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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 25 issue 1 (march 2004) : 40-48

PHYTOPHTHORANICOTIANAEVAR. PARASITICA, A VERSATILE FUNGUS CAUSING BUCKEYE FRUIT ROT OF TOMATO - A REVIEW

S
Satish K. Sharma
N
N. P.Dohro61
1JARI, Regional Station, Amartara Cottage, Cart Road, Shimla, H. P. - 171 004, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Sharma K. Satish, P.Dohro61 N. (2025). PHYTOPHTHORANICOTIANAEVAR. PARASITICA, A VERSATILE FUNGUS CAUSING BUCKEYE FRUIT ROT OF TOMATO - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 25(1): 40-48. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Buckeye fruit rot is a major limiting factor in tomato cultivation. The disease is caused by Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica, which has generally been reported to infect only green fruits. However, at places, it has been reported to infect other plant parts too. Information in this review, has been presented on distribution, losses, symptomatology, etiology, infection, host range and perpetuation of this disease. Management practices, including cultural, biological and chemical have been described in detail.

KEYWORDS

    REFERENCES

    1. Alcock, N.L. (1931). Trans. Bot. Soc, £din., 30: 332-337.
    2. Andersson, L. (1987). Arbetsrapport U-LancJsavdelningen Svereges Lontbrukuniver sitet No. 56.22
    3. Baker, R.E.D. (1939). Trop. Agric. Trin., 18: 252-257.
    4. Bewley, W.F, (1922). J. Res. HortSci., 47:169-174.
    5. Bharadwaj, C.L. (1991). IndianJ. Mycol PI. Path., 21.: 56-59.
    6. Bhardwaj, C.L. etal (1995).lndianJ.Agric. Sci., 65: 148-151.
    7. Bryant, L.R. arid Kreutzer, W.A. (1945). Food Packer, 26(8): 59-60.
    8. Conners, I.L. (1937). 17th AnnualReport of The Canadian Plant Disease Survey. XI + 87pp.
    9. CritopouIos, P.O. (1954). Phytopathology, 44: 551.
    10. Das, S.R. and Mohanty, N.N. (1987)./ndianJ. PI. Path., 5: 81-82.
    11. Dodan, 0.5. and Shyam K.R. (1994). J. Mycol PI. Path., 24: 196-201.
    12. Dodan, 0.5. eta! (1994). PI. Dis. Res., 9: 141-144.
    13. DodC!n, 0.5. (1995). PI. Dis. Res., 10: 1~5-136.
    14. Dodan 0.5. C!nd Shyam, K.R. (1996). Indian J. MycolPi. Path., 26: 300.
    15. Erwin, D.C. etal.(1983). Phytophthora; its Biology, Taxonomy, Ecology and Pathology. The American
    16. Phytopathological Society 51. Paul, Minnesota 392p.
    17. Fag~ria, M.S. (1994). Ph. D. Thesis UHF, Nauni. pp. 99 .
    18. Fageria, M.S. etal (1998). J. Mycol PI. Path.; 28:.52-53.
    19. Vol. 25, No.1, 2004 47
    20. F.A.O. (1994). Production YearBook. 48: 129-130.
    21. Felix, EL (1948). Phytopatholt;gy,38: 569.
    22. Felix, EL (1953). PfJytopathology, 43: 290.
    23. Fulton, J.P. (1954). Arkans. Fm. Res., 3: 6.
    24. Fulton, J.R. and Fulton, N.D. (1951). Phytopathology, 41: 99-10I.
    25. Goidanich, G. (1936). Bull. Staz. Pat. Veg. Rome, N.S. 16: 115-138.
    26. Glasscok, H.H. and Dermott, W. (1950). J. Hort. Sci., 25: 151-154.
    27. Gram, E. eta/. (1927).Tidskr. Planteaue, 35: 778-836.
    28. Green, D. (1941). J.R. Hort. Soc., 5: 168-173.
    29. Gunther, E. and Grummer, G. (1958). Gartenbauwiss, 23: 130-159..
    30. Gupta, SK etal. (1998). PI. Dis. Res., 13: 201-203.
    31. Hickman, e.T. (1958). Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc., 41: 1-13.
    32. Holliday, P. (1989). A dictionary of Plant Pathology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, 364p.·
    33. Hopkins, J.C.F. (1945). Rhod. Agric. J., 42: 81-87.
    34. Hotson, JW. and Hortge, L. (1923). Phytopathology, 13: 520-53I.
    35. Hoy, MW. etal. (1984). Phytopathology, 74: 474-478.
    36. Jain, S.S. eta/. (1961). Proc.lndian Sci. Congo Assoc., 50: 351-352.
    37. Katser, A. (1938). Boll. Staz. Pat. [kg. Roma, NS 27: 367-352.
    38. Kendrick, J.B. (1923). Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci., 38: 299-306.
    39. Kohli, UK et a/. (1995). Annl. Agric. Res., 17: 244-248.
    40. Kohli, UK et al. (1995). Nat Symp. Recent Developments in Vegetable Improvementspp.15 (Abs). 2-5 Feb, 1995,
    41. IGKW, Raipur, India.
    42. Kouyeas, V. (1953). Ann. Insf. Phytopath Benaki, 7: 40-53.
    43. Kreutzer, W.A. and Bryant, L.R (1944). Phytopathology, 34: 845"847.
    44. Kumar, V. et a/. (1997). PI. Dis. Res., 12: 90-94.
    45. Lavallee, E. (1941). Ann. Ass. Canad. Franc. Sci., 6: 136-137.
    46. Loest, F.C. (1948). Fmg. S. Africa, 23: 304-307.
    47. Marras, F. (1964). Riv. Orto-Dorofrufflc. Italy, 47: 587-593.
    48. McIntosh, A.E.S. (1951). AnnualReport ofthe Department ofAgriculture,Malaya, for the li>ar 1949. 87.
    49. Obrero, F.C. and Aragaki, M. (1965). PI. Dis. Rep., 49: 327-33I.
    50. Perez, M.C. etal. (1986). Centro Agricola,. 13: 3-16.
    51. Perez, P.e. et a/. (1989a). Centro Agricola, 16: 26-33.
    52. Perez, P.H.C. eta/. (1989b). Centro Agricola, 16: 66-73.
    53. Raicu, C. and Stan, G. (1973). Revista de Horticultura, Si. Viticuitura, 22: 65-70.
    54. Raicu, C. eta/. (1974). An.lnsf. Cere. Legumicult, Si. Roricult., 3: 349-356.
    55. Ramakrishnan, T.S. and Soumini, CK (1947). Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sec. B. 25: 39-42.
    56. Rao, RN.M. (1984).lndianPhytopath.,37: 633-636.
    57. Rao, v.G. (1966). Mycopath. Mycol. Appl., 28: 165.
    58. Reddick, D. (1920). Phytopathology, 10: 528-534.
    59. Rattan, RS. and Saini, S.S. (1979a). Veg. Sci., 6: 54-56.
    60. Rattan, RS. and Saini,S.S. (1979b). Euphytica, 2: 15-317.
    61. Richardson, L.T (1941). Can. J. Res. Sec. e. 19: 46-483.
    62. Rosenbaum, J. (1920). Phytopathology, 10: 101-105. .
    63. Samuel, G. (1930). J. Dept. Agric. S Australia, 34: 1'54-166. .
    64. Sarejanni, JA (1936). Ann. Inst. Phytopathology Benaki, Greece 2: 5-52.
    65. Satour, M.M. and Butler, E.E. (1966). Phytopathology, 52: WI.
    66. Satour, M.M. and Butler, E.E. (1967). Phytopathology, 52: 0-515.
    67. Sharma, AK (1992). Indian J. Mycol. PI. Path., 22: 7·288. .
    68. Sharma, RC. and Sharma, S.L. (1982).lndianJ. Myco1. PI. Pathol., 12: 57-59.
    69. Sharma,.RC. and Sharma, S.L. (1987). PAUJ.Res., 24: 449-452.
    70. Sharma, R.C. and Singh, H. (1992)". PI. Dis. Res., 7: 90-9I.
    71. Sharma, S.L. (1971). Ph. D. Thesis, Punjab Univr!T'SityChandigarh, 168pp.
    72. Sharma, SL and Bhardwaj, S.S. (1977)./ndian. J.fj(p. BioI., 15: 688.
    73. Sharma, S.L. et al. (1975). Indian J. Exp. Bio/., 13: 328-.325.
    74. Sharma, S.L. eta/. (1976). &vaka, 4: 61-63.
    75. Sharma, S.L. etal. (1979). Indian Phytopath., 31: 424-429.
    76. 48 AGRIGULTURAL REVIEWS
    77. Sharma, S.L et al. (1977a). Indian J. Mycol PI. Path., 6: 130"134.
    78. Sharma, S.L. etal. (1977b).lndianJ. Mycol PI. Path., 6: 51-54.
    79. Sharma, S.L. etal. (1976). IndianJ. Agric. Sci., 44: 323-324.
    80. Sharma, S.R. and Sohi, H.S. (1983). J. Turkish Phytopathology, 12: 19-26.
    81. Sherbakoff, C.D. (1917). Phytopathology, 7: 119-129.
    82. Shyam, KR. and Dodan, D.S. (1991). PI. Dis. Res., 6: 126-128.
    83. Shyam, KR. and Gupta, S.K. (1996a).lndianJ. Agric. ScI:, 66: 30'1-312.
    84. Shyam, KR. and Gupta, S.K. (1996b). Nat. Symp. PI. Dis. HoUsticApp. Mgt.ISOPp, UHF, Nauni, HP. Dec., 17-18,
    85. pp. 16. •
    86. Simonds, A.D. and Kreutzer, WA (1944). Phytopathology, 34: 813-817.
    87. Singh, B. and Srivastava, HC. (1953). J. Indian Bot. Soc., 32: 1-16.
    88. Singh, R.S. (1985). Di!ieases of Vegetable Crops. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. New Delhi pp. 81-83.
    89. Singh, Y. and Jamwal, R.S. (1996). Himachal J. Agric. Res., 22: 23-30.
    90. Singh, Y. etal. (1997).lndianc{. HiUFarming, 10: 10-15.
    91. Sokhi, S.S. and Sohi, H.S. (1975). Indian Phytopath., 27: 444-445.
    92. Srivastava, M.P. (1981). Agric. Univ. J. Res., 1: 363-364.
    93. Taylor, W.H. (1924). N.Z J. Agric., 29: 40-43.
    94. Thapa, C.D, and Sharma, S.L. (1978).lndianJ. PI. Prot., 6:76-78.
    95. Threja, R.K. and Srivastava, M.P. (1989)./ndian Phytopath., 42: 297.
    96. Threja, R.K. etal. (1989)./ndianPhytopath., 42: 582-584.
    97. Thomas, KM. etal. (1947). Proc.lndianAcad. Sci. Sec. B, 26: 147-163.
    98. Tompkins, C.M. and Tucker, C.M. (1941). J. Agric. Res., 62: 467-474.
    99. Trique, B. (1977). Comptes Randus Helxiomadaires des Seance de I, Academic des Sciences 284 : 1533-1536.
    100. Trotta, A. et al. (1996). PI. Soil, 185: 199-209.
    101. Tsintsadze, N.M. and Tsilosani, G.A. (1973). Trudy Nauchno-Issledovatel Skogo.lnstituta Zashchiiy Rastenii Gruz. SSR, 25, 155-158.
    102. Tucker, C.M. (1931). Mo. Agric. Exp. St. Res. BuD., 153pp.
    103. Verma, T.S. etal (1994). Himachal J. Agric. Res., 20: 44-48.
    104. Wager, W.A. (1935). S. Africa. J. Sci., 32: 235-237.
    105. Walker, J.C. (1952). Diseases of Vegetable Crops. McGraw HillBook Company, Inc. New York, pp 459-461.
    106. Wei, C.T. and Cheo, P.C. (1946). Chin. J. Agric. Sci., 1: 288-291.
    107. Welch, F.J. (1949). Miss. Fm. Res., 12: 3-8-
    108. Weststeijn, G,(1973). NetherJandJ. PI. Path. Suppl, 1: 86.
    109. \Ni\\i~,P.H.(1941).Fruitgrower, 2372: 465-467.
    110. WiIIlarns, P.H. and Sheard, E. (1943). Gdnr,s Chrpn. Ser. 3. CXN 96-97.
    111. WiUiams, PH. etIII (1943). M~oIogicai Rep. Exp. Res. Sta. Cheshunt, 28-52.
    112. Williams, P.H eta/. (1949). Rep. Exp. Res. Sta.CheshuntPP-13, 20-21; 24-42, 73-81.
    113. Williams, P.H eta/. (1946). Rep. Exp. Res. Sta. Cheshunt, 20-45 and 64-:70.
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      volume 25 issue 1 (march 2004) : 40-48

      PHYTOPHTHORANICOTIANAEVAR. PARASITICA, A VERSATILE FUNGUS CAUSING BUCKEYE FRUIT ROT OF TOMATO - A REVIEW

      S
      Satish K. Sharma
      N
      N. P.Dohro61
      1JARI, Regional Station, Amartara Cottage, Cart Road, Shimla, H. P. - 171 004, India

      • Submitted|

      • First Online |

      • doi

      Cite article:- Sharma K. Satish, P.Dohro61 N. (2025). PHYTOPHTHORANICOTIANAEVAR. PARASITICA, A VERSATILE FUNGUS CAUSING BUCKEYE FRUIT ROT OF TOMATO - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 25(1): 40-48. doi: .

      ABSTRACT

      Buckeye fruit rot is a major limiting factor in tomato cultivation. The disease is caused by Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica, which has generally been reported to infect only green fruits. However, at places, it has been reported to infect other plant parts too. Information in this review, has been presented on distribution, losses, symptomatology, etiology, infection, host range and perpetuation of this disease. Management practices, including cultural, biological and chemical have been described in detail.

      KEYWORDS

        REFERENCES

        1. Alcock, N.L. (1931). Trans. Bot. Soc, £din., 30: 332-337.
        2. Andersson, L. (1987). Arbetsrapport U-LancJsavdelningen Svereges Lontbrukuniver sitet No. 56.22
        3. Baker, R.E.D. (1939). Trop. Agric. Trin., 18: 252-257.
        4. Bewley, W.F, (1922). J. Res. HortSci., 47:169-174.
        5. Bharadwaj, C.L. (1991). IndianJ. Mycol PI. Path., 21.: 56-59.
        6. Bhardwaj, C.L. etal (1995).lndianJ.Agric. Sci., 65: 148-151.
        7. Bryant, L.R. arid Kreutzer, W.A. (1945). Food Packer, 26(8): 59-60.
        8. Conners, I.L. (1937). 17th AnnualReport of The Canadian Plant Disease Survey. XI + 87pp.
        9. CritopouIos, P.O. (1954). Phytopathology, 44: 551.
        10. Das, S.R. and Mohanty, N.N. (1987)./ndianJ. PI. Path., 5: 81-82.
        11. Dodan, 0.5. and Shyam K.R. (1994). J. Mycol PI. Path., 24: 196-201.
        12. Dodan, 0.5. eta! (1994). PI. Dis. Res., 9: 141-144.
        13. DodC!n, 0.5. (1995). PI. Dis. Res., 10: 1~5-136.
        14. Dodan 0.5. C!nd Shyam, K.R. (1996). Indian J. MycolPi. Path., 26: 300.
        15. Erwin, D.C. etal.(1983). Phytophthora; its Biology, Taxonomy, Ecology and Pathology. The American
        16. Phytopathological Society 51. Paul, Minnesota 392p.
        17. Fag~ria, M.S. (1994). Ph. D. Thesis UHF, Nauni. pp. 99 .
        18. Fageria, M.S. etal (1998). J. Mycol PI. Path.; 28:.52-53.
        19. Vol. 25, No.1, 2004 47
        20. F.A.O. (1994). Production YearBook. 48: 129-130.
        21. Felix, EL (1948). Phytopatholt;gy,38: 569.
        22. Felix, EL (1953). PfJytopathology, 43: 290.
        23. Fulton, J.P. (1954). Arkans. Fm. Res., 3: 6.
        24. Fulton, J.R. and Fulton, N.D. (1951). Phytopathology, 41: 99-10I.
        25. Goidanich, G. (1936). Bull. Staz. Pat. Veg. Rome, N.S. 16: 115-138.
        26. Glasscok, H.H. and Dermott, W. (1950). J. Hort. Sci., 25: 151-154.
        27. Gram, E. eta/. (1927).Tidskr. Planteaue, 35: 778-836.
        28. Green, D. (1941). J.R. Hort. Soc., 5: 168-173.
        29. Gunther, E. and Grummer, G. (1958). Gartenbauwiss, 23: 130-159..
        30. Gupta, SK etal. (1998). PI. Dis. Res., 13: 201-203.
        31. Hickman, e.T. (1958). Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc., 41: 1-13.
        32. Holliday, P. (1989). A dictionary of Plant Pathology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, 364p.·
        33. Hopkins, J.C.F. (1945). Rhod. Agric. J., 42: 81-87.
        34. Hotson, JW. and Hortge, L. (1923). Phytopathology, 13: 520-53I.
        35. Hoy, MW. etal. (1984). Phytopathology, 74: 474-478.
        36. Jain, S.S. eta/. (1961). Proc.lndian Sci. Congo Assoc., 50: 351-352.
        37. Katser, A. (1938). Boll. Staz. Pat. [kg. Roma, NS 27: 367-352.
        38. Kendrick, J.B. (1923). Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci., 38: 299-306.
        39. Kohli, UK et a/. (1995). Annl. Agric. Res., 17: 244-248.
        40. Kohli, UK et al. (1995). Nat Symp. Recent Developments in Vegetable Improvementspp.15 (Abs). 2-5 Feb, 1995,
        41. IGKW, Raipur, India.
        42. Kouyeas, V. (1953). Ann. Insf. Phytopath Benaki, 7: 40-53.
        43. Kreutzer, W.A. and Bryant, L.R (1944). Phytopathology, 34: 845"847.
        44. Kumar, V. et a/. (1997). PI. Dis. Res., 12: 90-94.
        45. Lavallee, E. (1941). Ann. Ass. Canad. Franc. Sci., 6: 136-137.
        46. Loest, F.C. (1948). Fmg. S. Africa, 23: 304-307.
        47. Marras, F. (1964). Riv. Orto-Dorofrufflc. Italy, 47: 587-593.
        48. McIntosh, A.E.S. (1951). AnnualReport ofthe Department ofAgriculture,Malaya, for the li>ar 1949. 87.
        49. Obrero, F.C. and Aragaki, M. (1965). PI. Dis. Rep., 49: 327-33I.
        50. Perez, M.C. etal. (1986). Centro Agricola,. 13: 3-16.
        51. Perez, P.e. et a/. (1989a). Centro Agricola, 16: 26-33.
        52. Perez, P.H.C. eta/. (1989b). Centro Agricola, 16: 66-73.
        53. Raicu, C. and Stan, G. (1973). Revista de Horticultura, Si. Viticuitura, 22: 65-70.
        54. Raicu, C. eta/. (1974). An.lnsf. Cere. Legumicult, Si. Roricult., 3: 349-356.
        55. Ramakrishnan, T.S. and Soumini, CK (1947). Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sec. B. 25: 39-42.
        56. Rao, RN.M. (1984).lndianPhytopath.,37: 633-636.
        57. Rao, v.G. (1966). Mycopath. Mycol. Appl., 28: 165.
        58. Reddick, D. (1920). Phytopathology, 10: 528-534.
        59. Rattan, RS. and Saini, S.S. (1979a). Veg. Sci., 6: 54-56.
        60. Rattan, RS. and Saini,S.S. (1979b). Euphytica, 2: 15-317.
        61. Richardson, L.T (1941). Can. J. Res. Sec. e. 19: 46-483.
        62. Rosenbaum, J. (1920). Phytopathology, 10: 101-105. .
        63. Samuel, G. (1930). J. Dept. Agric. S Australia, 34: 1'54-166. .
        64. Sarejanni, JA (1936). Ann. Inst. Phytopathology Benaki, Greece 2: 5-52.
        65. Satour, M.M. and Butler, E.E. (1966). Phytopathology, 52: WI.
        66. Satour, M.M. and Butler, E.E. (1967). Phytopathology, 52: 0-515.
        67. Sharma, AK (1992). Indian J. Mycol. PI. Path., 22: 7·288. .
        68. Sharma, RC. and Sharma, S.L. (1982).lndianJ. Myco1. PI. Pathol., 12: 57-59.
        69. Sharma,.RC. and Sharma, S.L. (1987). PAUJ.Res., 24: 449-452.
        70. Sharma, R.C. and Singh, H. (1992)". PI. Dis. Res., 7: 90-9I.
        71. Sharma, S.L. (1971). Ph. D. Thesis, Punjab Univr!T'SityChandigarh, 168pp.
        72. Sharma, SL and Bhardwaj, S.S. (1977)./ndian. J.fj(p. BioI., 15: 688.
        73. Sharma, S.L. et al. (1975). Indian J. Exp. Bio/., 13: 328-.325.
        74. Sharma, S.L. eta/. (1976). &vaka, 4: 61-63.
        75. Sharma, S.L. etal. (1979). Indian Phytopath., 31: 424-429.
        76. 48 AGRIGULTURAL REVIEWS
        77. Sharma, S.L et al. (1977a). Indian J. Mycol PI. Path., 6: 130"134.
        78. Sharma, S.L. etal. (1977b).lndianJ. Mycol PI. Path., 6: 51-54.
        79. Sharma, S.L. etal. (1976). IndianJ. Agric. Sci., 44: 323-324.
        80. Sharma, S.R. and Sohi, H.S. (1983). J. Turkish Phytopathology, 12: 19-26.
        81. Sherbakoff, C.D. (1917). Phytopathology, 7: 119-129.
        82. Shyam, KR. and Dodan, D.S. (1991). PI. Dis. Res., 6: 126-128.
        83. Shyam, KR. and Gupta, S.K. (1996a).lndianJ. Agric. ScI:, 66: 30'1-312.
        84. Shyam, KR. and Gupta, S.K. (1996b). Nat. Symp. PI. Dis. HoUsticApp. Mgt.ISOPp, UHF, Nauni, HP. Dec., 17-18,
        85. pp. 16. •
        86. Simonds, A.D. and Kreutzer, WA (1944). Phytopathology, 34: 813-817.
        87. Singh, B. and Srivastava, HC. (1953). J. Indian Bot. Soc., 32: 1-16.
        88. Singh, R.S. (1985). Di!ieases of Vegetable Crops. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. New Delhi pp. 81-83.
        89. Singh, Y. and Jamwal, R.S. (1996). Himachal J. Agric. Res., 22: 23-30.
        90. Singh, Y. etal. (1997).lndianc{. HiUFarming, 10: 10-15.
        91. Sokhi, S.S. and Sohi, H.S. (1975). Indian Phytopath., 27: 444-445.
        92. Srivastava, M.P. (1981). Agric. Univ. J. Res., 1: 363-364.
        93. Taylor, W.H. (1924). N.Z J. Agric., 29: 40-43.
        94. Thapa, C.D, and Sharma, S.L. (1978).lndianJ. PI. Prot., 6:76-78.
        95. Threja, R.K. and Srivastava, M.P. (1989)./ndian Phytopath., 42: 297.
        96. Threja, R.K. etal. (1989)./ndianPhytopath., 42: 582-584.
        97. Thomas, KM. etal. (1947). Proc.lndianAcad. Sci. Sec. B, 26: 147-163.
        98. Tompkins, C.M. and Tucker, C.M. (1941). J. Agric. Res., 62: 467-474.
        99. Trique, B. (1977). Comptes Randus Helxiomadaires des Seance de I, Academic des Sciences 284 : 1533-1536.
        100. Trotta, A. et al. (1996). PI. Soil, 185: 199-209.
        101. Tsintsadze, N.M. and Tsilosani, G.A. (1973). Trudy Nauchno-Issledovatel Skogo.lnstituta Zashchiiy Rastenii Gruz. SSR, 25, 155-158.
        102. Tucker, C.M. (1931). Mo. Agric. Exp. St. Res. BuD., 153pp.
        103. Verma, T.S. etal (1994). Himachal J. Agric. Res., 20: 44-48.
        104. Wager, W.A. (1935). S. Africa. J. Sci., 32: 235-237.
        105. Walker, J.C. (1952). Diseases of Vegetable Crops. McGraw HillBook Company, Inc. New York, pp 459-461.
        106. Wei, C.T. and Cheo, P.C. (1946). Chin. J. Agric. Sci., 1: 288-291.
        107. Welch, F.J. (1949). Miss. Fm. Res., 12: 3-8-
        108. Weststeijn, G,(1973). NetherJandJ. PI. Path. Suppl, 1: 86.
        109. \Ni\\i~,P.H.(1941).Fruitgrower, 2372: 465-467.
        110. WiIIlarns, P.H. and Sheard, E. (1943). Gdnr,s Chrpn. Ser. 3. CXN 96-97.
        111. WiUiams, PH. etIII (1943). M~oIogicai Rep. Exp. Res. Sta. Cheshunt, 28-52.
        112. Williams, P.H eta/. (1949). Rep. Exp. Res. Sta.CheshuntPP-13, 20-21; 24-42, 73-81.
        113. Williams, P.H eta/. (1946). Rep. Exp. Res. Sta. Cheshunt, 20-45 and 64-:70.
        In this Article
          Contact us
          Follow us
          Published In
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