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volume 35 issue 2 (june 2014) : 130-135,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-0741.2014.00090.7

DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY OF EUKARYOTIC mRNA- DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONS - A REVIEW

G
G.R. Gowane*
M
Maya Nangre1
1Animal Genetics Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly– 243 001, India
Cite article:- Gowane* G.R., Nangre1 Maya (2025). DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY OF EUKARYOTIC mRNA- DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONS - A REVIEW . Agricultural Reviews. 35(2): 130-135. doi: 10.5958/0976-0741.2014.00090.7.

ABSTRACT

Gene expression and regulation in eukaryotes is a complex mechanism. In each of eukaryotic cells, hardly 10-15% of the genes are turned on at any instance of time. Understanding the genomic information in the future will depend on tools that can study the differential expression of the genes. Differential Display depends on very simple principles of the molecular biology such as reverse transcription and PCR. Developments such as Fluorescent Differential Display and digital output have further increased its prospects. It is an important tool that has helped thousands of researchers to interpret gene expression patterns in eukaryotes. It has already played a major role to detect the novel genes for cancer and many medical disorders, developmental biology, evolution and so on. Use of this technique in animal science research is awaited, but has better prospects.Animal sciences, Differential display, Gene expression.

REFERENCES

  1. Adati, N., Ito, T., Koga, C., Kito, K., Sakaki, Y. andd Shiokawa K. (1995). Differential display analysis of gene expression in developing embryos of Xenopus laevis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1262: 43-51.
  2. Ali, M., Markham, A. F., Isaacs, J. D. (2001). Application of differential display to immunological research. J. Immunol Methods. 250:29-43.
  3. Antonio, C. Ferby, I., Wlheim, H., Jones, M., Karsenti, E., Nebreda, A. R., and Vernos, I. (2000). Xkid, a chromokinesin required for chromosome alignment on the metaphase plate. Cell. 102:425–435.
  4. Bauer, D., Muller, H., Reich, J., Riedel, H., Ahrenkiel, V., Warthoe, P. and Strauss, M. (1993). Identification of differentially expressed mRNA species by an improved technique (DDRT-PCR). Nucleic Acid Res. 21: 4272-4280.
  5. Blanchard, R. K. and Cousins, R. J. (1996). Differential display of intestinal mRNAs regulated by dietary zinc. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 93: 6863-6868.
  6. Blau, J. and Young, M. W. (1999). Cycling vrille expression is required for a functional Drosophila clock. Cell. 99:661–671.
  7. Bowman, C. J., Kroll, K. J., Gross, T. G., and Denslow, N. D. (2002). Estradiol-induced gene expression in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 196: 67–77.
  8. Cho, Y. J., Meade, J. D., Shester, B. R., Walden, J. C., Guo, Z. and Liang, P. (2010). Linear dynamic range for signal detection in fluorescent differential display. Biotechnol Lett. 32:1593–1597.
  9. Cho, Y. J., Meade, J. D., Walden, J. C., Chen, X., Guo, Z. and Liang, P. (2001). Multicolor fluorescent differential display. Biotechniques. 30:562–572.
  10. Cho, Y. J., Susanne, S., Roger, J. S. And Liang, P. (2006). Saturation Screening for P53 Target Genes by Digital Fluorescent Differential Display. Methods Mol Biol. 317:179-92.
  11. Farrell, Robert E, Jr. (2005). RNA methodologies- A laboratory guide for isolation and characterization. 3rd edition. Elsevier Academic Press.
  12. Feng, H. Y., Miao, X. Y., Wang, X. B. and Hu, J. (2009). Screening and identification of differentially expressed genes in Beijing fatty and broiler breast muscles. J. Hereditas. 31: 83-87.
  13. Gardner, T. J., Ito, H., Ashley, S. W. and Whang, E. E. (2002). Differential display of expressed genes in pancreatic cancer cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Com. 293: 391–395.
  14. Hall, G. D., Smith, B., Weeks, R. J., Selby, P. J., Southgate, J. and Chester, J. D. (2006). Novel urothelium specific gene expression identified by differential display reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. J Urol. 175:337–342.
  15. Liang, P. and Pardee A. B. (2003). Analyzing differential gene expression in cancer. Nature Reviews Cancer. 3: 869-876.
  16. Liang, P. (2002). A decade of differential display. Biotechnique. 33:338–346.
  17. Liang, P. and Pardee, B. (1992). Differential display of eukaryotic messenger RNA by means of the polymerase chain reaction. Science. 257:967-71.
  18. Liang, P. Meade, J. D. and Pardee, A. B. (2007). A protocol for differential display of mRNA expression using either fluorescent or radioactive labeling. Nature Protocols. 2: 457-470.
  19. Linskens, M. H. K., Feng, J., Andrews, H., Enlow, B. E., Saati, S. M., Tonkin, L., Funk, W. D. and Villeponteau. (1995). Cataloging altered gene expression in young and senescent cells using enhanced differential display. Nucleic Acids Res. 23: 3244-3251.
  20. Mai, B. and Breeden, L. (2000). CLN1 and its repression by Xbp1 are important for efficient sporulation in budding yeast. Mol Cell Biol. 20:478–487.
  21. McClelland, M. and Welsh, J. (1994). RNA fingerprinting by arbitrarily primed PCR. PCR Methods Applic. 4: S66-S81.
  22. Meade, J. D. et al. (2006). Automation of fluorescent differential display with digital readout in Differential Display. Methods and Protocols 2nd edn., vol. 317 (eds. Liang, P., Meade, J.D. and Pardee, A.B.) 23–57 (Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, USA, 2005). Methods Mol Biol. 317:23-57.
  23. Meade, J. D., Cho, Y. J., Shester, B. R., Walden, J. C., Guo, Z. and Liang, P. (2010). Automated fluorescent differential display for cancer gene profiling. Methods Mol Biol. 576:99-133.
  24. Nishio, Y., Aiello, L. P., and King, G. L. (1994). Glucose induced genes in bovine aortic smooth muscle cells identified by mRNA differential display. FASEB J. 8: 103-106.
  25. Nitsche, E. M., Moquin, A., Adams, P. S., Guenette, R. S., Lakins, J. N., Sinnecker, G. H., Kruse, K. and Tenniswood, M. P. (1996). Differential display RT-PCR of total RNA from human foreskin fibroblasts for investigation of androgen-dependent gene expression. Am. J. Med. Genet. 63: 231-238.
  26. Ozaki, K., Kuroki, T., Hayashi, S. And Nakamura, Y. (1996). Isolation of three testis-specific genes (TSA303, TSA806, TSA903) by a differential mRNA display method. Genomics. 36: 316–319.
  27. Reisinger, E., Meintrup, D., Oliver, D. and Fakler, B. (2010). Gene expression associated with the onset of hearing detected by differential display in rat organ of Corti. Europ. J. Human Genet. 18, 1327–1332.
  28. Sager, R., Anisowicz, A., Neweu, M., Liang, P. and Sotiropoulou, G. (1993). Identification by differential display of alpha 6 integrin as acandidate tumor suppressor gene. FASEB J. 7: 964-970.
  29. Sambrook, J. and Russell, W. D. (2001). Molecular Cloning a Laboratory Manual. Volume 2, third edition. pp 8.96.
  30. Stein, J. and Liang, P. (2002a). Differential display technology: a general guide. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 59: 1235-1240.
  31. Stein, J. and Liang, P. (2002b). Differential display analysis of gene expression in mammals: a p53 story. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 59: 1274-1279.
  32. Utans, U., Liang, P., Wyner, L. R., Karnovsky, M. J. and Russell M. E. (1994). Chronic cardiac rejection: identification of five upregulated genes in transplanted hearts by differential mRNA display. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 91: 6463-6467.
  33. Wang, X., Xue, C., Wang, X., Liu, H., Xu, Y., Zhao, R., Jiang, Z., Dodson, M. V. and Chen, J. (2009). Differential display of expressed genes reveals a novel function of SFRS18 in regulation of intramuscular fat deposition. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 1: 28-33.
  34. Wang, Y. R., Wu, J. Y., Reaves, S. K., and Lei, K. Y. (1996). Enhanced expression of hepatic genes in copper-deficient rats detected by the messenger-RNA differential display method. J. Nutr. 126: 1772-1781.
  35. Welsh, J., Chada, K., Dalal, S., Cheng, R., Ralph, D. and McClellnd, M. (1992). Arbitrarily primed PCR fingerprinting of RNA. Nucleic Acid Res. 20: 4965.
  36. Yanying, Z., Xiangzhai, Z., Qinghui, J., Yunyu, L., Peiguo, L., Wenxiang, Z. And Juan, C. (2011). Study on differential display gene expression of Eimeria tenella multiple resistance strain isolated from Tangshan in chicken Afric. J. Microbiol. Res. 5: 2053-2058.
  37. Yu, H. and Goh, C. J. (2000). Identification and characterization of three orchid MADS-box genes of the AP1/AGL9 subfamily during floral transition. Plant Physiol. 123:1325–1336.
  38. Zimmermann, J. W. and Schultz, R. M. (1994). Analysis of gene expression in the pre-implantation mouse embryo: Use of mRNA differential display. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 91:5456-5460.
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    volume 35 issue 2 (june 2014) : 130-135,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-0741.2014.00090.7

    DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY OF EUKARYOTIC mRNA- DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONS - A REVIEW

    G
    G.R. Gowane*
    M
    Maya Nangre1
    1Animal Genetics Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly– 243 001, India
    Cite article:- Gowane* G.R., Nangre1 Maya (2025). DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY OF EUKARYOTIC mRNA- DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONS - A REVIEW . Agricultural Reviews. 35(2): 130-135. doi: 10.5958/0976-0741.2014.00090.7.

    ABSTRACT

    Gene expression and regulation in eukaryotes is a complex mechanism. In each of eukaryotic cells, hardly 10-15% of the genes are turned on at any instance of time. Understanding the genomic information in the future will depend on tools that can study the differential expression of the genes. Differential Display depends on very simple principles of the molecular biology such as reverse transcription and PCR. Developments such as Fluorescent Differential Display and digital output have further increased its prospects. It is an important tool that has helped thousands of researchers to interpret gene expression patterns in eukaryotes. It has already played a major role to detect the novel genes for cancer and many medical disorders, developmental biology, evolution and so on. Use of this technique in animal science research is awaited, but has better prospects.Animal sciences, Differential display, Gene expression.

    REFERENCES

    1. Adati, N., Ito, T., Koga, C., Kito, K., Sakaki, Y. andd Shiokawa K. (1995). Differential display analysis of gene expression in developing embryos of Xenopus laevis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1262: 43-51.
    2. Ali, M., Markham, A. F., Isaacs, J. D. (2001). Application of differential display to immunological research. J. Immunol Methods. 250:29-43.
    3. Antonio, C. Ferby, I., Wlheim, H., Jones, M., Karsenti, E., Nebreda, A. R., and Vernos, I. (2000). Xkid, a chromokinesin required for chromosome alignment on the metaphase plate. Cell. 102:425–435.
    4. Bauer, D., Muller, H., Reich, J., Riedel, H., Ahrenkiel, V., Warthoe, P. and Strauss, M. (1993). Identification of differentially expressed mRNA species by an improved technique (DDRT-PCR). Nucleic Acid Res. 21: 4272-4280.
    5. Blanchard, R. K. and Cousins, R. J. (1996). Differential display of intestinal mRNAs regulated by dietary zinc. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 93: 6863-6868.
    6. Blau, J. and Young, M. W. (1999). Cycling vrille expression is required for a functional Drosophila clock. Cell. 99:661–671.
    7. Bowman, C. J., Kroll, K. J., Gross, T. G., and Denslow, N. D. (2002). Estradiol-induced gene expression in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 196: 67–77.
    8. Cho, Y. J., Meade, J. D., Shester, B. R., Walden, J. C., Guo, Z. and Liang, P. (2010). Linear dynamic range for signal detection in fluorescent differential display. Biotechnol Lett. 32:1593–1597.
    9. Cho, Y. J., Meade, J. D., Walden, J. C., Chen, X., Guo, Z. and Liang, P. (2001). Multicolor fluorescent differential display. Biotechniques. 30:562–572.
    10. Cho, Y. J., Susanne, S., Roger, J. S. And Liang, P. (2006). Saturation Screening for P53 Target Genes by Digital Fluorescent Differential Display. Methods Mol Biol. 317:179-92.
    11. Farrell, Robert E, Jr. (2005). RNA methodologies- A laboratory guide for isolation and characterization. 3rd edition. Elsevier Academic Press.
    12. Feng, H. Y., Miao, X. Y., Wang, X. B. and Hu, J. (2009). Screening and identification of differentially expressed genes in Beijing fatty and broiler breast muscles. J. Hereditas. 31: 83-87.
    13. Gardner, T. J., Ito, H., Ashley, S. W. and Whang, E. E. (2002). Differential display of expressed genes in pancreatic cancer cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Com. 293: 391–395.
    14. Hall, G. D., Smith, B., Weeks, R. J., Selby, P. J., Southgate, J. and Chester, J. D. (2006). Novel urothelium specific gene expression identified by differential display reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. J Urol. 175:337–342.
    15. Liang, P. and Pardee A. B. (2003). Analyzing differential gene expression in cancer. Nature Reviews Cancer. 3: 869-876.
    16. Liang, P. (2002). A decade of differential display. Biotechnique. 33:338–346.
    17. Liang, P. and Pardee, B. (1992). Differential display of eukaryotic messenger RNA by means of the polymerase chain reaction. Science. 257:967-71.
    18. Liang, P. Meade, J. D. and Pardee, A. B. (2007). A protocol for differential display of mRNA expression using either fluorescent or radioactive labeling. Nature Protocols. 2: 457-470.
    19. Linskens, M. H. K., Feng, J., Andrews, H., Enlow, B. E., Saati, S. M., Tonkin, L., Funk, W. D. and Villeponteau. (1995). Cataloging altered gene expression in young and senescent cells using enhanced differential display. Nucleic Acids Res. 23: 3244-3251.
    20. Mai, B. and Breeden, L. (2000). CLN1 and its repression by Xbp1 are important for efficient sporulation in budding yeast. Mol Cell Biol. 20:478–487.
    21. McClelland, M. and Welsh, J. (1994). RNA fingerprinting by arbitrarily primed PCR. PCR Methods Applic. 4: S66-S81.
    22. Meade, J. D. et al. (2006). Automation of fluorescent differential display with digital readout in Differential Display. Methods and Protocols 2nd edn., vol. 317 (eds. Liang, P., Meade, J.D. and Pardee, A.B.) 23–57 (Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, USA, 2005). Methods Mol Biol. 317:23-57.
    23. Meade, J. D., Cho, Y. J., Shester, B. R., Walden, J. C., Guo, Z. and Liang, P. (2010). Automated fluorescent differential display for cancer gene profiling. Methods Mol Biol. 576:99-133.
    24. Nishio, Y., Aiello, L. P., and King, G. L. (1994). Glucose induced genes in bovine aortic smooth muscle cells identified by mRNA differential display. FASEB J. 8: 103-106.
    25. Nitsche, E. M., Moquin, A., Adams, P. S., Guenette, R. S., Lakins, J. N., Sinnecker, G. H., Kruse, K. and Tenniswood, M. P. (1996). Differential display RT-PCR of total RNA from human foreskin fibroblasts for investigation of androgen-dependent gene expression. Am. J. Med. Genet. 63: 231-238.
    26. Ozaki, K., Kuroki, T., Hayashi, S. And Nakamura, Y. (1996). Isolation of three testis-specific genes (TSA303, TSA806, TSA903) by a differential mRNA display method. Genomics. 36: 316–319.
    27. Reisinger, E., Meintrup, D., Oliver, D. and Fakler, B. (2010). Gene expression associated with the onset of hearing detected by differential display in rat organ of Corti. Europ. J. Human Genet. 18, 1327–1332.
    28. Sager, R., Anisowicz, A., Neweu, M., Liang, P. and Sotiropoulou, G. (1993). Identification by differential display of alpha 6 integrin as acandidate tumor suppressor gene. FASEB J. 7: 964-970.
    29. Sambrook, J. and Russell, W. D. (2001). Molecular Cloning a Laboratory Manual. Volume 2, third edition. pp 8.96.
    30. Stein, J. and Liang, P. (2002a). Differential display technology: a general guide. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 59: 1235-1240.
    31. Stein, J. and Liang, P. (2002b). Differential display analysis of gene expression in mammals: a p53 story. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 59: 1274-1279.
    32. Utans, U., Liang, P., Wyner, L. R., Karnovsky, M. J. and Russell M. E. (1994). Chronic cardiac rejection: identification of five upregulated genes in transplanted hearts by differential mRNA display. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 91: 6463-6467.
    33. Wang, X., Xue, C., Wang, X., Liu, H., Xu, Y., Zhao, R., Jiang, Z., Dodson, M. V. and Chen, J. (2009). Differential display of expressed genes reveals a novel function of SFRS18 in regulation of intramuscular fat deposition. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 1: 28-33.
    34. Wang, Y. R., Wu, J. Y., Reaves, S. K., and Lei, K. Y. (1996). Enhanced expression of hepatic genes in copper-deficient rats detected by the messenger-RNA differential display method. J. Nutr. 126: 1772-1781.
    35. Welsh, J., Chada, K., Dalal, S., Cheng, R., Ralph, D. and McClellnd, M. (1992). Arbitrarily primed PCR fingerprinting of RNA. Nucleic Acid Res. 20: 4965.
    36. Yanying, Z., Xiangzhai, Z., Qinghui, J., Yunyu, L., Peiguo, L., Wenxiang, Z. And Juan, C. (2011). Study on differential display gene expression of Eimeria tenella multiple resistance strain isolated from Tangshan in chicken Afric. J. Microbiol. Res. 5: 2053-2058.
    37. Yu, H. and Goh, C. J. (2000). Identification and characterization of three orchid MADS-box genes of the AP1/AGL9 subfamily during floral transition. Plant Physiol. 123:1325–1336.
    38. Zimmermann, J. W. and Schultz, R. M. (1994). Analysis of gene expression in the pre-implantation mouse embryo: Use of mRNA differential display. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 91:5456-5460.
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