.

Disclaimer :

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Copyright :

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Published In

Agricultural Reviews

Article Metrics

Views

Citations

Reviewed By

volume 24 issue 1 (march 2003) : 16 - 30

CO-FRIENDLY UTILISATION OF DISTILLERY EFFLUENT IN AGRICULTURE - A REVIEW

M. Baskar

C. Kayalvizhi

M. Subash Chandra Bose

Affiliations

¹Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry (EID Parry Project) ~.D. Agricultural College and Research Institute (TNAU) , Trichy - 9, India

Submitted|
First Online |
doi

Cite article:- Baskar M., Kayalvizhi C., Bose Chandra Subash M. (2025). CO-FRIENDLY UTILISATION OF DISTILLERY EFFLUENT IN AGRICULTURE - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 24(1): 16 - 30. doi: .

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

REFERENCES

Agarval, M.L. and Dua, S.P. (1976). Nat. Sem. Treatment and Disposal of Effluents from Sugar and Distillery Industry.
.BangaIore. Distillery Sec. 15-58.
Ajamal, M. and Khan, A.V. (1988). Environ: PoUut 30: 135.
Anonymous (1986). Exp. Agro-Ind. "Obispo colombres" (TiJcuman) 28: 152 (Spanish).
Anonymous (19~3). Final Report submitted by Department of Environmental Sciences. Tamil Nadu Agricultural
University, Coimbatore.
28 AGRICULTURAL REVIEWS
Baskar, M. et aL (2001). In: Proc. Nat. Sem. Use of Poor Quality Water and Sugar Industrial Effluents in Agriculture.
Feb. 5'\2001. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:76.
Bertranou, AV. eta/. (1987). Wat. Sci. Tech., 19: 1243-1246.
Blackwell, B.R. eta/. (1979). TAPPI, 62: 33-37.
Booth, R.J. and Ughtfot, C.J. (1990). Agric. Water Mgmt. , 17: 49-58.
Bouwar, H.and Choney, R.L. (1974). Adv. Agron., 26: 133-176.
Brinkman, R.T. and Sing, K.(1984). Ecology and Management of Problem Soil of Asia. Food and Fertil. Tool. Centre
Series. No.27 Taiwan, China.
Cepro, G.S. and Machado, AJ. (1987). CentroAgric., 14(4): 76-80. (Spanish)
Chang, S.J. and Li, S.W. (1988). Ann. Rpt. Taiwan Sugar Res.lnst., 11-12. .
Chapman, L.S. (1995). Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations Queensland, Australia. 1-14.
Chapman, L.S. et a/. (1994). Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations Queensland, Australia, 1-14
Chapman, L.S. etaL (1995). Proc. Australian Society of Sugateane Technologists, 199-206.
Chares, S. (1985). Sugarcane, 1987. 1: 20.
Chauhan, A (1991).lndianJ. Environ. Hlth., 33: 203-207.
Devarajan, L. and Oblisami, G. (1995). MadrasAgric. J., 82: 397~399.
Devarajan, L. and Oblisami, G. (1994). South Indian Hart., 42: 324-326. .
Devarajan, L. et a/: (1993). Final Report- 1990-1993.Department of Environmental Sciences, TNAU, Coimbatore.
Devarajan, L. et aL(1996a). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th &
29th October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:80-88. .
Devarajan, L. et a/. (1996b). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th &
29th October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:89-96. .
Devarajan, L. et aL (1996c). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th &
29th October, 1996.AC & R1, Trichy. pp:171-175.
Dhar, N.R. (1939). J.lndian Chern. Soc., 2: 105-11I.
Dhar, N.R. and Mukharji, SK (1938a). Proc. Natn. Aco. Sci. India, 6a: 297-303.
Dhar, N.R. and Mukharji, SK (1938b). Prog. Sug. Tech. Assoc. India, 5: 15-24.
Dubey, D.O. et aL (2000). Proc. Int. Conf. Managing Natural Resource for Sustainable Agric. Production in the 21Century.
2: 556-558.
Ghugare, R.v. and Magar, S.S. (1995). Bhartiya - Sugar; 22: 97c98.
. Gonzales, MY. and Tianco,AP. (1982). In: Proc. 29th Annual Convention of Sugar Tech. Assoc. Ag., Philipines,
467-490.
Gopal, H. et a/. (2001). In : Proc. Nat. Sem. Use of Poor Quality Water and Sugar Industrial Effluents in Agriculture.
Feb. 5th , 2001. AC & R1, Trichy. pp:75. .
Gurusamy, R. (1986). Pollution Control Hand Book. pp: 203-212.
Hari, O.M. etaL (1994). J. Environ. BioL, 15: 171-175.
Jadhav, H.D. and Savant, NK (1975).lndianJ. Agric. Chern., 8: 73.
Joshi, H.C. (1990). In: Proc. Nat. Sem. Management of Fisheries in Inland Open Water System$ of India, Barrackpore,
W. Bengal, India, Dec, 1998.·PP: 23~30. .
Joshi, H.C. etaL (1994). AsiaPacilicJ. Environ. Development, 1: 92-103.
Joshi, H.C. et a/. (1996). In : Pro. Nat. Symp.Use of-Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th & 29th
October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:97-107.
Juwarkar, A et a/. (1990). Environ. Monitoring Assessment, 15: 200-210.
Juwarkar, A. eta/. (1992). In: Fertilizers, Organic Manure, Recyclable Wastes and Biofertilizers. (Tandon, H.L.S. ed.)
Fertilizer Development and Consultation Organization, New Delhi, 72-90. .
Karivaratharaju (1996). Proc. Nat. Symp.Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th & 29th
October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp: 8-13.
Kathiresan, G. etaL (2001). In: Proc. Nat. Sem. Use of Poor Quality Water and.Sugar Industrial Effluents in Agriculture.
Feb. 5th,2001. AC & R1, Trichy. pp:80.
Kaushik, eta/. (1996). Water Air Soi1PoUn., 137: 39-46.
Kayalvizhi, C. et a/. (2000). SISSTA, 25: 65-70.
Kayalvizhi, C: et a/. (2001). In: Proc. Nat. Sem. Use of Poor Quality Water and Sugar Industrial Effluents in Agriculture.
Feb. 5th,2001. AC & R1, Trichy. pp:75.
Kulkarni, AD. et aL (1987). Bhartiya Sug., 12: 17-20.
Lakshmanan, A. and Gopal, N.O. (1996). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes iri.
Agriculture. 28th & 29th October,1996,AC & R1,Trichy. pp: 51-57.
Vol. 24, No. 1,2003 29
Madrod, P.v. etai. (1986). Sugarcane, 2: 23.
Manavalan; R. and Srinivasan, G. (1996). In: Proc. Nat. Symp.Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture.
28th & 29th October, 1996. AC & RI,Trichy. pp:195~196.
Manickam, T.S. (1996). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th & 29th
October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:14-22.
Mattiazo, M.E and Ada Gloria, N. (1985). STAB( Portugese), 4: 38-40.
Mena, M.A. eta/. (1986). Cien. Agric., 29: 122-127.
Mohan Rao, G. (1996). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th & 29th
October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:162-164.
Mohan Singh, M.P. etal (1993). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Improvement in Sugarcane Quality for Increasing Sugar
Production. Indian InstitUte of Sugarcane Research, Luclmow.
Mukherjee, U. and Sahai, R. (1988). Act. Botanica Indica., 14: 21-25.
Nagappan, M. et al. (1996a). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th &
29th October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:62-65.
Nagappan, M. et ai. (1996b). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th &
29th October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:66-70. .
Nagappan, M. et al (1996c). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th &
29th October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp: 176-179.
Niemelae, S.1. and Vaeaetanen, P. (1982). Appl Environ. Microbiol, 44: 264--269.
Pandey, D.K. and Soni, P. (1994). Indian J. Forestry, 17: 35-40.
Pandey, D.K. et al (1994). Adv. Pl Sci. Res., 2: 62-68.
Pathak, H. etal (1998) J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 46: 155-i57.
PatH, G.D. and Shinde, B.N. (1995). J. Indian Soc.Soil Sci., 43: 700-02.
Pawar, R.B. (1984). M.Sc.Thesis, MPAU, Rahuri. .
Perez-Zamora, F. et al (1990). Revista Industria/y Agricola de Tucuman, 67: 79-89
PUjar, S. and Manjunathaiah, H.M. (1996). In : Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in
Agriculture. 28th & 29th October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:71-79.
Rajannan, G. et al. (1996). In : Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th &
29th October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:180-187.
Rajukkannu, K. and Manickam, T.S. (1996). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in
Agriculture. 28th & 29th October, 1996.. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:23-29.
Rajukkannu, K. et al (1996a). In: Proc. ~at. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th &
29th October, 1996. AC & RI, Ttichy. pp:30-39. .
Rajukkannu, K. et al (1996b). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th &
29th October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy.pp:40-45. .
Rajukkannu, K. (2001). In: Proc. Nat. Sem. ·Use of Poor Quality Water and Sugar Industrial Effluents in Agriculture.
Feb. 5th , 2001. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:39-49.
Ramadurai, R. et ai. (1996). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugar Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th &
29th October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:1l5-1l8.
Ramalingam, P.K. et al (1996). In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Use of Distillery and Sugat Industry Wastes in Agriculture. 28th
& 29th October, 1996. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:1l3-1l4.
Ramaswami, P.P. (1999). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 47: 661-665.
Rani, R. and Shrlvastava, M.M. (1990). Int. J. Ecology Environ. Sci., 16: 125-132.
Rani, R. and Shrivastava, M.M. (1991). Advances in Himalayan Ecology - Recent Researches in Ecology,Environment
& Pollution, 6: 131-139.
Ravichandran, V. (1997). In: Proc. Recycling of Biomass and Industrial By-products of Sugarcane. pp: 33-38.
Recault, Y. (1990). Wat. Sci. Tech., 22: 361-372.
Sahai, R. and Neelam. (1987). Indian J. Ecology, 14: 21-25.
Samuel, G. (1986). Proc. Inter-Amen. Sugarcane Seminar. pp: 245 - 252.
Scalopi, E.J. et a/. (1989). In: 2nd Pan - American ICID Regional Conference, North Carolina. pp: 195-207.
Scandalians, J. et aJ. (1987). Revista Industrial Agricola de Tucuman., 64: 1-44.
Sengik, E. and Kiel, J.C. (1995). Revista Srasi/eira deCiencia do solo, 19: 321-326.
Sharma, b.p. et a/. (1981). Curro Agric., 5: 48-53.
Sharma, a.p. (2001). In: Proc. Nat. $em. Use of Poor Quality Water and Sugar Industrial Effluents in Agriculture.
Feb. 5th , 2001. AC & RI, Trichy. pp: 50-59.
Singh, R. eta/. (1980). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci.; 28: 38-41.
30 AGRICULTURAL REVIEWS
Somashekar, P.K. et aJ. (1984). Indian J. Environ. Hlth., 26: 36 - 146.
Sweeney, D.W. and Graetzm, D.A. (1991). Agric. Ecosystems Environ., 33~ 341-351.
Thiyagarajan, T.M. (2001). In: Proc. Nat. Sem. Use of Poor Quality Water and Sugar Industrial Effluents in Agriculture.
Feb. 5th , 2001, AC & RI, Trlchy. pp:1-19.
Usher, J.E and Wellington, J.P. (1979). Proc. ABBCT, 1: 143.
Valliappan, K. (1999). Ph.D. Thesis submitted to TNAU. Coimbatore.
VaUiappan, K. etaJ. (2001). In: Proc. Nat. Sem. Use of Poor Quality Water and Sugar Industrial Effluents in Agriculture. Feb. 5th, 2001. AC & RI, Trichy. pp:73.
Vierira, D.B. (1982). Sacchatum APe, Sao Paulo, 5: 21.26.
Vinten, A.J.A. etaJ.(1983). SoUSci. Soc. AmJ., 47: 408 -412.
Zalawadia, N.M. and Raman. S. (1994). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 42: 575-9.

Disclaimer :

Copyright :

APC

APC cover the cost of turning a manuscript into a published manuscript through peer-review process, editorial work as well as the cost of hosting, distributing, indexing and promoting the manuscript.

Publish With US

Submit your manuscript through user friendly platform and acquire the maximum impact for your research by publishing with ARCC Journals.

Become a Reviewer/Member

Join our esteemed reviewers panel and become an editorial board member with international experts in the domain of numerous specializations.

Open Access

Filling the gap between research and communication ARCC provide Open Access of all journals which empower research community in all the ways which is accessible to all.

Products and Services

We provide prime quality of services to assist you select right product of your requirement.

Support and Policies

Finest policies are designed to ensure world class support to our authors, members and readers. Our efficient team provides best possible support for you.

Published In

Agricultural Reviews

Editorial Board

View all (0)

CO-FRIENDLY UTILISATION OF DISTILLERY EFFLUENT IN AGRICULTURE - A REVIEW

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

REFERENCES

In this Article

APC

Publish With US

Become a Reviewer/Member

Open Access

Products and Services

Support and Policies

CO-FRIENDLY UTILISATION OF DISTILLERY EFFLUENT IN AGRICULTURE - A REVIEW

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

REFERENCES

In this Article

APC

Publish With US

Become a Reviewer/Member

Open Access

Products and Services

Support and Policies

Editorial Board