GENOMIC IMPRINTING IN MAMMALS

ABSTRACT

Genomic imprinting refers to an epigenetic mark that distinguishes parental alleles and results in a monoallelic, parental-specific expression pattern in mammals. The alleles of imprinted genes are marked epigenetically as discrete elements termed imprinting control regions with their parental origin in gametes through the use of DNA methylation, at the very least. Imprinted genes are normally involved in foetal growth and behavioural development. Consequently, aberrant imprinting disturbs development and is the cause of numerous well-known imprinting disorders, including Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, Cancer and Angelman syndrome.

KEYWORDS

REFERENCES

Adams, J. (2008). Imprinting and genetic disease: Angelman, Prader-Willi and Beckwith-Weidemann syndromes. Nature Education 1(1).
Bartolomei, M. S. (2009). Genomic imprinting: employing and avoiding epigenetic processes Genes & Development. 23: 2124-2133
Bischoff, S. R., Tsai, S., Hardison, N., Motsinger-Reif, A. A, Freking, B. A, Nonneman, D., Rohrer, G. and Piedrahita, J. A. (2009). Characterization of conserved and non conserved imprinted genes in swine. Biology of Reproduction. 81(5): 906–20.
Bourchis, D., Xu, G. L., Lin, C. S., Bollman, B. and Bestor, T. H. (2001). Dnmt3L and the establishment of maternal genomic imprints. Science. 294: 2536–2539.
Butler, M. G. (2009). Genomic imprinting disorders in humans: a mini-review. Journal Assisted Reproductive Genetics. 26(9-10): 477–486
Chen-En Tsai. (2005). Genomic Imprinting and Genetic Disease. Tzu Chi Medical Journal. 17(3): 135-144.
David, Allis, Jenuwein, T. and Reinberg, D. (2007). Epigenetics. CSHL Press. pp. 440.
De Chiara, T. M., Robertson, E. J. and Esfratadis, A. (1991). Parental imprinting of the mouse insulin-like growth factor II gene. Cell 64: 849–859
De Konning, D. J., Rattink, A. P., Harlizus, B., VanArendonk, J. A. M, Brascamp, E. W. and Groenen, M. A. M. (2000). Genome-wide scan for body composition in pigs reveals important role of imprinting. Proceedings National Academy Science USA. 97: 7947–7950.
Feil, R., Goto, Y. and Umlauf, D. (2007). Molecular Genetics of Genomic Imprinting .In: Meyers., R.A.(ed.) Genomics and Genetics. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France pp. 191-204.
Feinberg, A. P., Cui, H. and Ohlsson, R. (2002). DNA methylation and genomic imprinting: Insights from cancer into epigenetic mechanisms. Seminar Cancer Biology. 12: 389–398
Freking, B., Murphy, S., Wylie, A., Rhodes, S. J, Keele, J. W. and Leymaster, K. A. (2002). Identification of the single base change causing the callipyge muscle hypertrophy phenotype, the only known example of polar overdominance in mammals. Genome Research. 12(10): 1496–1506.
Gregg, C., Zhang, J., Weissbourd, B., Luo, S., Schroth, G. P., Haig, D. and Dulac, C. (2010). High-resolution analysis of parent-of-origin allelic expression in the mouse brain. Science. 329(5992): 643–648.
Hata, K., Okano, M., Lei, H. and Li, E. (2002). Dnmt3L cooperates with the Dnmt3 family of de novo DNA methyltransferases to establish maternal imprints in mice. Development. 129:1983–1993.
Jeon, J. T, Carlborg, O., Tornsten, A., Giuffra, E., Amerger, V. and Chardon, P. (1999). An imprinted QTL with major effect on muscle mass and fat deposition maps to the IGF2 locus in pigs. Nature Genetics. 21: 155–156.
Jia, D., Jurkowska, R. Z., Zhang, X., Jeltsch, A. and Cheng, X. (2007). Structure of Dnmt3a bound to Dnmt3L suggests a model for de novo DNA methylation. Nature. 449: 248–251.
Kaneda, M., Okano, M., Hata, K., Sado, T., Tsujimoto, N. and Li, E. (2004). Essential role for de novo DNA methyl transferase Dnmt3a in paternal and maternal imprinting. Nature. 429: 900–903.
Kono, T., Obata, Y., Wu, Q., Niwa, K. and Ono, Y. (2004). Birth of parthenogenetic mice that can develop to adulthood. Nature. 428: 860–864.
Lefebvre, L., Viville, S., Barton, S. C., Ishino, F., Keverne, E. B. and Surani, M. A. (1998). Abnormal maternal behaviour and growth retardation associated with loss of the imprinted gene Mest. Nature Genetics. 163-169.
Li, L., Keverne, E. B., Aparicio, S. A., Ishino, F., Barton, S. C. and Surani, M. A. (1999). Regulation of maternal behavior and offspring growth by paternally expressed Peg3. Science. 284: 330-333.
Li, L., Keverne, E. B., Aparicio, S. A., Ishino, F., Barton, S. C. and Surani, M. A (1995). Expression, promoter usage and imprinting status of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) in human hepatoblastoma: uncoupling of IGF2 and H19 imprinting. Oncogene 11: 221-229.
Maher, E. R. and Reik, W. (2000). Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: Imprinting in clusters revisited. Journal Clinical Investigation. 105: 247-252.
Maria, W. and Barbara, R. (2004). Genomic imprinting in mammals. Journal Appl. Genetics. 45(4): 427-433.
Moore, T. and Haig, D. (1991). Genomic imprinting in mammalian development: a parental tug-of-war. Trends in Genetics, 7(2): 45-49.
Plagge, A., Gordon, E., Dean, W., Boiani, R. and Cinti, S. (2004). The imprinted signaling protein XL alpha s is required for postnatal adaptation to feeding. Nature Genetics. 36: 818–82.
Plagge, A., Isles, A., Gordon, E., Humby, T. and Dean, W. (2005). Imprinted Nesp55 influences behavioral reactivity to novel environments. Molecular Cell Biology. 25: 3019–3026.
Reik, W. and Walter, J. (2001). Genomic imprinting: parental influence on the genome. Nature Review Genetics. 2: 21-32.
Reik , W., Dean, W. and Walter, J. (2001). Epigenetic reprogramming in mammalian development. Science 293(5532): 1089–93
Rideout, W. M III., Eggan, K. and Jaenisch, R. (2001). Nuclear cloning and epigenetic reprogramming of the genome. Science 293, 1093–1098.
Thomsen, H., Lee, H. K., Rothschild, M. F., Malek, M. and Dekkers, J. C (2004). Characterization of quantitative trait loci for growth and meat quality in a cross between commercial breeds of swine. Journal of Animal Science 82(8): 2213–2228.
Waterland, R. A., Lin, J. R., Smith, C. A. and Jirtle, R. L. (2006). Post-weaning diet affects genomic imprinting at the insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) locus. Human Molecular Genetics 15: 705-716
Weksberg, R., Smith, A. C., Squire, J. and Sadowski, P. (2003). Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome demonstrates a role for epigenetic control of normal development. Human Molecular Genetics; 12: 61-68.
Wood, A. J. and Oakey, R. J. (2006). Genomic Imprinting in Mammals: Emerging Themes and Established . PLoS Genetics 2(11): e147.
Yu, Yinhua., Fengji, Xu., Hongqi, Peng., Xianjun, Fang., Shulei, Zhaodagger., Yang, Li., Bruce Cuevas, Wen-Lin KuoDagger, Joe, W. GrayDagger, Michael Siciliano, Gordon, B. Mills and Robert, C. Bast Jr. (1999). “NOEY2 (ARHI), an imprinted putative tumor suppressor gene in ovarian and breast carcinomas”. Proceeding National Academy Science U.S.A. 96(1): 214–9.
Yufeng, Li and Hiroyuki, Sasaki. (2011). Genomic imprinting in mammals: its life cycle, molecular mechanisms and reprogramming. Cell Research 21: 466-473.

Disclaimer :

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Copyright :

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

GENOMIC IMPRINTING IN MAMMALS - A REVIEW

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

REFERENCES

Reviewed By

In this Article

APC

Publish With US

Become a Reviewer/Member

Open Access

Products and Services

Support and Policies

Editorial Board