volume 27 issue 2 (june 2006) : 91 - 102

CURRENT STATUS OF SOYBEAN RUST (PHAKOPSORA PACHYRHIZI) - A REVIEW

S.K. Sharma

G.K. Gupta

Affiliations

¹Plant Pathology Section, National Research Centre for Soybean, Khandwa Road, Indore - 452 017, India

Submitted|
First Online |
doi

Cite article:- Sharma S.K., Gupta G.K. (2025). CURRENT STATUS OF SOYBEAN RUST (PHAKOPSORA PACHYRHIZI) - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 27(2): 91 - 102. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Soybean rust, incited by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is the most serious soybean disease of economic importance in the Orient. It is known to occur in Asia, and in many countries of Europe, Africa, Australia and America. However, the distribution of rust in N. America and Europe is restricted to small areas. Yield losses ranging from 10 to 80% are reported from different parts of the world. Phakopsora meibomiae is also causes soybean rust in south of north America, Caribbean area and in south America. Epidemiological studies have been made on uredospore production, germination and infection process. Very meagre information is available on the occurrence and germination of telial stage and their role in life cycle of rust and in the epidemiology of the disease is still unknown. P. pachyrhizi has an extremely wide host range. Though, many fungicides have been reported effective against the rust but triazole derivatives themselves or in combination with other fungicides have proved their worth at large. A large number of soybean varieties and accessions have been screened and resistant sources have been identified across the various countries. Of late, DNA marker in combination with PCR have enabled marker-assisted selections to become a future practical method. In the present paper, the available information on distribution, magnitude, epidemiology and management of soybean rust is reviewed.

KEYWORDS

REFERENCES

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Blakeman, J.P. and Fokkema, N.J. (1982). Annu Rev. Phytopath., 20: 167-192.
Blum, L.E.B. et al. (2004). Proc. 7th World Soybean Research Conf. Brazil, 29th Feb. - 5th March, 2004, 87.
Bonde, M.R. and Brown, M.F. (1980). Can. J. Microbiol., 26: 1443-1449.
Bonde et al. (1976). Phytopathology, 66: 1290-1293.
Bonde, M.R. et al. (1988). Phytopathology, 78: 1491-1494.
Bromfield, K.R. (1977). INTSOY Series No. 12: 34-39. Vol. 27, No. 2, 2006 99
Bromfield, K.R. (1984). Amer. Phytopathol. Soc., St. Paul, MN.
Bromfield, K.R. et al. (1980). Phytopathology, 70: 17-21.
Burdon, J.J. (1987). Oecologia, 73: 257-267.
Burdon, J.J. and Spears, S.S. (1984). Euphytica, 33: 891-896.
Butler, E.J. (1953). Fungi of India rev. IARI, New Delhi.
Caldwell, P.M. and Mc Laran, N.W. (2004). Proc. 7th World Soybean Research Conf. Brazil, 29th Feb. - 5th March,2004, 354-360.
Cheng, Y.W. and Chen, K.L. (1968). J. Taiwan Agric. Res., 17: 30-34.
Cummins, G.B. (1978). Rust Fungi on Legumes and Composits in North America. Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson, 424 pp.
De Guerpel, H. (1942). Bot. Appl. and Agr. Trop., 17: 195-201.
Desborough, P.J. (1984). Aust J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb., 24(126): 433-439.
Dufresne, L.A. et al. (1987). Plant Disease 71: 629-631.
Frederick, R.D. et al. (2002). Phytopathology 92: 217-227.
Gupta, G.K. (2004). Proc. 7th World Soybean Research Conf. Brazil, 29th Feb. - 5th March, 2004, 624-630.
Gupta, G.K. et al. (1999). Proc. 6th World Soybean Research Conf. Chicago, pp. 617.
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Hartman, G.L. et al. (2004). Proc. 7th World Soybean Research Conf. Brazil, 29th Feb. - 5th March, 2004, 440-446.
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1995, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Science, Nat. Soy. Res. Lab., Urbana, IL.
Hennings, P. (1903). Hedwigia Suppl., 42: 107-108.
Hiratsuka, N. (1932). Trans. Biol. Soc. Tottori, 1: 8-11.
Hiratsuka, N. (1935). Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 49: 781-788.
Hiratsuka, N. (1935 a). Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 49: 145-152.
Hiratsuka, N. (1936). J. Japan Bot., 12: 265-272.
Hiratsuka, N. and Yoshinaga, T. (1935). Tottori (Japan) Agr. Coll. Mem., 3: 249-377.
Hiratsuka, N. and Satos (1953). Fugi-Hakone National Park Nagaoga, 3: 57-100.
Hsu, C.M. and Wu, L.C. (1968). Sci. Agric. (Taiwan), 16: 186-188.
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Ilag, L.L. (1977). INTSOY Series No. 12: 16-17.
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Joshi, S. (1985). Soybean Rust Newsl., 7: 22.
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Kitani, K. and Inoue, Y. (1960). Shikoku Agric. Expt. Sta. Bull., 5: 319-342.
Kitani, K. et al. (1960 a). Shikoku Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull., 5 : 225-306.
Kitani, K. et al. (1960 b). Shikoku Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull., 5: 343-358.
Koch, E. and Hoppe, H.H. (1987). Soybean Rust Newsl., 8: 3-4.
Kochman, J.K. (1977). INTSOY Series No. 12: 44-48.
Kochman, J.K. (1979). Aust. J. Agric. Res., 30: 273-277.
Kumar, S. and Verma, R.N. (1985). Soybean Rust Newsl., 7: 11.
Kumar, S. and Jha, D.K. (2002). Indian Phytopath., 55: 232-234.
Lampong, A.N. (1981). Soybean Rust Newsl., 4(1): 17-21.
Lantican, R.M. (1977). INTSOY Series No. 12: 54-57.
Levy, C. (2003). Phytopathology, 93: S 103.
Levy, C. (2004). Proc. 7th World Soybean Research Conf. Brazil, 29th Feb. - 5th March, 2004, 340-348.
Lin, S.Y. (1966). Taiwan Agric. Res., 15: 24-28.
Litzenberger, S.C. et al. (1962). A Preliminary List of Combodian Plant Diseases. Ministry of Agr. Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 29 pp.
Liu, K.C. (1966). Taiwan Agric. Q., 2: 92-100.
Maiti, S. et al. (1981). Soybean Rust Newsl., 4(1): 14-16.
100 AGRICULTURAL REVIEWS
Maiti, S. et al. (1982). Soybean Rust Newsl., 5(1): 16-19.
Maiti, S. et al. (1983). Soybean Rust Newsl., 6(1): 8-13.
Marchetti, M.A. et al. (1975). Phytopathology, 65: 822-823.
Melching, J.S. et al. (1979). Phytopathology, 69(12): 1262-1265.
Mc Lean, R.J. (1979). Aust. J. Agric. Res., 30: 77-84.
Mc Lean, R.J. and Byth, D.E. (1977). INTSOY Series No. 12: 58-61.
Mc Lean, R.J. and Byth, D.E. (1981). Aust. J. Agric. Res., 32: 435-443.
Morel, W. et al. (2004). Proc. 7th World Soybean Res. Conf. Brazil, 29th Feb. - 5th March, 2004, 361-364.
Navarro, J.C. et al. (2004). Proc. 7th World Soybean Research Conf. Brazil, 29th Feb. - 5th March, 2004, 85-86.
Ono, Y. et al. (1992). Mycol. Res., 96: 825-850.
Ovchinnikova, A.M. (1970). Truday Vsess. Inst. Zashek Rost., 29: 73-80.
Park, M. (1941). Acting Div. Agric. Ceylon, Admin. Rpt. 1939, pp. D20-22.
Poolpol, V. and Pupipat, U. (1985). Soybean Rust Newsl., 7: 26-27.
Poonpolgul, S. (1997). Ph. D. Thesis, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Poonpolgul, S. (2004). Proc. 7th World Soybean Res. Conf. Brazil, 29th Feb. - 5th March, 2004, 335-330.
Poonpolgul, S. and Surin, P. (1980). Soybean Rust Newsl. AVRDC, 3: 30-31.
Pretorius, Z.A. et al. (2001). Plant Disease, 85: 1288.
Preez, E.D. du and Caldwell, P.M. (2004). Proc. 7th World Soybean Res. Conf. Brazil, 29th Feb. - 5th March, 2004, 431-436.
Puckdeedindan, P. (1966). Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull., 7: 7.
Quebral, F.C. (1977). INTSOY Series No. 12: 81-84.
Ramakrishnan, T.S. (1951). Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sect. B., 34: 157-164.
Reichert, I. (1939). Internatl. Bull. Plant Prot., 13: 204M-210M.
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volume 27 issue 2 (june 2006) : 91 - 102

CURRENT STATUS OF SOYBEAN RUST (PHAKOPSORA PACHYRHIZI) - A REVIEW

S.K. Sharma

G.K. Gupta

Affiliations

¹Plant Pathology Section, National Research Centre for Soybean, Khandwa Road, Indore - 452 017, India

Submitted|
First Online |
doi

Cite article:- Sharma S.K., Gupta G.K. (2025). CURRENT STATUS OF SOYBEAN RUST (PHAKOPSORA PACHYRHIZI) - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 27(2): 91 - 102. doi: .

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

REFERENCES

Arthur, J.C. (1917). Bull Torrey Bot. Club., 44: 501-511.
AVRDC (1976). Soybean Report for 1975. Shanhua, Taiwan. Republic of China, 68 pp.
Baker, C.F. (1914). Philippine Bopt. Leaflets, 6, pp. 2065-190.
Blakeman, J.P. and Fokkema, N.J. (1982). Annu Rev. Phytopath., 20: 167-192.
Blum, L.E.B. et al. (2004). Proc. 7th World Soybean Research Conf. Brazil, 29th Feb. - 5th March, 2004, 87.
Bonde, M.R. and Brown, M.F. (1980). Can. J. Microbiol., 26: 1443-1449.
Bonde et al. (1976). Phytopathology, 66: 1290-1293.
Bonde, M.R. et al. (1988). Phytopathology, 78: 1491-1494.
Bromfield, K.R. (1977). INTSOY Series No. 12: 34-39. Vol. 27, No. 2, 2006 99
Bromfield, K.R. (1984). Amer. Phytopathol. Soc., St. Paul, MN.
Bromfield, K.R. et al. (1980). Phytopathology, 70: 17-21.
Burdon, J.J. (1987). Oecologia, 73: 257-267.
Burdon, J.J. and Spears, S.S. (1984). Euphytica, 33: 891-896.
Butler, E.J. (1953). Fungi of India rev. IARI, New Delhi.
Caldwell, P.M. and Mc Laran, N.W. (2004). Proc. 7th World Soybean Research Conf. Brazil, 29th Feb. - 5th March,2004, 354-360.
Cheng, Y.W. and Chen, K.L. (1968). J. Taiwan Agric. Res., 17: 30-34.
Cummins, G.B. (1978). Rust Fungi on Legumes and Composits in North America. Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson, 424 pp.
De Guerpel, H. (1942). Bot. Appl. and Agr. Trop., 17: 195-201.
Desborough, P.J. (1984). Aust J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb., 24(126): 433-439.
Dufresne, L.A. et al. (1987). Plant Disease 71: 629-631.
Frederick, R.D. et al. (2002). Phytopathology 92: 217-227.
Gupta, G.K. (2004). Proc. 7th World Soybean Research Conf. Brazil, 29th Feb. - 5th March, 2004, 624-630.
Gupta, G.K. et al. (1999). Proc. 6th World Soybean Research Conf. Chicago, pp. 617.
Guerzoni, R.A. et al. (2004). Proc. 7th World Soybean Research Conf. Brazil, 29th Feb. - 5th March, 2004, 84.
Hartman, G.L. et al. (2004). Proc. 7th World Soybean Research Conf. Brazil, 29th Feb. - 5th March, 2004, 440-446.
Hartwig, E.E. (1995). In: Proc. of the Soybean Rust Workshop (Sinclair J.B. and Hartman G.L. eds.), 9-11 August,
1995, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Science, Nat. Soy. Res. Lab., Urbana, IL.
Hennings, P. (1903). Hedwigia Suppl., 42: 107-108.
Hiratsuka, N. (1932). Trans. Biol. Soc. Tottori, 1: 8-11.
Hiratsuka, N. (1935). Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 49: 781-788.
Hiratsuka, N. (1935 a). Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 49: 145-152.
Hiratsuka, N. (1936). J. Japan Bot., 12: 265-272.
Hiratsuka, N. and Yoshinaga, T. (1935). Tottori (Japan) Agr. Coll. Mem., 3: 249-377.
Hiratsuka, N. and Satos (1953). Fugi-Hakone National Park Nagaoga, 3: 57-100.
Hsu, C.M. and Wu, L.C. (1968). Sci. Agric. (Taiwan), 16: 186-188.
Hung, C.H. and Liu, K. (1961). Agric. Res. (Taiwan), 10: 35-40.
Ilag, L.L. (1977). INTSOY Series No. 12: 16-17.
Ivancovich, A. (2004). Proc. 7th World Soybean Res. Conf. Brazil, 29th Feb. - 5th March, 2004, 619-623.
Ito, S. (1941). Mycol. Flora Japan, 2: 1-141.
Ito, M.A. et al. (2004). Proc. 7th World Soybean Res. Conf. Brazil, 29th Feb. - 5th March, 2004, 87.
Jann, E.V. et al. (2004). Proc. 7th World Soybean Res. Conf. Brazil, 29th Feb. - 5th March, 2004, 84-85.
Jan, C. and Wu, L. (1971). Mem. Coll. Agric. Natl. Taiwan Univ., 12(1): 173-190.
Joshi, S. (1985). Soybean Rust Newsl., 7: 22.
Junqueira, N.T.V. et al. (1984). Fitopatologia Brasileora., 9(1): 119-127.
Keogh, R. (1974). Aust. Pl. Path. Soc. Newsl., 3: 5.
Keogh, R. (1976). Aust. Pl. Path. Soc. Newsl., 5: 51-52.
Kitani, K. and Inoue, Y. (1960). Shikoku Agric. Expt. Sta. Bull., 5: 319-342.
Kitani, K. et al. (1960 a). Shikoku Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull., 5 : 225-306.
Kitani, K. et al. (1960 b). Shikoku Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull., 5: 343-358.
Koch, E. and Hoppe, H.H. (1987). Soybean Rust Newsl., 8: 3-4.
Kochman, J.K. (1977). INTSOY Series No. 12: 44-48.
Kochman, J.K. (1979). Aust. J. Agric. Res., 30: 273-277.
Kumar, S. and Verma, R.N. (1985). Soybean Rust Newsl., 7: 11.
Kumar, S. and Jha, D.K. (2002). Indian Phytopath., 55: 232-234.
Lampong, A.N. (1981). Soybean Rust Newsl., 4(1): 17-21.
Lantican, R.M. (1977). INTSOY Series No. 12: 54-57.
Levy, C. (2003). Phytopathology, 93: S 103.
Levy, C. (2004). Proc. 7th World Soybean Research Conf. Brazil, 29th Feb. - 5th March, 2004, 340-348.
Lin, S.Y. (1966). Taiwan Agric. Res., 15: 24-28.
Litzenberger, S.C. et al. (1962). A Preliminary List of Combodian Plant Diseases. Ministry of Agr. Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 29 pp.
Liu, K.C. (1966). Taiwan Agric. Q., 2: 92-100.
Maiti, S. et al. (1981). Soybean Rust Newsl., 4(1): 14-16.
100 AGRICULTURAL REVIEWS
Maiti, S. et al. (1982). Soybean Rust Newsl., 5(1): 16-19.
Maiti, S. et al. (1983). Soybean Rust Newsl., 6(1): 8-13.
Marchetti, M.A. et al. (1975). Phytopathology, 65: 822-823.
Melching, J.S. et al. (1979). Phytopathology, 69(12): 1262-1265.
Mc Lean, R.J. (1979). Aust. J. Agric. Res., 30: 77-84.
Mc Lean, R.J. and Byth, D.E. (1977). INTSOY Series No. 12: 58-61.
Mc Lean, R.J. and Byth, D.E. (1981). Aust. J. Agric. Res., 32: 435-443.
Morel, W. et al. (2004). Proc. 7th World Soybean Res. Conf. Brazil, 29th Feb. - 5th March, 2004, 361-364.
Navarro, J.C. et al. (2004). Proc. 7th World Soybean Research Conf. Brazil, 29th Feb. - 5th March, 2004, 85-86.
Ono, Y. et al. (1992). Mycol. Res., 96: 825-850.
Ovchinnikova, A.M. (1970). Truday Vsess. Inst. Zashek Rost., 29: 73-80.
Park, M. (1941). Acting Div. Agric. Ceylon, Admin. Rpt. 1939, pp. D20-22.
Poolpol, V. and Pupipat, U. (1985). Soybean Rust Newsl., 7: 26-27.
Poonpolgul, S. (1997). Ph. D. Thesis, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Poonpolgul, S. (2004). Proc. 7th World Soybean Res. Conf. Brazil, 29th Feb. - 5th March, 2004, 335-330.
Poonpolgul, S. and Surin, P. (1980). Soybean Rust Newsl. AVRDC, 3: 30-31.
Pretorius, Z.A. et al. (2001). Plant Disease, 85: 1288.
Preez, E.D. du and Caldwell, P.M. (2004). Proc. 7th World Soybean Res. Conf. Brazil, 29th Feb. - 5th March, 2004, 431-436.
Puckdeedindan, P. (1966). Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull., 7: 7.
Quebral, F.C. (1977). INTSOY Series No. 12: 81-84.
Ramakrishnan, T.S. (1951). Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sect. B., 34: 157-164.
Reichert, I. (1939). Internatl. Bull. Plant Prot., 13: 204M-210M.
Reinking, O.A. (1918). Phillipp. J. Sci., 13: 165-274.
Reinking, O.A. (1919 a). Phillipp. Agric., 8: 38-54.
Reinking, O.A. (1919 b). Phillipp. Agric., 8: 105-135.
Reinking, O.A. (1919 c). Phytopathology, 9: 114-140.
Rossi, R.L. (2003). Plant Disease, 87: 102.
Ribeiro-Do-Vale, F.X. et al. (1985 a). Soybean Rust Newsl., 7: 7-9.
Ribeiro-Do-Vale, F.X. et al. (1985 b). Soybean Rust Newsl., 7: 10-13.
Ruengwiset, K. and Poonpolgul, S. (1999). Technical Paper, Ladda Co. Ltd., 11 pp.
Sangawangse, P. (1973). Thai J. Agric. Sci., 6(2): 165-169.
Sarbhoy, A. et al. (1972). Sci. Cult., 38: 198.
Sathe, A.V. (1972). Curr. Sci., 41: 264-265.
Sawada, K. (1928). Part 4 Dept. Agr. Res. Inst. Formosa Rpt., 33: 123.
Sawada, K. (1933). Part VI. Dept. Agr. Res. Inst. Formosa Rpt., 61: 117.
Sharma, S.K. (1990). Ph.D. Thesis Jiwaji Univ., Gwalior (M.P.), (India), pp. 168.
Sharma, S.K. and Verma, R.N. (1995). J. Hill Res., 8: 113-119.
Sharma, S.K. et al. (1989). Proc. 4th World Soy. Res. Conf. Argentina, 1373-1374.
Sharma, S.K. et al. (1996). J. Hill Res., 9: 279-295.
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CURRENT STATUS OF SOYBEAN RUST (PHAKOPSORA PACHYRHIZI) - A REVIEW

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