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volume 27 issue 3 (september 2006) : 229 - 231

CEREAL CROPS RESPONSE TO AZOTOBACTER - A REVIEW

M
M.S. Singh
1College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal - 795 004, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Singh M.S. (2025). CEREAL CROPS RESPONSE TO AZOTOBACTER - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 27(3): 229 - 231. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Castor wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ricini Nanda and Prasad) is the most important disease of castor at present in India. The symptoms of the disease are more prominent at flowering and spike formation stage as gradual yellowing, inter-veinal necrosis, hang down of leaves and blackening and necrosis of roots. A great deal of variability in the pathogen exists. Reniform nematodes predispose plants for infection by wilt pathogen. Infected seeds play an important role in the perpetuation and spread of the pathogen. The favourable temperature for infection by wilt pathogen is 13–15°C. Application of bio-agents like Trichoderma spp. and chemical like carbendazim as seed treatment as well as use of resistant cultivars along with proper cultural practices like soil solarization provides an effective control of the disease.

KEYWORDS

    REFERENCES

    1. Allison, F.E. (1947). Historical Soil Sci., 64: 413-427.
    2. Apte, R. and Grand Shende, S.T. (1981). Zbl. Bakt. Parasitikde Abt. II, 136: 555-559.
    3. Bagal, B.K. et al. (1985). J. Maharashtra Agric. Univer., 10: 141-142.
    4. Banerjee, S. (1976). M.Sc. Thesis, G.B.P.U.A. and T., Pantnagar.
    5. Bhargava S.S. et al. (1981). Agric. Sci. Digest., 1: 133-134.
    6. Brown, M.E. and Burlinggham, S.K. (1968). J. Microbiol., 53: 135-144.
    7. Boddey, R.M. and Doberiner, J. (1984). Current Developments in Biological Nitrogen Fixation. Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., London, U.K. pp. 277-313.
    8. Coppola, S. et al. (1971). Annali di Microbiologia ed Enzimologia., 21: 45-53.
    9. Engel, H. (1931). On the changes of Azotobacter nitrogen occurring in the soil. Z. Pflaz. Dung IU. Bodenk., 21A-32-46.
    10. Jagtap, B.K. and Singte, A.K. (1982). J. Indian Soc. Sci., 30: 210-212.
    11. Kannaiyan, S. (1980). Plant Soil, 56: 487-490.
    12. Kundu, B.S. and Gaur, A.C. (1984). Plant and Soil, 79: 227-234.
    13. Mallikarjunaiah, R.R. and Bhide, V.P. (1985). Azotobacter. Zetrralblatt-fur-Mikrobiologie., 140: 205-211.
    14. Maryenko, V.G. (1964). Zavisimost lurozaja kukuruzyl balansa azota Aztobacter chroococcum V usbvijah monobakterialznoj kultury (Dependence of maize klyeidl and nitrogen balance kon Azotobacter chroococcum in the jkcodnitions of monobacterial lcultivatiions). Doktl ISHA. No.99, pp. 399-406.
    15. Mehrotra, C.L. and Lehri, L.K. (1971). J. Indian Soc. Sci., 19: 243-248.
    16. Meshran, S.U. and Shende, S.T. (1982). Plant Soil, 69: 265-272.
    17. Mohammad, G. (1986). Oryza, 24: 265-267.
    18. Naphade, K.T. (1984). Punjabrao-Krishi-Vidyapeet Res. J., 8: 15-18.
    19. Patil S. et al. (1976). Madras Agric. J., 63: 600-602.
    20. Prasad, J. and Singh, R.S. (1984). Indian J. Agric. Res., 18: 63-67.
    21. Ram, G. et al. (1985). J. Indian Soc. Soil. Sci., 33: 424-426.
    22. Rangaswami, G. (1975). Pesticides, 9: 58-60.
    23. Sheloumova, A. (1941). Mikrobiol., USSR, 10: 33-41 (Cited from Soils and Fert., 6: 137).
    24. Shende, S.T. et al. (1977). Indian J. Genetics, 35: 314.
    25. Singh, M.S. and Singh, N.I. (1996). CAU Newsletter, 1: 2.
    26. Singh, M.S. et al. (1999). Indian J. Hill Farming, 12(1 and 2): 22-24.
    27. Singh, M.S. et al. (2000). Indian J. Hill Farming,13(1 and 2): 22-24.
    28. Singh, M.S. and Singh, O.B. (2005). J. Ecobiol., 17: 113-116.
    29. Sundara Rao, N.S. et al. (1963). Indian J. Sci., 33: 279-290.
    30. Turchin, F.V. (1956). Pochbovedeni, 6: 15 (Cited from Soils and Fert., 20: 171).
    31. Wani, S.P. et al. (1976). Curr. Res., 5: 209.
    32. Wani, S.P. (1988). In: Biological Nitrogen Fixation : Recent Developments. (Sundra Rao, N.S. ed). Oxford and IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi, 125.
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      volume 27 issue 3 (september 2006) : 229 - 231

      CEREAL CROPS RESPONSE TO AZOTOBACTER - A REVIEW

      M
      M.S. Singh
      1College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal - 795 004, India

      • Submitted|

      • First Online |

      • doi

      Cite article:- Singh M.S. (2025). CEREAL CROPS RESPONSE TO AZOTOBACTER - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 27(3): 229 - 231. doi: .

      ABSTRACT

      Castor wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ricini Nanda and Prasad) is the most important disease of castor at present in India. The symptoms of the disease are more prominent at flowering and spike formation stage as gradual yellowing, inter-veinal necrosis, hang down of leaves and blackening and necrosis of roots. A great deal of variability in the pathogen exists. Reniform nematodes predispose plants for infection by wilt pathogen. Infected seeds play an important role in the perpetuation and spread of the pathogen. The favourable temperature for infection by wilt pathogen is 13–15°C. Application of bio-agents like Trichoderma spp. and chemical like carbendazim as seed treatment as well as use of resistant cultivars along with proper cultural practices like soil solarization provides an effective control of the disease.

      KEYWORDS

        REFERENCES

        1. Allison, F.E. (1947). Historical Soil Sci., 64: 413-427.
        2. Apte, R. and Grand Shende, S.T. (1981). Zbl. Bakt. Parasitikde Abt. II, 136: 555-559.
        3. Bagal, B.K. et al. (1985). J. Maharashtra Agric. Univer., 10: 141-142.
        4. Banerjee, S. (1976). M.Sc. Thesis, G.B.P.U.A. and T., Pantnagar.
        5. Bhargava S.S. et al. (1981). Agric. Sci. Digest., 1: 133-134.
        6. Brown, M.E. and Burlinggham, S.K. (1968). J. Microbiol., 53: 135-144.
        7. Boddey, R.M. and Doberiner, J. (1984). Current Developments in Biological Nitrogen Fixation. Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., London, U.K. pp. 277-313.
        8. Coppola, S. et al. (1971). Annali di Microbiologia ed Enzimologia., 21: 45-53.
        9. Engel, H. (1931). On the changes of Azotobacter nitrogen occurring in the soil. Z. Pflaz. Dung IU. Bodenk., 21A-32-46.
        10. Jagtap, B.K. and Singte, A.K. (1982). J. Indian Soc. Sci., 30: 210-212.
        11. Kannaiyan, S. (1980). Plant Soil, 56: 487-490.
        12. Kundu, B.S. and Gaur, A.C. (1984). Plant and Soil, 79: 227-234.
        13. Mallikarjunaiah, R.R. and Bhide, V.P. (1985). Azotobacter. Zetrralblatt-fur-Mikrobiologie., 140: 205-211.
        14. Maryenko, V.G. (1964). Zavisimost lurozaja kukuruzyl balansa azota Aztobacter chroococcum V usbvijah monobakterialznoj kultury (Dependence of maize klyeidl and nitrogen balance kon Azotobacter chroococcum in the jkcodnitions of monobacterial lcultivatiions). Doktl ISHA. No.99, pp. 399-406.
        15. Mehrotra, C.L. and Lehri, L.K. (1971). J. Indian Soc. Sci., 19: 243-248.
        16. Meshran, S.U. and Shende, S.T. (1982). Plant Soil, 69: 265-272.
        17. Mohammad, G. (1986). Oryza, 24: 265-267.
        18. Naphade, K.T. (1984). Punjabrao-Krishi-Vidyapeet Res. J., 8: 15-18.
        19. Patil S. et al. (1976). Madras Agric. J., 63: 600-602.
        20. Prasad, J. and Singh, R.S. (1984). Indian J. Agric. Res., 18: 63-67.
        21. Ram, G. et al. (1985). J. Indian Soc. Soil. Sci., 33: 424-426.
        22. Rangaswami, G. (1975). Pesticides, 9: 58-60.
        23. Sheloumova, A. (1941). Mikrobiol., USSR, 10: 33-41 (Cited from Soils and Fert., 6: 137).
        24. Shende, S.T. et al. (1977). Indian J. Genetics, 35: 314.
        25. Singh, M.S. and Singh, N.I. (1996). CAU Newsletter, 1: 2.
        26. Singh, M.S. et al. (1999). Indian J. Hill Farming, 12(1 and 2): 22-24.
        27. Singh, M.S. et al. (2000). Indian J. Hill Farming,13(1 and 2): 22-24.
        28. Singh, M.S. and Singh, O.B. (2005). J. Ecobiol., 17: 113-116.
        29. Sundara Rao, N.S. et al. (1963). Indian J. Sci., 33: 279-290.
        30. Turchin, F.V. (1956). Pochbovedeni, 6: 15 (Cited from Soils and Fert., 20: 171).
        31. Wani, S.P. et al. (1976). Curr. Res., 5: 209.
        32. Wani, S.P. (1988). In: Biological Nitrogen Fixation : Recent Developments. (Sundra Rao, N.S. ed). Oxford and IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi, 125.
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