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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 29 issue 4 (december 2008) : 260 - 270

MICROPROPAGATION OF PEAR (PYRUS SPP.): A REVIEW

A
Anirudh Thakur
R
R.P.S. Dalal
N
Navjot
1Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Station, Bathinda 151 001- India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Thakur Anirudh, Dalal R.P.S., Navjot (2025). MICROPROPAGATION OF PEAR (PYRUS SPP.): A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 29(4): 260 - 270. doi: .

ABSTRACT

In pear, micropropagation was achieved for the first time in 1979 on pear rootstock ‘OH x F 51’
and scion variety ‘Bartlett’. Significant progress has been made in the different areas of in vitro
culture of pear since these first reports. In most cases, Murashige and Skoog (MS) revised medium
(1962) was used as mineral medium for culturing many Pyrus species and cultivars for regeneration
and/or proliferation, subculturing and subsequent rooting. The lower concentration of major elements
in WPM (Woody Plant Medium; Lloyd and McCown, 1980) was more suitable for micropropagation
of some pear genotypes. Starting material for establishment of pear in vitro culture consists mostly
of shoot tips or single node explants from grafted plants. BAP is the most frequently used cytokinin
for pear micropropagation. Exogenous auxins do not promote axillary shoot proliferation, however,
culture growth may improve by their presence. Rooting Pyrus spp. in vitro has proven difficult, and
scion cultivars have proved more difficult to root than rootstocks. However, several authors were
successful in rooting European pears, but the results were poorer with Asian pears. NAA is mostly
used for inducing rooting followed by IBA, IAA and 2, 4-D. Brief exposure of shoots to auxin and
darkness followed by their transfer to hormone free medium resulted in good rooting response in
pear. The success of transplanting and survival of plants greatly depends on the quality of roots. In
pear, acclimatization has been accomplished in various substrates by progressively decreasing the
relative humidity.

KEYWORDS

    REFERENCES

    1. Anonymous (2006). Agricultural database of Food and Agricultural Organization of United States. www.fao.org.
    2. Bahri Sahloul, R. et al. (2005). Adv. Hort. Sci., 19: 21-28.
    3. Banno, K. et al. (1988). Pl. Tis. Cul., 5: 87-89.
    4. Banno, K. et al. (1989). J Jap. Soc. Hort. Sci., 58: 37-42.
    5. Bartish, I. V. et al. (1994). Fiziologiya-i-Biokhimiya Kul’turnykh Rastenii 26 : 84-90.
    6. Baviera, J. A. et al. (1989). Acta Hort, 256: 63-68.
    7. Bell, R. L. and Reed, B. M. (2002). Acta Hort., 596 : 412-418.
    8. Berardi, G. et al. (1993). Scientia Hort., 53: 157-165.
    9. Bhojwani, S. S. et al. (1984). Scientia Hort., 24: 247-254.
    10. Cheng, T. V. (1979). Compact Fruit Trees. 12 : 127-137.
    11. Chevreau Dantas, E. et al. (1992 In : Y P S Bajaj (ed.) Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry : Hightech and
    12. Micropropagation II. Vol.18. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp. 244-261.
    13. Damiano, C. et al. (2000). Acta Hort., 530: 181-185.
    14. Dantas, A. C. et al. (2002). Revista Brasileira de Agrociencia, 8: 19-23.
    15. De Paoli, G. (1989). Informatore Agrario, 43: 71-73.
    16. Dwivedi, S. K. and Bist, L. D. (1997). Indian J. Hort., 54: 223-228.
    17. Dwivedi, S. K. and Bist, L. D. (1999). Indian J. Hort., 56: 189-193.
    18. Freire, I. C. G. et al. (2002). Acta Hort., 596: 457-461.
    19. Hu, C. Y. and Wang, P. J. (1983). In: D A Evans, W R Sharp, P V Ammirato and Y Yamada (eds.) Handbook of plant
    20. cell culture vol. I. MacMillan, New York. pp. 177-227.
    21. Hughes, K. W. (1981). In B V Conger (ed.) Cloning agricultural plants via in vitro techniques. Boca Raton, Florida,
    22. USA. pp.125-132.
    23. Jones, O. P. and Hopgood, M. E. (1979). J. Hort. Sci., 54: 63-66.
    24. Kadota, M. et al. (2001). Scientia Hort., 89: 207-215.
    25. Kadota, M. and Niimi, Y. (2004). HortScience, 39: 1681-1683.
    26. Lane, W. D. (1979a). Plant Sci. Lett., 16: 337-342.
    27. Lane,W. D. (1979b). Can. J. Plant Sci,. 59: 1025-1029.
    28. Leite, G. B. et al. (1997). Ciencia-e-Agrotecnologia, 21: 436-441.
    29. Leite,G. B. et al. (2000). Ciencia-e-Agrotecnologia. 24: 353-357.
    30. Li, C. Z. et al. (2002). J. Fruit. Sci., 19: 227-230
    31. Liaw, W. J. et al. (1992). Bulletin Taichung Dist Agri Imp Station, 34: 1-9.
    32. Liu, T. et al. 2004. J. Fruit Sci., 21(2):124-127.
    33. Lloyd, G. and McCown (1980). Proc. Intl. Plant Prop. Soc., 30: 421-427.
    34. Lucyszyn, N. et al. 2006. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant. 42 (3) 287-290.
    35. Marino, G. (1984). Riv ortoflorofrutt. It. 68: 95-106 Cited by Rossi V, De Paoli G and Dal Pozzo P (1991) Acta Hort,
    36. 300: 145-148.
    37. Mehri Kamoun, R. et al. (2004). Adv. Hort. Sci., 18: 53-59.
    38. Murashige, T. and Skoog, F. (1962) Physiol Plant., 15: 473-97.
    39. Nadosy, F. (1997). Hort. Sci., 29: 17-21.
    40. Nedelcheva, S. (1986). Genet. Sel., 19: 404-416.
    41. Nemeth, G. (1986). In: Y. P. S. Bajaj (ed.) Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry – Trees I. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
    42. pp. 49-64.
    43. Nicolodi, R. and Pieber, K. (1989). Mitteilungen klosterneuburg 39: 247-250.
    44. Ochatt, S. J. and Caso, O. H. (1984). Rev Invest Agropecu Ser 2, Biol Prod Veg., 19: 251-256.
    45. Pasqual, M. et al. (2002 a). Acta Hort., 596: 453-455.
    46. Pasqual, M. et al. (2002 b). Acta Hort., 596: 447-450.
    47. Predieri, S. and Govoni, M. (1998). Acta Hort., 475: 127-132.
    48. Previati, A. et al. 2002. Acta Hort., 596: 485-486.
    49. Quoirin, M. and Lepoivre, P. (1977). Acta Hort., 78: 437-442.
    50. Quoirin, M. et al. (1977). Stn. Cult. Fruit Maraicheres Gemblous, pp. 93-117.
    51. Reed, B. M. (1995). HortScience., 30: 1292-1294.
    52. Roozban, M.R. et al. (2002). Seed and Plant, 18:348-361.
    53. Sedlak, J. and Paprstein, F. (2003). Acta Hort., 616: 379-382.
    54. Shen, X. S. and Mullins, M. G. (1984). Scientia Hort., 23: 51-57.
    55. Shibli, R. A. et al. (1997). Scientia Hort., 68: 237-242.
    56. 270 AGRICUTURAL REVIEWS
    57. Singha, S. (1980). In: R H Zimmerman (ed.) Proceedings of the Conference on nursery production of fruit plants
    58. through tissue culture: applications and feasibility. USDA. pp. 59-63.
    59. Singha, S. (1982). J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 107: 657-660.
    60. Skoog, F. and Miller, C. O. (1957). Symp. Soc. Exp. Bio., 11: 118-31.
    61. Stimart, D. P. and Harbage, J.F. (1989). HortScience, 24 : 298-299.
    62. Thakur, Anirudh (2004). Ph. D. Thesis. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab) India.
    63. Viseur, J. (1987). Acta Hort., 212: 117-123.
    64. Wang, Q. C. et al. (1994). J. Hort. Sci., 69: 833-839.
    65. Yeo, D. Y. and Reed, B. M. (1995). HortScience, 30: 620-623.
    66. Yotsuya, T. et al. (1984). Scientia Hort., 24: 177-184.
    67. Zhao, H. X. (1982). Acta-Botanica-Sinica, 24: 392-394.
    68. Zimmerman, R. H. et al. (1995). Pl. Cell. Tis. Org. Cul., 43: 207-213.
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      volume 29 issue 4 (december 2008) : 260 - 270

      MICROPROPAGATION OF PEAR (PYRUS SPP.): A REVIEW

      A
      Anirudh Thakur
      R
      R.P.S. Dalal
      N
      Navjot
      1Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Station, Bathinda 151 001- India

      • Submitted|

      • First Online |

      • doi

      Cite article:- Thakur Anirudh, Dalal R.P.S., Navjot (2025). MICROPROPAGATION OF PEAR (PYRUS SPP.): A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 29(4): 260 - 270. doi: .

      ABSTRACT

      In pear, micropropagation was achieved for the first time in 1979 on pear rootstock ‘OH x F 51’
      and scion variety ‘Bartlett’. Significant progress has been made in the different areas of in vitro
      culture of pear since these first reports. In most cases, Murashige and Skoog (MS) revised medium
      (1962) was used as mineral medium for culturing many Pyrus species and cultivars for regeneration
      and/or proliferation, subculturing and subsequent rooting. The lower concentration of major elements
      in WPM (Woody Plant Medium; Lloyd and McCown, 1980) was more suitable for micropropagation
      of some pear genotypes. Starting material for establishment of pear in vitro culture consists mostly
      of shoot tips or single node explants from grafted plants. BAP is the most frequently used cytokinin
      for pear micropropagation. Exogenous auxins do not promote axillary shoot proliferation, however,
      culture growth may improve by their presence. Rooting Pyrus spp. in vitro has proven difficult, and
      scion cultivars have proved more difficult to root than rootstocks. However, several authors were
      successful in rooting European pears, but the results were poorer with Asian pears. NAA is mostly
      used for inducing rooting followed by IBA, IAA and 2, 4-D. Brief exposure of shoots to auxin and
      darkness followed by their transfer to hormone free medium resulted in good rooting response in
      pear. The success of transplanting and survival of plants greatly depends on the quality of roots. In
      pear, acclimatization has been accomplished in various substrates by progressively decreasing the
      relative humidity.

      KEYWORDS

        REFERENCES

        1. Anonymous (2006). Agricultural database of Food and Agricultural Organization of United States. www.fao.org.
        2. Bahri Sahloul, R. et al. (2005). Adv. Hort. Sci., 19: 21-28.
        3. Banno, K. et al. (1988). Pl. Tis. Cul., 5: 87-89.
        4. Banno, K. et al. (1989). J Jap. Soc. Hort. Sci., 58: 37-42.
        5. Bartish, I. V. et al. (1994). Fiziologiya-i-Biokhimiya Kul’turnykh Rastenii 26 : 84-90.
        6. Baviera, J. A. et al. (1989). Acta Hort, 256: 63-68.
        7. Bell, R. L. and Reed, B. M. (2002). Acta Hort., 596 : 412-418.
        8. Berardi, G. et al. (1993). Scientia Hort., 53: 157-165.
        9. Bhojwani, S. S. et al. (1984). Scientia Hort., 24: 247-254.
        10. Cheng, T. V. (1979). Compact Fruit Trees. 12 : 127-137.
        11. Chevreau Dantas, E. et al. (1992 In : Y P S Bajaj (ed.) Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry : Hightech and
        12. Micropropagation II. Vol.18. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp. 244-261.
        13. Damiano, C. et al. (2000). Acta Hort., 530: 181-185.
        14. Dantas, A. C. et al. (2002). Revista Brasileira de Agrociencia, 8: 19-23.
        15. De Paoli, G. (1989). Informatore Agrario, 43: 71-73.
        16. Dwivedi, S. K. and Bist, L. D. (1997). Indian J. Hort., 54: 223-228.
        17. Dwivedi, S. K. and Bist, L. D. (1999). Indian J. Hort., 56: 189-193.
        18. Freire, I. C. G. et al. (2002). Acta Hort., 596: 457-461.
        19. Hu, C. Y. and Wang, P. J. (1983). In: D A Evans, W R Sharp, P V Ammirato and Y Yamada (eds.) Handbook of plant
        20. cell culture vol. I. MacMillan, New York. pp. 177-227.
        21. Hughes, K. W. (1981). In B V Conger (ed.) Cloning agricultural plants via in vitro techniques. Boca Raton, Florida,
        22. USA. pp.125-132.
        23. Jones, O. P. and Hopgood, M. E. (1979). J. Hort. Sci., 54: 63-66.
        24. Kadota, M. et al. (2001). Scientia Hort., 89: 207-215.
        25. Kadota, M. and Niimi, Y. (2004). HortScience, 39: 1681-1683.
        26. Lane, W. D. (1979a). Plant Sci. Lett., 16: 337-342.
        27. Lane,W. D. (1979b). Can. J. Plant Sci,. 59: 1025-1029.
        28. Leite, G. B. et al. (1997). Ciencia-e-Agrotecnologia, 21: 436-441.
        29. Leite,G. B. et al. (2000). Ciencia-e-Agrotecnologia. 24: 353-357.
        30. Li, C. Z. et al. (2002). J. Fruit. Sci., 19: 227-230
        31. Liaw, W. J. et al. (1992). Bulletin Taichung Dist Agri Imp Station, 34: 1-9.
        32. Liu, T. et al. 2004. J. Fruit Sci., 21(2):124-127.
        33. Lloyd, G. and McCown (1980). Proc. Intl. Plant Prop. Soc., 30: 421-427.
        34. Lucyszyn, N. et al. 2006. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant. 42 (3) 287-290.
        35. Marino, G. (1984). Riv ortoflorofrutt. It. 68: 95-106 Cited by Rossi V, De Paoli G and Dal Pozzo P (1991) Acta Hort,
        36. 300: 145-148.
        37. Mehri Kamoun, R. et al. (2004). Adv. Hort. Sci., 18: 53-59.
        38. Murashige, T. and Skoog, F. (1962) Physiol Plant., 15: 473-97.
        39. Nadosy, F. (1997). Hort. Sci., 29: 17-21.
        40. Nedelcheva, S. (1986). Genet. Sel., 19: 404-416.
        41. Nemeth, G. (1986). In: Y. P. S. Bajaj (ed.) Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry – Trees I. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
        42. pp. 49-64.
        43. Nicolodi, R. and Pieber, K. (1989). Mitteilungen klosterneuburg 39: 247-250.
        44. Ochatt, S. J. and Caso, O. H. (1984). Rev Invest Agropecu Ser 2, Biol Prod Veg., 19: 251-256.
        45. Pasqual, M. et al. (2002 a). Acta Hort., 596: 453-455.
        46. Pasqual, M. et al. (2002 b). Acta Hort., 596: 447-450.
        47. Predieri, S. and Govoni, M. (1998). Acta Hort., 475: 127-132.
        48. Previati, A. et al. 2002. Acta Hort., 596: 485-486.
        49. Quoirin, M. and Lepoivre, P. (1977). Acta Hort., 78: 437-442.
        50. Quoirin, M. et al. (1977). Stn. Cult. Fruit Maraicheres Gemblous, pp. 93-117.
        51. Reed, B. M. (1995). HortScience., 30: 1292-1294.
        52. Roozban, M.R. et al. (2002). Seed and Plant, 18:348-361.
        53. Sedlak, J. and Paprstein, F. (2003). Acta Hort., 616: 379-382.
        54. Shen, X. S. and Mullins, M. G. (1984). Scientia Hort., 23: 51-57.
        55. Shibli, R. A. et al. (1997). Scientia Hort., 68: 237-242.
        56. 270 AGRICUTURAL REVIEWS
        57. Singha, S. (1980). In: R H Zimmerman (ed.) Proceedings of the Conference on nursery production of fruit plants
        58. through tissue culture: applications and feasibility. USDA. pp. 59-63.
        59. Singha, S. (1982). J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 107: 657-660.
        60. Skoog, F. and Miller, C. O. (1957). Symp. Soc. Exp. Bio., 11: 118-31.
        61. Stimart, D. P. and Harbage, J.F. (1989). HortScience, 24 : 298-299.
        62. Thakur, Anirudh (2004). Ph. D. Thesis. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab) India.
        63. Viseur, J. (1987). Acta Hort., 212: 117-123.
        64. Wang, Q. C. et al. (1994). J. Hort. Sci., 69: 833-839.
        65. Yeo, D. Y. and Reed, B. M. (1995). HortScience, 30: 620-623.
        66. Yotsuya, T. et al. (1984). Scientia Hort., 24: 177-184.
        67. Zhao, H. X. (1982). Acta-Botanica-Sinica, 24: 392-394.
        68. Zimmerman, R. H. et al. (1995). Pl. Cell. Tis. Org. Cul., 43: 207-213.
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