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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 25 issue 2 (june 2004) : 129 - 140

SEED HARDENING FOR FIELD CROPS - A REVIEW

A
A. Solaimalai
K
K. Subburamu
1Krishi Vigyan Kendra Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vriddhachalam - 606 001, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Solaimalai A., Subburamu K. (2025). SEED HARDENING FOR FIELD CROPS - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 25(2): 129 - 140. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Quality seeds along with other improved package of practices play a vital role in improving productivity of crops under rainfed condition, Seed hardening isa practice adopted to make crop plants resistant to soil moisture stress, NaCl, Na2SO4, KCl, MgSO4, KH2PO4, K2SO4, CaCl2, Na2HPO4, nitric acid, succinic acid, auxins, CCC, Jalshakthi, triazoles, cow's urine and cow dung extract are used as seed hardening chemicals. Hardening of seedling resulting from pre-sowing treatment is due to a number of physico-chemical changes within the cytoplasm. Pre-sowing seed hardening with different chemicals improve seed viability as well as vigour, root length, root shoot ratio and yield of rainfed crops. Research carried out on seed hardening is reviewed in this paper.

KEYWORDS

    REFERENCES

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    2. AICRPDA (1970). Annual report, All India Coordinated Research Project for Dry land Agriculture, Agricultural
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    4. Aleshin, E.P. et ai. (1989). Vestnik Sel's Khohoe Yaistevernai, 7: 107-111.
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      volume 25 issue 2 (june 2004) : 129 - 140

      SEED HARDENING FOR FIELD CROPS - A REVIEW

      A
      A. Solaimalai
      K
      K. Subburamu
      1Krishi Vigyan Kendra Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vriddhachalam - 606 001, India

      • Submitted|

      • First Online |

      • doi

      Cite article:- Solaimalai A., Subburamu K. (2025). SEED HARDENING FOR FIELD CROPS - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 25(2): 129 - 140. doi: .

      ABSTRACT

      Quality seeds along with other improved package of practices play a vital role in improving productivity of crops under rainfed condition, Seed hardening isa practice adopted to make crop plants resistant to soil moisture stress, NaCl, Na2SO4, KCl, MgSO4, KH2PO4, K2SO4, CaCl2, Na2HPO4, nitric acid, succinic acid, auxins, CCC, Jalshakthi, triazoles, cow's urine and cow dung extract are used as seed hardening chemicals. Hardening of seedling resulting from pre-sowing treatment is due to a number of physico-chemical changes within the cytoplasm. Pre-sowing seed hardening with different chemicals improve seed viability as well as vigour, root length, root shoot ratio and yield of rainfed crops. Research carried out on seed hardening is reviewed in this paper.

      KEYWORDS

        REFERENCES

        1. Ahmed, M.l. and Baig, NA (1974). PakistanJ. Sci., 26(1-6): 23-28.
        2. AICRPDA (1970). Annual report, All India Coordinated Research Project for Dry land Agriculture, Agricultural
        3. Research Station, Kovilpatti, T.N., P: 63-66.
        4. Aleshin, E.P. et ai. (1989). Vestnik Sel's Khohoe Yaistevernai, 7: 107-111.
        5. Antably, H.M.M.E. (1976). Acta Agronomica, 25: 134-141.
        6. Arjunan, A. and Srinivasan, P.S. (1989). Madras Agric. J., 76: 523-524.
        7. Asare, NK et al. (1986). Pl. Cell Physio/., 27: 383-390.
        8. Ascherman, C. et al. (1992). Seed Sci. Techno/., 20: 435-440.
        9. Asgar, J. et al. (1990). J. Agric. Res. Pakistan, 24: 305-312.
        10. Asthana, J.S. etal. (1978). IndianJ. P/. Physiol., 21: 150-155.
        11. Balasubramanian. S. (1976). Indian J. Agric. Sci., 48: 346-347.
        12. 138 AGRICULTURAL REVIEWS
        13. Bastia, D.K. et al. (1999). Indian J. Agron., 44: 621-623.
        14. Basu, R.N. (1994). Seed Sci. Technol., 22: 107-126.
        15. Bhati, D.S. and Rathore, S.S. (1988). Madras Agric. J., 75(9-10): 363-364.
        16. Chatterjee, B.N. eta/. (1985). IndianJ. Agric. Sci., 55: 262-264.
        17. Chinnaveeraraju, P. (1970). M.Sc (Ag) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univeristy, COimbatore.
        18. Chinoy, J.J. (1947). Indian Fmg., 8(2): 72-74.
        19. Cole, D.E and Christiansen, M.N. (1975). Crop Sci., 15: 410-412.
        20. Corleto, A and Mallik, A (1980). In: Proc. XIII International Grassland Congress, Leipzig, Vol: 2, P: 729-734.
        21. Corleto, A and Saqui, M. (1975). Agrochemica, 19: 147-159.
        22. Corleto, A et a/. (1977). Rivista di Agronomia, 11(3): 178-18l.
        23. Crafts, AS. et a/. (1949). In: Physiology of Plants, Chronica Botanica Co., Mass. P: 205.
        24. Das, J.e. and Choudhury, AK. (1996). Indian J. Agron., 41(3): 397-400.
        25. Dawson, M.J. (1965). Indian J. Pl. Physio/., 8: 52-56.
        26. Devarani, N. and Rangasamy, A (1998). Madras Agric. J., 85(10-12): 674-675.
        27. Devolta, AD. and Chowdappan, S.R. (1997). Madras Agric. J., 64(6): 401-03.
        28. Dharmalingam, C. and Basu, R.N. (1978). Crop. Sci., 47: 484-487..
        29. Dharmalingam, C. and Basu, R.N. (1984). Seeds and Farms, 25(5): 34-36.
        30. Dharmalingam, C. et a/. (1988). The Hindu, November 16, 1988.
        31. Domanskii, R. (1951). Fizol. Res., 6: 354-355.
        32. Eskanna, M.R. and Kulkarni, G.R. (1990). Seed Res., 18(1): 7-10.
        33. Aetcher, R.A. and Hofstra, G. (1988). In: Sterol biosynthesisinhibitbrs, Ellis Horwood Ltd, London.
        34. Aetcher, R.A. and Nath, V. (1984). Physiol. Pl., 62: 422-426.
        35. Forster, H. et a/. (1980). Zpflanzenkr P'flanzernschutz, 87: 640-653.
        36. Fuenzalida, P.J. and MeUIIi, J.I. (1991). Agro-cinencia, 4(2): 99-107.
        37. Gabr, AI. and Ashkar, S.A.E. (1977). Biologia Plantarum, 19: 391-393.
        38. Gao, J.etaJ. (1988). Can. J. Bot., 41: 1178-1185.
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        42. P: 76-77.
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        44. Hafees, AT.A. (1969). Field Crop Abstr., 24: 4444
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        46. P: 102-107.
        47. Henkel, P.A. and Kolotova, S.S. (1934). Madras Agric. J., 62: 127-130.
        48. Jacoby, B. and Oppenheimer,H.R. (1962). Phyton., 19: 109-113.
        49. Jegathambal, R. (1966). Ph.D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
        50. Jose mathew and Sankaran, S. (1993). Indian J. Agron., 38: 295-298.
        51. Kalyanasundaram, D. et al. (2002), In: Proc. National Seminar on Recent trends on the use of humic substances for
        52. sustainable agriculture, February 27-28, Annamalai University, Annalamalai Nagar, P: 48.
        53. KamalamJoseph and Rajappa Nair, N. (1989). Seed Res., 17: 188-190.
        54. Kannadasan, M. et al. (1986). Madras Agric. J., 72: 256-258.
        55. Kannaiyan, M. (1987). M.Sc (Ag) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
        56. Kareem, AA eta/. (1989). J. £co. Ent., 82(4): 1219-1223.
        57. Kariev, A (1981). Khlopkovodstvo, 3: 37-38.
        58. Karivaratharaju, TV (1973). AndhraAgric. J., 20: 115-118.
        59. Karivaratharaj, TV. and Ramakrishnan, V. (1985). Madras Agric. J., 72: 249-255.
        60. Karivaratharaju, TV and Ramakrishnan, V. (1985a). Indian J. Pl. Physiol., 28: 243-248.
        61. Karivaratharaju, T.v. etal. (1986). Madras Agric. J., 60(9-12): 1266-1272.
        62. Karivaratharaju, T.v. et al. (1995). Suggested Plans for Drought Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,
        63. Coimbatore, P: 17-35.
        64. Krishna Sastry, K.S. eta/. (1969). MysoreJ. Agric. Sci., 11: 47-49.
        65. Kulkarni, M.G. (1987). Jalshakthi. National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, P: 1-2l.
        66. Kulkarni, S.S. etal. (2002). Kisan World, 29(7): 37.
        67. Kundu, e. and Biswas, S. (1985). IRRN, 10(2):23.
        68. Lai, T.B. and Luo, SW. (1989). Hereditas, 11(5): 12-16.
        69. Vol. 25, No.2, 2004 139
        70. Lyles, L. and Fanning, C.D. (1964). Agron. J., 56: 518-520.
        71. Madhusudhana Rao, D.V et al. (1978). Mysore J, Agric. Sci., 12: 239-244.
        72. Mahadevappa, M. etal. (1989).IRRN, 14(2);26.
        73. Maitra, et al. (1998). Ihdian Agric., 42(1): ;'7-43.
        74. MandaI. AK and Basu, R.N. (1987). Field Crop Res., 15: 259-265.
        75. Manohar, M.S. and Mathu, MK (1966). Adv. Front. Pl. Sci., 17: 133-148.
        76. Martyanova, KL. (1961). Fiziol. Rast., 7: 301-302.
        77. Mehrotra, O.N. et al. (1968). Indian J. Agron., 13: 53-56.
        78. Misra, N.M. and Dwivedi, D.P. (1980). Indian J. Agron., 25(2): 230-234.
        79. Misra, N.M. and Pal, H. (1978). Indian Potash J., 3(3): 10-14.
        80. Misra, N.M. and Reddy, M.G.RK (1985). Andhra Agric. J., 32: 32-33.
        81. Nageswara Rao, B. et al. (1978). Curr. Agric., 2: 97-99.
        82. Narayanan, T.R. (195'1). Madras Agric. J., 38: 100-103.
        83. Nirmala, M. etal. (1994). Madras Agric. J., 81: 695-696.
        84. Padole, VR. (1979). J. Maharashtra Agric. Univ., 4: 85-86.
        85. Palanisamy, V and Punithavathi, N. (1998). Madras Agric. J., 85(10-12): 583-585.
        86. Parwar, HK and Kadam, R.M. (1981).J. Maharashtra Agric. Univ., 6: 75-76.
        87. Paul, S.R. (1994). J. Potassium Res., 10(1): 91-93.
        88. Paul, S.R. and Choudhury, AK (1991). Ann. Agric. Res., 12(4): 415-418.
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